design and construction of a digital relay for multi
TRANSCRIPT
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DIGITAL RELAY FOR MULTI-
CIRCIUT USE
BY
EKUNKE DENNIS E.
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/388
OGAR OLIVER ERUNKE
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/389
SAIDU SAMAILA
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/390
ABDULLAHI MUSA OTARU
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/391
SUBMITTED TO
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE RE!UIREMENT FOR THE AARD
OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA "HND# IN ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
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CERTFICATION
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APPROVAL PAGE
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
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FPN/2010/2011/HEET/388
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/389
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/380
FPN/2010/2011/HEET/391
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CIRCULATION OF INFORMATION
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DEDICATION
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ACKNOLEDGEMENT
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ABSTRACT
Advancement in technology using microprocessor has led to many improvement in
generating systems as well as distribution systems in electric power stations. This facilitates lower installation and maintenance costs, better reliability of the
system, improved protection and control, and quick restoration of power outage.
Microprocessor-based relay control provides technical improvement and cost
saving in several ways, one of which is the use of microprocessor programmable
logic to reduce and simplify wiring in the power station. The relay also provides
protection of bus Faults, circuit breaker failure and high-side transformer blown
fuse detection at no or minimal additional cost. The relays also have metering
functions. The digital relaying system presented in this study utilies !"#$
microcontroller %processor& to provide digital relaying in a pre-determined power
station. The !"#$ microprocessor is interfaced with relay drivers consisting oftransistor of transistors that amplifies the current to drive the relays. The relays
are used directly to perform control functions. The micro-controller is also
interfaced with A'("!") analog to digital converter that converts the analog
inputs %voltage*current& in to digital output. The !"#$ is then interfaced finally
with an +(' that serve to display the output information on the screen. t is
epected. that at the end of the study, the system developed would effectively
control power station with four generators, provide protection from faults, and
give the operational condition of power station on an +(' screen.
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CHAPTER THREE
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REFERENCES
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
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POWER
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3.3.3 T,( O"" D%$#) U&"
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CHAPTER FOUR
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xlii
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&%%$'(6%7*. T+% '+%& 47* 67',% ($74% '+% 13.86 '+,'&(6% '+% &%7,* , '+% 2206,$ 67',% '+,' &(6% '+% $',$'&.
T+% 5%& 47* '%' 5, $4$'% 5('+ '+% 47'(%'%& '%'
7%, 7,$% ,' 6,&(4 '%' (' , '+% &,% 5('$+ ('(% ,'
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$(77$%.
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' '+% ($&$'&77%& ( )4$'(( , &%:4(&%. T+% '%' (
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4.2.4 S*"/#+( S-$#"*& T(%"
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$ , $4$'( (47,'( ) '+% %(% $(&$4('. T+%
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LCD; '+% (' %&,'( 4' % '%'%. T+% %&,'( ) '+% LCD
( $4$'% * 4( '+% $(77$% ' (6%'(,'% '+% %+,6(&
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) '+% %,7% (; '+% &%('%& %7%$' ( , '+% &%, 5&('% ( )
'+% LCD (7,*. T+% %+,6(& ) '+% 4'4' ) '+%% ( )& '+%
($&$'&77%& '%77 '+% ','4 ) '+% LCD (7,*.
4.2. T,( ADC C*&(+%*& T(%"
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&%&7* $6%&' '+% ,,7 (,7 (' , ((',7 (,7 &%:4(&% )&
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ADC '+% INTR (; '+% CLKK , '+% CLKIN ) '+% ADC.
4.3 T(%" R(%$"
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,,7*% , )775J
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- A4',7% &%47,'& "LM 31# 4'4' 12.2V$
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F(. .2 R%$'()(%& 4'4' 5,6% )&
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F(..3 F(7'%&% 4'4'
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F(.. O4'4' (7,* ) '+% M($&$'&77%& %<'%&,7 $(77,'(
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O '+% %,4&%%' ) '+% 4'4' '+% ((',7 47'(%'%& )& '+%
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INTR 47% ) V '+% (
VREF 3.V
CLKR 2.2V
CLK IN 1.9V
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) %(%%&( %,4&%%' , E6,74,'( "BEME# +5 ( '+%
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S$NO
COM#ONEN TS$ ITEMS
%UANTIT Y
UNITCOST
TOTALCOST
1 10&' 2 10 20
2 4()&' 10 10 100
3 1&' 2 10 20
4 100' 2 10 20
C*+*,i-./
5 10+R 2 30 60
6 4)0+R 2 80 160
) 0(1+R 4 30 120
8 30+ 4 30 120
Di.
