design and creative ideas for no-frills airports in tier-ii & tier-iii cities

DESIGN AND CREATIVE IDEAS FOR

NO-FRILLS (LOW COST) AIRPORTS

IN TIER-II AND TIER-III CITIES

RAJIV BABU CHINTALA

ABSTRACT

The project report deals with the topic, “Design and Creative ideas for no-frills (low cost)

Airports in tier-II and tier-III cities”. Indian government is planning to build small i.e.,

No-Frill Airports with rudimentary facilities, in order to bring down the cost of flying. Such

airports will be a world apart from the swanky ones at Delhi and Mumbai. As per a blueprint

being prepared by the Airports Authority of India (AAI), these airports, which will be

located in small towns, will lack conveyor belts, arrival lounges and even air-conditioning.

Luggage will have to be checked in manually. One air traffic control (ATC) tower will cater

to a number of such airports.

Therefore, this project deals with the analyzing and understanding of basic facility

requirements for the safe operations of the airports and thus give the maximum inputs with

the overall idea to the industry to further proceed with the planning stage of no- frill

airports. Also the project elucidates the primary requirements in the airports with cost

effective manner and also proposes for the revenue generation strategies which provide

profit for the airport authority.

In this Project it has been analyzed and observed all the necessary requirement for the

airport operations and thus gave a brief suggestion on the no –frill airport facility

requirements with reference to passenger and staff satisfaction levels.

Here it has made a detail explanation of various facilities provided in the airport with

specific dimensions like Airport Terminal Facilities, ATC requirements, parking facilities,

revenue generation strategies, dimensional indications and other miscellaneous facility

requirements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

List of tables i

List of figures ii

I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Industry profile 1 1.2 Company profile 5 1.3 About the project 9 1.4 Objectives of the project 11 1.5 Scope of the project 12 1.6 Limitations of the project 12

II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Methodology adopted 13 2.2 Sources of data collection 13 2.3 Statistical tools adopted 15

III REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3.1 Conceptual and theoretical view 16 3.2 Statement of the problem 18 3.3 Significance of the project 18

IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1 Data Analysis 19 4.2 Statistical calculations 33

V REVENUE STRATIGIES AND DIMENSIONAL

INDICATIONS 5.1 Description of terminal building 35 5.2 Revenue through PSF & UDF charges 41 5.3 Revenue through route navigation facility charges 43 5.4 Revenue through terminal navigation landing charges 44 5.5 Revenue through airline counters and backup offices 45 5.6 Revenue through parking and entry charges 45 5.7 Dimensions of terminal building 46

VI CONCLUSION 6.1 Findings 48 6.2 Recommendations 49 6.3 Conclusion 50

BIBLIOGRAPHY 51

APPENDIX 52

LIST OF TABLES

Table no. Title of the table Page no.

4.1.a Respondents details (gender) 19

4.1.b Respondents details (age) 20

4.1.c Respondents details (place) 21

4.1.d Respondents details (occupation) 22

4.1.1 Requirement of snack bars 23

4.1.2 Need for Wi-Fi 23

4.1.3 Need for cell phone/laptop charging slots 24

4.1.4 Requirement of flight information display systems 24

4.1.5 Need of ATM machines 25

4.1.6 Requirement of air conditioning in check-in area 25

4.1.7 Requirement of air conditioning in security check-in area 26

4.1.8 Need for vehicle parking facilities in the airport 26

4.1.9 Need for car rental services in the no-frill airports 27

4.1.10 Need or the availability of medical/health assistance 27

4.1.11 Need for prayer/meditation room 28

4.1.12 Need conveyor belts for baggage handling 28

4.1.13 Need of televisions for entertainment purpose 29

4.1.14 Perception of manual luggage check 29

4.1.15 Frequency of travel through air 30

4.1.16 Perception of respondents while come to an airport 31

4.1.17 Respondents travel preference 32

4.2.1 Statistical calculations (T-Test using SPSS) 34

5.2.1 Revenue through PSF and UDF charges 41

5.2.2 PSF and UDF charges in other domestic airports in India 42

5.4.1 Revenue through terminal navigation domestic landing

charges

44

5.5.1 Revenue through airline counters and backup offices 45

5.6.1 Vehicle parking and entry charges 45

5.7.1 Dimensions of terminal building 46

LIST OF FIGURES

Chart no. Title of the chart Page no.

