Describe the structure of the lymphatic system.Analyze the function of the lymphatic system.Identify the characteristics and treatment of

common lymphatic disorders.Apply standard precautions.

Bell Ringer

Complete the first column o the Anticipation Guide. WITHOUT the Book! Then Read….

THE PAGE NUMBERS are 310-313

Get out your work from Friday…I need to see it!

Bell…. Pop Quiz

List one function of the Lymphatic System

Put your name on the paper and pass it up!

List one function of the Lymphatic System

What the heck does it do….

Transports digested fat from the intestine to the bloodstream

Removes and destroys toxic substances Resists the spread of disease throughout

the body.

Structures….

LYMPH – fluid that goes between capillary blood and tissues.

LYMPH VESSELS – transport excess tissue fluid back into circulatory system.

LYMPH NODES – produce lymphocytes, filter out harmful bacteria.

SPLEEN – produces lymphocytes and monocytes, blood reservoir, recycles old red cells.

Thymus gland – produces T-LYMPHOCYTES

Straw-colored fluid (similar to plasma) INTERSTITIAL FLUID or tissue fluid because it is in the

spaces between cells Composed of H2O, lymphocytes, some granulocytes,

O2, digested nutrients, hormones, salts, CO2 and urea. NO red blood cells or protein molecules (too large) Carries digested food, O2 and hormones to cells Carries wastes back to capillaries for excretion Since the lymphatic system has no pump, skeletal

muscle action squeezes lymph along Valves prevent backward flow

Closely parallel veins Located in almost all tissues and

organs that have blood vessels Tissue lymph enters small lymph

vessels which drain into larger vessels called lymphatics – they flow into one of two large, main lymphatics – the 1)THORACIC DUCT and 2)right lymphatic duct.

1)THORACIC DUCT gets lymph from left side of chest, head and neck, abdominal area and lower limbs left subclavian vein superior vena cava heart.

2)right lymphatic duct-lymph from right arm, right side of head and upper trunk.

Lymph flows only in one direction – from body organs to the heart.

Lymph circulation showing interaction with blood vessels and cells…

Palpation of lymph nodes: Anterior cervical chain

Regional lymphatics and drainage patterns of the left breast

Tiny, oval shaped - size of pinhead to size of almond

Located alone or grouped Site for lymph production

and filter for screening out harmful substances

If substance can’t be destroyed, node becomes inflamed

Bell……

Make sure this is complete!...Workbook pgs 191-192 A and B

Get out your packets/outlines Tonsils Spleen Thymus

Small Group Project You are expected to participate You are expected to present Yes, this counts as a grade! You have 20 minutes to complete. Some of you are

done,.stay in your seat!

Masses of lymphatic tissue that produce lymphocytes and filter bacteria – they get smaller in size as person gets older

The spleen performs many important functions related to the immune system.

Sac-like mass of lymphatic tissue

Upper left abdominal cavity, just below diaphragm

Forms lymphocytes and monocytes

Filters blood Stores large amounts of

RBCs – contracts during vigorous exercise or loss of blood, to release RBCs

Destroys or removes old or fragile RBCs

Upper, anterior thorax, above the heart Thymus is also considered an endocrine gland

Bellringer

Complete 3rd column of Anticipation Guide…Grade yourself!

Complete workbook 191 A-F Complete 1-5 pg 304

Bellringer

QUIETLY Answer Review questions…1-5 on page

326 in text

Bell…..

Get out the outline and turn to page 292 in your textbook

Bell

Text page 324 9 & 10

You will be taking notes during the presentations on the forms on your desks

Define

Normal Defense/individual’s immune system

What is it’s unique feature? Page 314, text

***Chain of Infection Group GO!

Small Group Project

You are expected to participate You are expected to present Yes, this counts as a grade!

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7053834n

Bell

Text 327 Case study

– the body’s ability to resist bacterial invasion and disease.

2 general types – natural and acquired.

NATURAL IMMUNITY – at birth, inherited and permanent. Includes: Unbroken skin Mucus and tears Blood phagocytes Local inflammation

– body’s reaction to invaders

Acquired artificially by injecting antibodies to protect from a specific disease

Immediate immunity Lasts 3-5 weeks Used when someone exposed to measures,

tetanus, infectious hepatitis Mother provides newborn with some passive

immunity

ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

– lasts longer, two types NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY – result of

having had and recovered from a disease. For example, a child who had measles will usually not get it again – child’s body has manufactured antibodies.

ARTIFICIAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY – comes from being vaccinated

– artificial resistance to a particular infection by artificial means

Antigen injected into a person to stimulate production of antibodies

Assignment

Complete worksheet from packet “Immunity Chart”

Text page 326 matching From overhead notes complete the

outline

Bell

Workbook complete pages 196-197 J-M

Bell….

