· describe%how!the!phospholipid!functions!to!make!up!the!fluid!membrane....
TRANSCRIPT
Unit%2%Structure%and%Function%Core%Idea:%From%Molecules%to%Organisms:%Structure%and%Processes%
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Objective 1: Define the term Biology %Biology is the study of ______________________ things and their
__________________________ with their natural (_________________________)
and ________________________ (nonliving) _______________________. Studying
Biology will help you understand how we as ________________________ have
a ______________ role in _________________________ the natural
______________________________ and _________________________ life on Earth.
Objective 2: List and Describe the Characteristics of Living Things
______________ is the quality that distinguishes living things – compose
of ___________ - from __________________ things or those that have died.
All living things, all ____________________, can be
__________________________ by _______________ aspects of their
______________________ and ________________________. Organisms are
_________________, organized and built on a hierarchial structure, which
provides the foundation for the next level.
!
Objective 2: List and Describe the Characteristics of Living things
%%Identify the eight characteristics that something must have to be alive.
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%Connect – A friend argues that are car is alive because its parts form organized systems and it requires energy (gasoline and battery power). How would you respond to your friend? %
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Characteristics of Living Things
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Objective 3: Identify the Parts of a Chemical Reaction Label the sides of the following equation as either products or reactants. !___________________________!! ! ! ! _________________________!
CH4%+%O2% % % CO2%+%2H20%%Calculate%the!number!of!atoms!of!each!element!in!the!chemical!equation!above.!!Record!the!information!in!the!table!below.!
Element%Symbol!
Element%Name%
Number%of%Atoms%
(reactants)%
Number%of%Atoms%
(products)%!!
! ! !
!!
! ! !
!!
! ! !
%
The!______________________!amount!of!_________________!needed!for!reactants!to!form!
____________________________!in!a!chemical!reaction!is!called!the!_________________________!
energy!
Objective%4:%Relate%Energy%Changes%to%Chemical%Reactions!!
!%Exothermic%%%%%Reaction%
Endothermic%%%%%%Reaction%
e
!During!the!reaction,!energy!is!______________________________________!____________________________________________________________________________!!
As!a!result,!the!energy!of!the!product!is!_______________________!Than!the!energy!of!the!reactants.!
During!the!reaction,!energy!is!!!____________________________________.!
!
A!As!a!result,!the!energy!of!the!
product!is!_______________________!Than!the!energy!of!the!reactants.!
! Objective%5:%Summarize%the%Importance%of%Enzymes%in%Living%organisms%Summarize%key!characteristics!of!an!enzyme!by!completing!the!organizer!below.!!
! ! ! ! !
! ! %
Analyze%how!an!enzyme!works!by!completing!the!paragraph.!
For!a!substance!to!bind!with!a!particular!enzyme,!the!________________!and!
________________!of!the!substrate!must!match!that!of!an!enzyme’s!__________________!
________________.!!In!the!enzyme!substrate!complex,!chemical!bond!in!the!
_______________________!are!broken!and!______________!!________________!form.!!The!results!of!
the!interaction!between!an!enzyme!and!its!____________________________!are!products,!
which!are!released!by!the!________________________________.!
Analyze%the!role!of!catalysts!in!chemical!reactions.!
________________________________________________________________________________________!!
Compounds!of:!_________________________!
Participates!in!how!many!different!types!of!reaction?!!!_____________________________________________!
Activity!level!affected!by:!_______________!!!_____________________________________________!
Reusable?!________________________________!!!!_____________________________________________!
Purpose:!__________________________________!!!!_____________________________________________!
%%%%%%%%Compounds%
Objective 6: Describe the Role of Carbon in Living Systems Contrast%an!organic!compound!to!an!inorganic!compound!!__________________________________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!Model%a!carbon!atom!and!label!the!parts:!!nucleus,!electrons,!1st!and!2nd!energy!levels.! !
Explain%why%a!carbon!atom!can!form!so!many!organic!compounds.!!_________________________________________!!_________________________________________!!_________________________________________!!_________________________________________!
%Evaluate the number of molecules of each element in the carbohydrate described by the formula below. (CH2O)6
Carbon:_______ Hydrogen: _________ Oxygen_________ Ratio of Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: _____________________ Type of carbohydrate:__________________________________________________________ When building a macromolecule, a molecule of ______________ is removed
To make a _______________. An example is when ________________ of sugar
are added together to make a ___________________.
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%Objective 7: List the Four Important Macromolecules, Recognize Their Structure and Describe the Functions in Living Things %Compare%the!composition!and!function!of!four!important!!!macromolecules.!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Group% Subunit% Function% Example%%%Carbs%%%
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%%Lipids%%%
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%%Proteins%%%
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%%Nucleic%Acids%!
