design and analysis of tri powered go kart · the go kart project is a part of engineering and is...

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Intellectual Computing

IJREIC – VOLUME – V – ISSUE - 22 – MAR – APR 2019 ISSN: 2455-0825

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Abstract: From the beginning of our civilization, automotives have been always all integral part of the

society, bicycles or what we commonly called cycles is the primitive stage of all automobile. The term

Effie-cycle stands for what we called all efficient cycle or hybrid cycle. It is the special kind of vehicle

which works by the engine, solar energy and also moves with pedals with higher efficiency than the normal

bicycle which has the maximum efficiency and increase in magnitude is almost impossible. In regard to the

recent surge of development in the automotive industry, and the growing need for alternative energy source

for mobility in day to day scenario. This project carried aims at providing an energy efficient human

powered four wheel electric vehicles capable of carrying two passengers. All the features like engine, drive

train, differential, suspension, brakes, steering, solar panel, pedals, frame structure; etc has been designed

to comply with the requirements. This paper aims to the design and analysis of a go-kart. The main

intention is to do modeling and analysis of go-kart. The maximum deflection is obtained by analysis. The

go-kart is different from ordinary cars on the road. The paper highlights the material used and structural

formation of chassis. The strength of material, rigidity of structure and energy absorption characteristics is

discussed. The modeling and analysis are performed using 3D software such as Catia, and Ansys. The

loads are applied to determine the deflection and stress of vehicle.

I- INTRODUCTION

The Go Kart Project is a part of Engineering and

is intended to be the capstone for the engineering

program. It is a month long project where teams

of two groups completed an engineering design

project from concept to prototype. Students are

able to select their own teams as well as the

endeavor they would like to undertake.

DRIVE TRAIN

Our goal for the drive train included designing a

system that will improve the way that the vehicle

harnesses the varying power produced by its

users. We decided at the beginning of the project

that the drive train needed to consist solely of

commonly available bicycle components for

simplicity and for easy access of replacement

parts. It was our goal to improve on the current

designs available which limit the performance of

the vehicle by connecting the pedals of each rider

together, making them turn at the same speed.

The gearing on the vehicle should also be sized

such that the vehicle can achieve speeds of 25

mph.

FRAME

The frame must be able to handle the load of two

adults under driving conditions including both

static and impact loading. Strength and weight

considerations need to be carefully balanced in

order to minimize vehicle weight without

compromising its strength and integrity. The

frame will most likely be subject to corrosive,

harsh environments over its life, so it must also

have protection against corrosion. The frame

options are as follows:

• A rectangle or box configuration, with the

riders positioned above a frame rail

• An I configuration, with the users

cantilevered out from a central frame rail

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRI POWERED GO KART MD.FEROZ, MD.OVAISE QHARNI, CHENGOLU SRINIVASULU, K.SAI KRISHNA,

P.VINOD KUMAR

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, SVITS, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India

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We also considered two different material choices

for the frame.

• Steel

• Aluminum

• Mild steel

Hence, a well designed body or shell can reduce

the air resistance on the car when it moves. Air

resistance is referred to as aerodynamic drag. If a

moving object is streamlined, the air will flow

around it smoothly and cause less drag, therefore

needed less energy to move the object. Beside

that, one goal for the teams I to design solar car is

to achieve extremely low aerodynamic drag while

still maintaining a suitable surface for the solar

cells and adequate space for the driver and other

component.

Aerodynamics

DRAG RESISTANCE

The drag equation gives the drag force by an

object moving through a fluid. This equation

related to Cd, the drag coefficient; A, frontal are

and the speed of air past it. This equation shows

an important point – aerodynamics forces are

proportional to the square of the speed. That

means

D is the force of drag,

Ρ is the density of the fluid,

V is the velocity of the object relative to the fluid,

A is the reference area, and

Cd is the drag coefficient

II - DESCRIPTION ON PROJECT

WHEELS

The vehicle needs four wheels that will support

the designed load, 200kg/wheel, and will not fail

under heavy side loading or impact loading. The

vehicle will be traveling on a paved surface, so the

tire that is selected should not only have enough

traction to stop the vehicle without skidding, but

also minimize rolling friction to make pedaling

easier.

FRONT STUB AXLES AND KING PINS

The Front Stub Axle and King Pin is one complete

piece, however there is a Left and Right hand

piece – so they are NOT identical. Only the Left

hand Front Stub Axle and King Pin is outlined in

the above drawing. With some common sense, a

Right hand part can easily be fashioned. The "n"

piece of the King Pin is made up by welding 3

pieces of flat steel to form an "n" shape. The

steering arm is then welded to the King Pin (n

shaped piece).

STEERING

The steering system is to provide accurate,

responsive, stable steering that is easy to operate

while maintaining simple manufacturability. The

steering system also needs to account for the

Ackermann effect by having the front wheels turn

on different radii.

