Dermestid Beetle Control

• Do not accumulate woolens or articles made of animal by-products unless they are extremely important to you.

• Do not keep or store woolens that are not used regularly.

• During non-use seasons, store woolen clothing in tightly-sealed containers or "moth-proof" bags. In most cases the inclusion of mothballs is advised.

• Since these beetles can develop in stored foods, be especially watchful for infestations that start there…

Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

• Also known as Ladybird beetles.

• Adults are rounded, and range in size from tiny to ¼ inch long. Color ranges from black to brightly colored.

• Larvae are active and elongate with long legs, and look like tiny alligators.

• Adults very mobile; will leave to find pest.

• Feed on scales, eggs of larvae and other soft-bodied insects and mites

• 5,000 aphids in a lifetime!

PresenterPresentation NotesPupae look very much like larvae, but are immobile and most commonly attached to a leaf. Photos: Harmonia axyridis, Multicolored asian ladybeetle, Top: adult. Bottom: larva.

Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

Left: Chilocorus kuwanae adult. (twice stabbed) Center: Coccinella septempunctata adult.

Right: Coleomegilla maculata adult.(a.k.a pink spotted lady beetle)

Left: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri adult.Adult eating a aphid.

Center: Harmonia axyridis adult. (a.k.a Asian Lady Beetle)

Right: Hippodamia convergens adult.

Left: Pseudoscymnus tsugae adult.Center: Rodolia cardinalis adult.

(vedalia beetle)Right: Stethorus punctum adult.

(a.k.a. spider mite destroyer)

Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/chilocorus.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/chilocorus.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/c7.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/c7.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/coleomeg.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/coleomeg.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/cryptolaemus_m.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/cryptolaemus_m.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/hippodamia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/hippodamia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/pseudoscymnus_tsugae.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/pseudoscymnus_tsugae.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/rodolia_cardinalis.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/rodolia_cardinalis.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/stethorus_p.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/stethorus_p.html

Asian Lady Beetle

Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)

http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.htmlhttp://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/harmonia.html

Order Diptera – “two wing”Oder Diptera: Flies, Mosquitoes, Gnats, Midges

• One pair of wings. - second wing is haltere (gyroscope)

• Complete Metamorphosis.• Larvae have chewing mouthparts or mouth hooks.• Adults with sucking mouthparts.• Greater economic impact than any other insect group

- Pests and vectors of disease.• Beneficial

- pollinate flowering plants.- assist with decomposition of organic matter.- biocontrol agents of insect pests.

Flies

Leaf miners

• Tunnel between the upper and lower leaf surface feeding on the soft inner tissues.

• Tolerated by plants unless infestations precipitate high levels of leaf damage.

• Cosmetic pest.

Chrysanthemum leaf miner

Leaf miners - Lifecycle

Leaf miner Damage

Spotted Wing Drosophila

Spotted Wing Drosophila - Lifecycle

Spotted Wing Drosophila -Damage

Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)

• Large group of flies.• 1/4 to 3/4 inch long.• Most adults eat pollen and nectar

(good pollinator).• Adults are black and yellow, often

hover around flowers, and look like bees (but do not sting).

• Larvae feed on aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs, scale insects, and thrips.

PredatorSyrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)

http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366030.jpghttp://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366030.jpghttp://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366018.jpghttp://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/1366018.jpg

• Good for slow moving, soft bodied insects.

• Early in the growing season.• Single individual can consume up

to 400 aphids in a life time.

PredatorSyrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)

Order Hymenoptera – “membrane wing”

Order HymenopteraWasps, Bees, Ants, Horntails, Sawflies

• Complete Metamorphosis.• Two pairs of membranous

wings.• Chewing mouthparts.• Important pollinators!• Beneficial.• Social.

• Social insects.

• Usually live underground.

• Some ants will eat soft bodied insects.

• Often times considered a nuisance in homes and/or a pest in the garden.

Ants

Right: Red imported fire ants (Solenopsisinvicta) with cerambycid larvae.