10 IN400) 10 10 100
C/-*l
11 12M7 2 250 500
KS.,&-
1220 +i.,&- 2 100 200
1340 +i Di+.,&- 2 250 500
Rl*
14
30A 12 V
,.il 8 400 3200
1530A,.-*,-./ 8 3000 24000
S.l/i9
16.l/i9i/. 1 1200 1200
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1).l/i9l* l* 1 1000 1000
18 il 1 300 300
1 :,&- 1 350 350
V/.;.*/
20li ;.*/<;i9= 1 150 150
21 ,*i9 6000 6000
22 >:?+/ 380 380
23 ,.,-./ 1200 1200
24,.,-i.,*;l 600 600
25 @i-, 300 300
26 ?/,illi.: 1000 1000
TOTAL 41B620
4.@ D%'%%*&%
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$+,77%% 5%&% ),$%; '+%% $+,77%% +5% 4 ( '+ '+%
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'(% ' 7$,'% '+% (7% 4&$% ) %&&& , 76( '+%%
&7% '% * '%.
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5.0 CONLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
T+% ((',7 &%7,* ( ,($,77* , ($&&$%& ,% $'&7 *'% '+,'
4'(7(% ,&'()($(,7 ('%77(%$% &($(7% ' ,,7*% 5%& *'% 67',% ,
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5%77 , %&)& $'&7 )4$'( , 5('$+( %&,'( ( '+% 5%&
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'+,' 4% '+% &($(7% ) ,&'()($(,7 ('%77(%$% ' %&)& $'&7 ,
&'%$'( ) %7%$'&($ 5%& ','(.
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C$74(6%7*; +,6( $4$'% , %<$74(6% &%%,&$+ '+( '4*; 5%
'+%&%)&% &$7,( '+,' '+( &%$' , ,&6% )& $'&4$'( +, 5&=%
, %(% ( '+% $'%<'.
5.3 R('*--(&#"*&
H,6( 4$$%)477* $7%'% '+% $'&4$'( ) '+( &%$'; 5% +%&%* &,5
'+% )775( &%$%,'(J
• S($% ((',7 $'&7 ) %7%$'&($,7 5%& *'% ( &%$%'7* ,%
((',7 *'%; 5% +%&%* &%$% '+,' '+% '4* ) ((',7 $'&7 ) 5%& +47 % %$4&,% ( '+% %,&'%'.
• B,% 4& &%47'; 5% +%&%* &%$% '+% &%$' )& )4&'+%&
(&6%%' 5+($+ ,* ($74% '+% 4%& ) *'% $'&77% 4$+
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$'&77,7% ( , 5%& ','(. A ,7 ($74% %6($% '+,' $,
&6(% &'%$'( )& 6%&67',%; 6%& $4&&%' , 67',% 4&%.
• % ,7 &%$% '+,' '+% &%$' , '+% ,'%&(,7 ,$(,'% 5('+ ('
' % ,% ,6,(7,7% )& ,* % '+,' ( 4%&( '+( =( ) &%%,&$+
5&=.
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REFERENCES
310 IEEE D&,)' S',,&; IEEE S',,& I6%&'. T(% C+,&,$'%&('($
E:4,'( )& O6%&-$4&&%' R%7,*.
311 ( I. "2002#. +('% P,%& , D((',7 C'&7 T%$+7*J C4(
P5%& G%%&,'(.
312 K,&7 . "2008#. M($&&$%&-,% ('&(4'( &%7,* ,7($,'(J
S$+5%('%& E(%%&( L,&,'&(%; I$ B%77%6(7%. USA.
313 M,&= L. 1998 D((',7 L5 I%,$% B4,& ())%&%'(,7 P&'%$'(.
A&'($7% O &%6(%5 ) &($(7% , ,&,$+% ( ((',7 &%7,*(.
31 55.5(=(%(,.$/((',7&%7,*(/,7($,'(.