• Re-circulating-Ball Steering



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•Rack-and-Pinion

When the steering column was first invented, it

consisted of a single long steel rod which

connecting the steering wheel to the steering gear

box. While this single-piece construction was

efficient, and effective in controlling the vehicle, it

soon became apparent that its design was unsafe

in frontal collisions. Under the single-piece

system, when such an impact occurred, the

steering column would often impale the driver as

it was rammed toward the rear of the vehicle. A

collapsible steering column is a mechanism that is

used to transfer power from the steering wheel

into the steering gear box, which transfers power

to turn the wheels of a vehicle. Existing

collapsible steering columns still consist of a long

shaft that connects the steering wheel to the

steering gear box.

II- FUEL POWERED SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Fuel-based cars not only threaten the very air we

breathe in but also the cost of running and

maintaining them are huge and overbearing, and

as the fossil fuels are gradually being depleted, the

cost of these limited scare resources, the existing

fuels’ prices are continuously rising. Clearly,

individuals need to become more aware of the

consequences of their actions and can help protect

the earth by using an alternative method of

transport, perhaps the solar car, an eco-friendly,

clean, inexpensive, compact car, independent of

fossil fuels and toxic emissions. This electric

vehicle may definitely be a major step in reducing

traffic congestion, noise and vehicle emissions on

the road. Solar cars would not contribute to

global warming or to the production of CO2.Thus

this will reduce greenhouse gas emissions as CO2

is the primary greenhouse gas and thereby lower

human health risks. They will cost four times less

than fuel-based cars since apart from the initial

cost of the major components of installation for

example the solar panels, charge and motor

controllers, there would be no more recurring

costs as solar energy is absolutely free. If the

government and many transportation industries

can take the initiative to provide the fund for the

research and development of the technology to

produce solar power and thus to the production of

solar cars at a large scale, the use of this modern

vehicle will benefit us all.

REAL AND IDEALIZED OTTO CYCLE

1-2: Rev. Adiabatic Compression

2-3: Constant Volume Heat Addition

3-4: Rev. Adiabatic Expansion

4-1: Constant Volume Heat Rejection

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REQIREMENTS

• Engine

• Chain that fits the sprocket

• Bolts, washers

• For the drive train:

• Wheels

• Steering wheel

• Gear and brake

• Drive shaft

• Bearings

• Steering shaft

• Brake pedal

• Throttle/go pedal

III- DESIGN METHODLOGY OF TRI

POWERED GO KART

4.1 Introduction to CATIA

CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional

Interactive Application) is a multi-platform

CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software

suite developed by the French company Dassault

Systems. Written in the C++ programming

language, CATIA is the cornerstone of the

Dassault Systems product lifecycle

management software suite. CATIA competes in

the high-end CAD/CAM/CAE market with Cero

Elements/Pro and NX (Unigraphics).

The 3D CAD system CATIA V5 was introduced

in 1999 by Dassault Systems. Replacing CATIA

V4, it represented a completely new design tool

showing fundamental differences to its

predecessor. The user interface, now featuring

MS Windows layout, allows for the easy

integration of common software packages such as

MS Office, several graphic programs or SAPR3

products (depending on the IT environment).

Fig: 4.1: Home Page of CatiaV5

4.4 Modeling of Tri Powered Go Kart in

CATIA V5

This Tri Powered Go Kart is designed using

CATIA V5 software. This software used in

automobile, aerospace, consumer goods, heavy

engineering etc. it is very powerful software for

designing complicated 3d models, applications of

CATIA Version 5 like part design, assembly

design.

Fig: 4.2: Model design of Tri Powered Go Kart

in CATIA-V5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassault_Systemes





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Fig: 4.3: Model arrangement of mechanism in

CATIA-V5

4.4.3 Assembly Modeling of Tri Powered Go

Kart

In this modeling each and every component get

assembled together with the means of constraints,

coincidence, contact, offset, angle, fix component,

flexible, manipulate, etc.

Fig: Importing the existing Catia V5 file in the

Assembly Modeling System

Multi View: This is the command in which all the

views of the component / model can be displayed

on the screen at a same time, they can be edited

under the workbench.

Fig: Using Multi View Command

V- ANALYSIS OF TRI POWERED GO

KART

5.1 Procedure for FE Analysis Using ANSYS:

The analysis of the Skirt, Air cushion, cabin,

blower fan, pulleys, and v-belt is done using

ANSYS. For compete assembly is not required,

motor and attached system is to carried out by

applying moments at the rotation location along

which axis we need to mention. Fixing location is

bottom legs of assembly of the craft.

5.2 Preprocessor

In this stage the following steps were executed:

Import file in ANSYS window

File Menu > Import> STEP > Click ok for the

popped up dialog box > Click

Browse" and choose the file saved from

CATIAV5R20 > Click ok to import the file

Fig.5.1: Import panel in Ansys.