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Two Types of Proteins !
Structural Chemical ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!
Units%that%Make%Up%Nucleotides%!!
! !
Function%of%DNA:%!!!!!!!
Function%of%RNA:%
Label%the!diagram!below:! ! ! Draw!and!label!a!diagram!of!RNA:%%!%
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%Objective%8:%Differentiate%Between%a%Prokaryote%and%a%Eukaryote%Cell% Cells differ in their ___________ and ___________ and vary in their ___________
they perform. Cells are the ___________________ of life and have molecular
____________________ that support their ___________________.
Sequence%the%levels%of%organization%listed%below%in%the%correct%order%from%LEAST%complex%to%MOST%complex.%%organ% cell% % tissue% %%atoms%&%molecules% % organ%system%
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(Least%Complex)%%%%
%Identify%the!3!main!ideas!of!the!cell!theory:!!1.!!!!!!!!___________________________________________________________________________________!!!2.! ___________________________________________________________________________________!!3.! ________________________________________________________________________________!%
Main%Idea%–%Basic%Cell%Types%(Pages%185[186)%Compare%and%Contrast%%eukaryotic!and!prokaryotic!cells!by!completing!the!Venn!diagram.!N Bacteria!! ! ! ! N!have!membrane!bound!organelles!N contain!organelles! ! ! N!multicellular!organisms!N have!loose!strands!of!DNA!! N!unicellular!organisms!N have!a!nucleus! ! ! N!don’t!have!membrane!bound!organelles!!!!
!!________________________________!allow!many!_____________________!reactions!to!occur!at!the!
same!__________________!although!in!_________________________!locations!in!the!cell.!!
Prokaryote!cells!(no!true!nucleus)!are!much!________________________!than!eukaryotic!
cells!and!may!be!_______________________!to!the!first!__________________________!on!Earth.!
______________________%structures!within!the!cells!are%__________________________%for!specific!
____________________________!functions.!!These!essential!functions!of!a!cell!involve!
chemical!_______________________!between!many!types!of!molecules:!
1.!!_____________________________________%% % 2.%________________________________%
3.%_____________________________________% % 4.!________________________________!
!
Objective%9:%The%Plasma%Membrane%Helps%to%Maintain%a%Cell’s%Homeostasis%%
Survival%of%a%cell%depends%on%%
%%%%%Ability!to!_____________________! ! ! ! a!_____________________!of!
the!___________________!conditions! ! ! chemical!_______________________!
within!itself!(__________________________).! ! that!occur!in!_______________________!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! areas!of!the!organisms!cell.!
%Main%Idea%–%Function%of%the%Plasma%Membrane%(Page%187)%Analyze%what!would!happen!if!the!cell!membrane!were!not!selectively!permeable.!!!!%%Identify%four!ways!that!the!membrane!can!deal!with!materials.!!!!!!!!!!%%%%%
%Describe%how!the!phospholipid!functions!to!make!up!the!fluid!membrane.%! !! ! ! ! !
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!Describe%the!functions!of!the!different!components!of!the!plasma!membrane.!Phopholipids%!!
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Transport%molecules%%%
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Cholesterol%%%
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Receptors%%%
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Discuss how the terms fluid and mosaic describe the plasma membrane. Fluid: __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Mosaic:_________________________________________________________________
%!Objective 10: List the Structures of a Typical Eukaryotic%Cell%and%Their%Functions%%Complete!the!tables!by!inserting!the!terms!or!by!defining!them:!cell!wall! !!!!!cytoplasm! ! !!!!!!!!!golgi!apparatus! nucleolus! !centriole! !!!!!cytoskeleton! ! !!!!!!!!!lysosome! !!!!!!!!!!!!ribosome!chloroplast! !!!!!endoplasmic!reticulum!!!!!!mitochondria! vacuole!Nucleus%%%
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Nuclear%envelope%%
!
Ribosome%%%
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Nucleolus%%%
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Endoplasmic%reticulum%%
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Golgi%Apparatus%%%
!
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Storage!compartment!in!a!cell;!usually!a!single,!large!structure!in!a!plant!and!many!small!ones!in!animals!
% Converts!fuel!particles!(sugars)!into!useable!energy!!!
% Captures!light!energy!and!converts!it!to!chemical!energy!through!photosynthesis!!
Lysosome%%%
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! Structure!near!the!nucleus!that!functions!during!cell!division!in!animal!cells!!
Cell%wall% !!