Ants

Ants Harvesting Honeydew

Ants vs. Termites

Ants vs. Termites

Petiole

Ants vs. Termites

• Adults eat mainly caterpillars and feed their larvae beetles, flies, true bugs, and other wasps.

• Adults switch to feed on sugar in late summer.

• Yellow and black markings.

• Some are more aggressive than others.

Hornets, paper wasps(Vespidae Polistes)

Solitary/Hunting Wasps Paper Wasps

Parasitic Wasp of White FlyImportant parasite of the greenhouse whitefly

Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

Gee Wiz Facts About Insects. How small can these tiny wasps get?

139µm (micrometers)

1000 µm (microns) in 1 millimeter

Dicopomorpha echmepterygis (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

Chalcid wasps (Chalcidoidea)

So how do these tiny wasps get around?

Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Mining Bee (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

Plasterer Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

Leafcutter Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Leafcutter Bee Houses

Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

PresenterPresentation NotesA bumblebee is any member of the bee genus Bombus, in the family Apidae. There are over 250 known species.

Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Honey Bees Like to Dance!

Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”

Waggle dance is a term used in beekeeping for a particular figure-eight dance of the honey bee.

PresenterPresentation NotesBy performing this dance, successful foragers can share with other members of the colony, information about the direction and distance to patches of flowers yielding nectar and pollen, to water sources, or to potential new housing locations.

Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”

Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”

World Crop Production

Of the 100 crops that provide 90 percent of the world's food, over 70 are pollinated by bees. Honey bees account for a third of the $3 trillion worth of agricultural produce sold each year!

AcerolaAlfalfaAllspiceAlmondAlsike cloverAmerican PawpawApple*Apricot*Arrowleaf cloverAtemoya, Cherimoya, Custard appleAvocadoAzaroleBeetBlack currant, Red currantBlackberryBlueberryBoysenberryBrazil nut

Broad beanBroccoliBrussels sproutsBucket orchidBuckwheatCabbageCactus, Prickly pearCantaloupe, MelonCarambola, StarfruitCarawayCardamomCarrotCashewCauliflowerCeleryChestnutChilli pepper, Red pepper,

Bell pepper, Green pepperChinese cabbage

Clover (not all species)CocoaCoconutCoffeaCola nutCorianderCottonCowpea, Black-eyed pea,

Blackeye beanCranberryCrimson cloverCrownvetchCucumberDurianEggplantElderberryFeijoaFennelFig

Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy or Grow Any of These Foods?

FlaxGrape*Guar bean, Goa beanGuavaHazelnutHog plumHyacinth beanJack bean, Horse bean, Sword beanJujubeKariteKiwifruitLemonLima bean, Kidney bean, Haricot bean, Adzuki bean, Mungo bean, String bean, Green beanLimeLonganLoquatLupineLychee

MacadamiaMammee appleMangoMustardNaranjilloOil palmOkraOnionPapayaPassion fruit. MaracujaPeach, Nectarine*Pear*PersimmonPigeon pea, Cajan pea, Congo beanPlum, Greengage, Mirabelle, SloePomegranateQuinceRambutan

Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy Any of These Foods?

RapeseedRaspberryRed cloverRose hips, DogrosesRowanberrySafflowerSainfoinSapodillaScarlet runner beanService TreeSesameSour cherrySoybeanSquash (plant), Pumpkin, Gourd, Marrow, ZuchiniStanhopeaStar apple, CainitoStrawberryStrawberry tree

SunflowerSweet Cherry*TamarindTangeloTangerineTomatoTung treeTurnip, CanolaVanillaVetchWalnutWatermelonWhite clover

Pollination & Food Production: Do You Enjoy Any of These Foods?

Bee – Economics 101 & Supply and Demand

“In the next 20 years the cost of Honey Bee pollinated foods could double or triple as bees continue to DIE off.”

What? Could It Be True, No More Honey Bees???

Population

In the last 20 years the domesticated honey bee population has shrunk by 30-50% in the U.S.