VI- DISCUSSION ON ANALYSYS RESULT

6.1 Results of Displacement analysis:

Fig: Displacement of Belt (Dynamo)

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Fig: Displacement of Belt (Motor)

Fig: Displacement of Body Frame

Fig: Displacement of Chassis

Fig: Displacement of Engine Sprocket (Large)

Fig: Displacement of Engine Sprocket (Small)

Fig: Displacement of Free Wheel

Fig: Displacement of Front Axle

Fig: Displacement of Pedals Stand



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Fig: Displacement of Pulley (Dynamo)

Fig: Displacement of Pulley (Motor)

Fig: Displacement of Rack + Pinion

Mechanism

Fig: Displacement of Rear Axle

Fig: Displacement of Steering System

Fig: Displacement of Wheel

6.2 Results of Stress analysis:

Fig: Stress of Belt (Dynamo)

Fig: Stress of Belt (Motor)

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Fig: Stress of Body Frame

Fig: Stress of Chasis

Fig: Stress of Engine Sprocket (Large)

Fig: Stress of Engine Sprocket (Small)

Fig: Stress of Free Wheel

Fig: Stress of Front Axle

Fig: Stress of Pedals Stand

Fig: Stress of Pulley (Dynamo)



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Fig: Stress of Pulley (Motor)

Fig: Stress of Rack + Pinion Mechanism

Fig: Stress of Rear Axle

Fig: Stress of Steering System

Fig: Stress of Wheel

6.3 Results of Strain analysis:

Fig: Strain of Belt (Dynamo)

Fig: Strain of Belt (Motor)

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Fig: Strain of Body Frame

Fig: Strain of Chasis

Fig: Strain of Engine Sprocket (Large)

Fig: Strain of Engine Sprocket (Small)

Fig: Strain of Free Wheel

Fig: Strain of Front Axle

Fig: Strain of Pedals Stand

Fig: Strain of Pulley (Dynamo)

Fig: Strain of Pulley (Motor)



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Fig: Strain of Rack + Pinion Mechanism

Fig: Strain of Rear Axle

Fig: Strain of Steering System

Fig: Strain of Wheel

VII- CONCLUSIONS

A highly nonlinear model for the dynamic

behavior of Tri Powered Go Kart is considered. A

parametric study to investigate the influence of the

control parameters on the dynamic response is

conducted. The control parameters that influence

the transient response are found to be

dimensionless equation is developed to predict the

response. Based on the developed equation, the

Optimum values of the control parameters of the

Tri Powered Go Kart are obtained. As shown in

above figures the Strains of the components is

meshed and solved using Ansys and Strain is very

less. This is showing us that clearly each

component in gear assembly is having minor

Strain. Strain is at the fixing location (Minimum

Strain which is acceptable). The value which is

very less compared to yield value of given

materials; this is below the yield point.

The final result positive manner .There is no

problem while in Final assembly design; without

failure. For proving that above analysis is carried

out for applying Strains and rotational force

analysis. Clearly there is no shortage of Tri

Powered Go Kart development in the future. As

the technology is taking off in various forms, the

Tri Powered Go Kart is well on its way to clear

the path for future vehicle transport. Although

new vehicles are low in noise, a problem that

plagued earlier developments most engines used

are still gasoline-based. It seems only a matter

time before that they will appear on our streets.

Finally, I report that assembly design is fine and

finite element model results shown same results.

There is no failure in analysis.

VIII- REFERENCES

www.dynamicscience.com.autes...s1compound.

htm

www.rushgears.com

S.Setharaman & A Kahraman, Load

independent spin power losses of a gear pair,

Ohio state university, 2009.

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Lehmann, M. (1976). Calculation and

Measurement of Forces (in German) (PhD

Thesis, Technical University Munich).

J. Smith, Gear Noise and Vibration, Marcel

Dekker, Inc, New York, 2003.

R. Gregory, S. Harris, R. Munro, Dynamic

behaviour of spur gears, Applied Mechanics

Group 178 (8) (1962) 207{221.

R. Singh, A. Kahrman, Non-linear dynamics of

a spur gear pair, Journal of Sound and

Vibration 142 (1) (1990) 49{75.

https://www.bme.uconn.edu/sendes/Spring09/T

eam1/PDF%20documents/Optimal%20Design

%20Report.pdf

http://www.fec-design.com/files/72123113.pdf

AUTHOR PROFILE

MD.FEROZ B.Tech student in the Mechanical

Engineering from Sri Visvesvaraya institute of

technology and science, MBNR

MD.OVAISE QHARNI B.Tech student in the

Mechanical Engineering from Sri Visvesvaraya

institute of technology and science, MBNR

CHENGOLU SRINIVASULU B.Tech student

in the Mechanical Engineering from Sri

Visvesvaraya institute of technology and science,

MBNR.

K.SAI KRISHNA B.Tech student in the


institute of technology and science, MBNR.

P.VINOD KUMAR, ASST. PROFESSOR


institute of technology and science, MBNR

design and analysis of tri powered go kart · the go kart project is a part of engineering and is...

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