Using “Immunity Chart" and text pages 314 and 315 complete workbook pg 195-G and H

Viruses: Smallest organisms Electron Microscope. Cannot reproduce unless inside another living cell

Three Diseases… Hepatitis B-HBV virus

Transmitted blood body secretions

Liver destruction Vaccine Viruses: Smallest

organisms Electron Microscope. Cannot reproduce unless inside another living cell

Hepatitis C-HCV Transmitted blood body

secretions Liver destruction

AIDS/HIV-Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome virus

Cannot fight cancers and infections

No cure

OSHA

passed regulations in 1991 requiring all health care facility employers to:

-        Determine which employees will have exposure to blood and body fluids

-        Provide Hepatitis B vaccine free to employees with exposure risk (or signed refusal)

-        Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, lab coats, masks, and face shields

-        Provide adequate hand washing facilities and supplies

-        Ensure clean & safe work environment -        Follow decontamination protocol for contaminated

surfaces -        Dispose of infectious wastes correctly -        No eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact

lenses, applying lip balm, etc. in risk area

Skills…very serious responsibility

http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/8606924/

ADENITIS – swelling in the lymph glands TONSILLITIS In childhood, they may become infected,

enlarged, and cause difficulty swallowing Surgery done in extreme cases LYMPHADENITIS – enlargement of the lymph

nodes, occurs when infection is present and body is attempting to fight off the infection.

HODGKIN’S DISEASE – cancer of the lymph nodes, painless swelling of lymph nodes is early symptom. Rx – chemotherapy and radiation

Caused by virus Frequently in young

adults and children Spread by oral contact

(kissing) Symptoms – enlarged

lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental fatigue, leukocytes

Rx – bed rest

HYPERSENSITIVITY

When the body’s immune system fails to protect itself against foreign material, and instead, the antibodies formed irritate certain body cells.

An abnormal response to a drug or allergen.

An ALLERGEN is an antigen that causes allergic responses. (Examples of allergens – ragweed, penicillin, bee stings, foods, etc.)

severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a

massive secretion of histamine Symptoms – breathing problems,

headache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting

Rx – adrenaline

AIDS/HIV Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotrophic virus type III) Commonly caused HIV

or Human immunodeficiency virus. Affects not only homosexual males but all populations The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most infections. Three responses to HIV infection: AIDS ARC (AIDS-related complex) Asymptomatic infection Screening tests for HIV/AIDS are available AIDS Most severe type of HIV infection Subject to OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS – a healthy person would fight off

these infections, but a person with AIDS has a compromised immune response. Symptoms of AIDS Prolonged fatigue Persistent fevers or night sweats Persistent, unexplained cough Thick coating in throat or on tongue Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or skin that don’t go away Chronic diarrhea Shortness of breath Unexplained lymphadenopathy Unexplained weight loss, 10 pounds or more, in less than 2 months Incubation period: 1 month to12 years

The AIDS Patient

Sometimes treated as outcasts Healthcare worker should be supportive Use of gloves for normal patient contact

is not necessary

AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX (ARC)

Has HIV but not AIDS and develops other conditions such as:

Chronic diarrhea Chronic lymphadenopathy Unexplained weight loss If life threatening opportunistic infections

develop, then individual is said to have AIDS ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION - Has HIV but

no symptoms.

– EVERYONE who participates in risky behaviors. Transmission by: Sex with someone who is HIV positive Sharing needles with infected IV drug users At birth from infected mother Cannot be spread by: Casual contact Through air, feces, food, urine or water Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands and

sharing eating utensils Prevention: Avoid risky behaviors Standard precautions

Assignments/expectations for Monday!….

Take 10 notes from video Test is on Tues., covers chapters 15 and 16 Study with the disk in you book (at home) Return to your presentation/ Small groups

*each group may submit 2 questions for clarification!

Write # of your question on master-up front.

Study the mult. Choice Questions!

Bell

Your papers from yesterday are up front! Complete K Chapter 15 Page 197 in workbook These are your choices (you may have to use a medical

dictionary to clarify) Bronchitis adenitis Anemia melanoma Some types of cancer Colitis emphysema thrombocytopenia

Bell

List at least 6 times when hands must be washed.

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Guidelines to be used in patient care setting Must be used when there is contact with blood, any body fluid (except

sweat), mucous membranes and non-intact skin. Hand washing – the single most effective way to prevent infection. Wash hands after touching body fluids, even if gloves are worn. Wash hands immediately after removing gloves, between patient contacts. Use a plain (non-antimicrobial) soap Wash for a minimum of 20 seconds Gloves – worn when touching blood, body fluids, etc. Mask, eye protection, face shield and gown – during patient care activities

that may generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, etc. Patient care equipment and linens – handle with care, don’t let it touch

your or clothing, clean or discard appropriately.

Occupational Health and Blood Bourne Pathogens

Beware of needles! Never recap used needles. Dispose of all needles and sharp objects in

sharps container. Use mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, or other

ventilation devices as alternative to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

A patient who contaminates the environment should be in a private room or relatively isolated area.

CBS Sunday Morning Video clip

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7053834n

Turn in your Essay, now. Up front!

Bell…Workbook (from packet) f,g,h. & Workbook 208 K

Bell

4 of you that were out/left early Thursday…bring your work up NOW!

Text 327( chapter 15) Case study****answer even only!

Write your first and last name on your packet…bring it up!