!%%Write!each!term!in!the!table!under!the!heading!that!best!describes!it:!!cell!wall! !!!!!cilium! !!!!!!!!!!!endoplasmic!reticulum!!!lysosome!!!!!!!!!ribosome!centriole! !!!!!cytoplasm!!!!!!!!!flagellum! ! ! mitochondrion!chloroplast! !!!!!cytoskeleton!!!!glogi!apparatus! ! nucleolus! !!!!vacuole!!!!Cell%Structure%
(5)%Related%to%
Genetic%Material%(2)%
Food,%Storage,%Waste%(5)%
Energy%(2)%
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Objective%11:%Compare%and%Contrast!the!cell!parts!found!in!the!following!categories.!!!!!!
!!!!!%Objective 12: Explain the Process and Importance of Diffusion and Predict the Effect of a Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic Solution of a Cell Define the term diffusion: ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Dynamic Equilibrium will occur when _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Describe the distribution of the drop of food coloring in the large graduated cylinder. How is this an example of diffusion? !__________________________________________________________________________________________!!________________________________________________________________________________________!
Summarize%the!relationship!between!water!and!the!plasma!membrane!by!completing!the!concept!map!below.!!
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!Model!a!cell!in!a!hypertonic,!hypotonic,!and!isotonic!solution!!
Solution!is:! !!!!__________________!!!!!!!!____________________!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___________________!!Cell!is:! !!!!__________________!!!!!!!!____________________!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___________________!!Results:! !!!!__________________!!!!!!!!____________________!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___________________!
Water!flows! Water%and%the%%Plasma%membrane%
Osmosis!is!
Flow!through!helps!create!and!maintain!!!_____________________________!
Homeostasis!is!
!! !Objective%13:%Explain%the%Process%of%Active%Transport%and%the%Transport%of%Large%Molecules%%Summarize%the!five!ways!particles!move!through!the!membrane.!
Passive%Transport%Simple%Diffusion% Facilitated%Diffusion%
!!!!
!
Active%Transport%!!!!
Transport%of%Large%Particles%exocytosis% endocytosis%
!!!!
!
!!Objective%14:%Relate%DNA%to%Protein%Synthesis%and%Cellular%Activities%%All!___________!contain!_________________!information!in!the!form!of!_____________.!!Genes!
contain!_________________!within!the!extremely!large!___________!molecules!that!form!
_________________________.!!Genes!contain!the!______________________!that!code!for!the!
information!of!molecules!called!_____________________,!which!carry!out!most!of!the!
________________!of!cells!to!perform!the!_________________________________________!of!life.!
!!!!!
!! !!
!%%
structural!Proteins%%
signaling!
Determines!the!performance!of!cells!through!!!
Regulate!!
Objective%15:%%Summarize%the%Negative%Feedback%Mechanism%using%the%Hormone%Levels%of%the%Body%as%an%Example%%The!amount!of!a!hormone!(which!is!a!protein)!that!is!released!from!a!gland!is!
determined!by!your!body’s!___________________!for!that!hormone!at!a!given!time.!!This!
ensures!the!right!________________!is!in!your!system!at!all!______________.!!The!endocrine!
system!is!a!example!of!a!system!controlled!!by!a!negative!________________________!
system,!in!which!_______________________!or!their!effects,!are!fed!back!to!inhibit!the!
original!signal.!
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SUMMARY!OF!STRUCTURE!AND!FUNCTION:!
A.! _________________________!of!specialized!____________!within!the!organisms!help!
perform!_______________________functions!of!life,!which!involve!chemical!reactions!that!
take!place!between!types!of!__________________________,!such!as!____________________,!
___________________________,!carbohydrates,!____________________,!and!nucleic!acids.!
!
B.! _____________!are!different!regions!in!the!___________!that!contain!___________________!
!that!_________________!for!the!formation!of!______________________,!which!carry!out!most!of!
the!____________________.!
!
C.! ___________________________!organisms!have!a!hierarchial!structure!organization,!in!
which!one!system!is!made!up!of!_________________________!parts!and!itself!a!component!of!
the!______________!level.!
!
D.! _____________________________!mechanisms!______________________!living!system’s!
________________________!conditions!within!certain!_____________________!and!mediate!
behaviors,!allowing!it!to!_______________________!alive!and!function!even!as!external!
conditions!change!within!some!_________________.!
! 1.!Outside!the!range!like!too!______________!or!too!_____________!!a!temperature!the!
! !!!!!organisms!can’t!_____________________.!
! 2.!!_____________________!mechanisms!can!encourage!(through!____________________!
! !!!!!!feedback!what!is!going!on!in!the!_____________________!system.! ! !
! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
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