Pollinators in Decline: Honey Bees

Colony Collapse Disorder

Viruses PesticidesNosema apis & ceranae parasitic fungusParasitic MitesNutritionStress

PresenterPresentation NotesNosema apis (Zander) is a unicellular parasite of the class Microsporidia, which are now classified as fungi or fungi-related but is often referred to as a disease “Nosema”

Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian, a small, unicellular parasite that mainly affects Apis cerana, the Asiatic honey bee

Nosema spores are spread to other colony members through fecal matter. The disease impairs the digestion of pollen, thereby shortening the life of the bee.

Varroa destructor – Single Biggest Issue

The biggest killer? Mites & Parasitic Fungus

Varroa mites - These tiny parasites from Siberia have now spread around the world. Attack both larvae and adult bees and reduce bees’ resistance to viral infection.

Tracheal mites – Introduced in the early 1980s, attack the respiratory system of adult bees causing them to choke and can wipe out a colony in a day.

Nosema – A single celled fungal parasite that spread from the Asian honeybee. The bees’ digestive track is destroyed inhibiting the digestion of pollen causing the bees to starve to death. Nosema also affects the Queen’s ability to lay eggs.

In a recent study at Oregon State University of 247 samples from across the state, 137 (55%) of those samples had the Nosema parasite present and 234 (94%) had Varroa mites present.

Nosema Infection

Tracheal mites

Varroa mite

PresenterPresentation NotesNosema spores are spread to other colony members through fecal matter. The disease impairs the digestion of pollen, thereby shortening the life of the bee. If the queen becomes infected her ovaries degenerate and her egg laying capacity is reduced.

Using pesticides on plants kills insects - the bad insects as well as the good insects.

When the honey bee collects pollen or nectar, they may become contaminated with the pesticide which could be carried back to the hive; thus potentially killing nest mates.

Neonicotinds (a class of chemical found in recently developed pesticides) have already been outlawed in France since it damages the bees’ ability to navigate.

Pesticides

Why are Native Bees in Decline?

Competition with introduced species (about 28 new species in North America)Climate ChangeHabitat Loss and Lack of Nutrition

Reduced Forage

Intensive Agriculture i.e. Stress

Bee keepers and farmers often move hives to different locations (even different states).

Scientists theorize that this excessive moving resulting in rapid seasonal change and colony stress may confuse the honey bees and make them susceptible to diseases.

Intensive Agriculture

Honey Bees Continue to Die Off…

Are We Going to Pollinate Our Own Crops?

The Question To Ask Undoubtedly Is…

Would You?

PresenterPresentation NotesThis is already happening in parts of China to pollinate pear trees in areas where the insects are extinct.

Questions?

Dale WhaleyAssistant Professor - Regional Extension Specialist

203 S. Rainier St., PO Box 550Waterville, WA 98858-0550509-745-8531 dwhaley@wsu.edu www.ncw.wsu.edu

Helping You Put Knowledge to Work!

Dermestid Beetle Control�Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)Lady beetles (Coccinellidae)Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Leaf miners Leaf miners - LifecycleLeaf miner DamageSpotted Wing Drosophila�Spotted Wing Drosophila - LifecycleSpotted Wing Drosophila -Damage�Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)Syrphid flies, flower flies, hover flies (Syrphidae)Slide Number 17Ants�Ants�Ants vs. Termites�Ants vs. Termites�Ants vs. Termites�Hornets, paper wasps�(Vespidae Polistes) Parasitic Wasp of White Fly� Important parasite of the greenhouse whiteflySlide Number 25Dicopomorpha echmepterygis (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)Slide Number 27Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)Mining Bee (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) Plasterer Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)Leafcutter Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)Slide Number 32Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)Honey Bees Like to Dance!Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”Honey Bee “Waggle Dance”World Crop ProductionSlide Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Bee – Economics 101 & Supply and DemandWhat? Could It Be True, No More Honey Bees???Pollinators in Decline: Honey BeesColony Collapse DisorderVarroa destructor – Single Biggest IssueThe biggest killer? Mites & Parasitic FungusSlide Number 50Why are Native Bees in Decline?Reduced ForageIntensive Agriculture i.e. StressIntensive AgricultureHoney Bees Continue to Die Off…Are We Going to Pollinate Our Own Crops? Questions?Helping You Put Knowledge to Work!