4.1.a Respondents details (gender) 19

4.1.b Respondents details (age) 20

4.1.c Respondents details (place) 21

4.1.d Respondents details (occupation) 22

4.1.1 Requirement of snack bars 23

4.1.2 Need for Wi-Fi 23

4.1.3 Need for cell phone/laptop charging slots 24

4.1.4 Requirement of flight information display systems 24

4.1.5 Need of ATM machines 25

4.1.6 Requirement of air conditioning in check-in area 25

4.1.7 Requirement of air conditioning in security check-in

area

26

4.1.8 Need for vehicle parking facilities in the airport 26

4.1.9 Need for car rental services in the no-frill airports 27

4.1.10 Need or the availability of medical/health assistance 27

4.1.11 Need for prayer/meditation room 28

4.1.12 Need conveyor belts for baggage handling 28

4.1.13 Need of televisions for entertainment purpose 29

4.1.14 Perception of manual luggage check 29

4.1.15 Frequency of travel through air 30

4.1.16 Perception of respondents while come to an airport 31

4.1.17 Respondents travel preference 32

Figure no. Title of the figure Page no.

1 Terminal building layout 37

2 Top view of the terminal building 38

3 Front view of the terminal building 40

©Rajiv Babu Chintala

1

CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Aviation Industry in India

Introduction

The Indian civil aviation industry is on a high growth trajectory. India has a vision

of becoming the third largest aviation market by 2020 and is expected to be the largest by

2030.

The civil aviation industry in India has ushered in a new era of expansion driven by

factors such as Low-Cost Carriers (LCC), modern airports, Foreign Direct Investments

(FDI) in domestic airlines, cutting edge Information Technology (IT) interventions and a

growing emphasis on regional connectivity. In terms of market size, the Indian civil

aviation industry is amongst the top 10 in the world with a size of around US$ 16 billion.

The world is focused on Indian aviation – from manufacturers, tourism boards,

airlines, and global businesses to individual travelers, shippers and businessmen, etc. If we

can find common purpose among all stakeholders in Indian aviation, a bright future is at

hand.

Market Size

India’s scheduled airlines carried 67.73 million passengers in 2014 compared with

61.42 million passengers in 2013, and 58.81 million in 2012, according to the DGCA. Air

traffic in India grew between 20 and 40 per cent for six years starting 2003, when low-fare

airline Air Deccan was launched, making it possible for more people to travel by air. The

domestic passengers carried by Air India were 12.42 million while the private carrier’s

54.95 million passengers. The market share of Air India remained at 18.4 per cent while for

the private airlines it was 81.6 per cent.

The airlines are projected to record a collective operating profit of Rs 8,100 crore

(US$ 1.29 billion) in fiscal year 2016, according to Crisil Ltd.


2

Aircraft movements, passengers and freight at all Indian airports are expected to

grow at a rate of 4.2 per cent, 5.3 per cent and 5 per cent, respectively, for the next five

years, according to estimates by Airports Authority of India (AAI).

Investment

FDI inflows in air transport (including air freight) during April 2000 to January

2015 stood at US$ 562.65 million, as per data released by Department of Industrial Policy

and Promotion (DIPP).

Following are some of the major investments and developments in the Indian aviation

sector:

Google Inc. has launched flight searches in India. “Now, you can search directly for

flights within Google or access google.co.in/flights to quickly find, compare and

book flights from your mobile device, tablet or desktop,” said Google.

Air Costa plans to add eight aircrafts before 2016 to its existing fleet of four

aircrafts.

Boeing is planning to set up an aircraft manufacturing base in India. Once set up, it

would be part of the 'Make in India' programme, under which the government wants

companies to not only manufacture for India but export as well.

Vistara has signed inter-line agreements with Singapore Airlines and Silk Air. An

inter-line agreement refers to a pact to issue and accept tickets for flights that are

operated by the partner airlines.

Air Works India Engineering has focused on growing international business and

has formed a Joint Venture (JV) with Yaksa Investment to provide aviation

maintenance services to international airlines and domestic operators.

UTC Aerospace Systems has said that US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

has approved a product developed and produced by the firm in India. With the FAA

approval, UTC Aerospace Systems’ Bengaluru facility is among the first Indian

entities to indigenously produce and directly ship an aviation product to aircraft

manufacturers in the US.

Tata Group has launched its full-service Vistara airline on January 9, 2015. Vistara

started on Mumbai-Ahmedabad route and plans to expand to other cities later.


3

Government Initiatives

Government agencies have projected that around 500 airports in all, both

brownfield and Greenfield, would be required by 2020. The private sector is sought to be

involved in a big way through different PPP models, with substantial involvement of state

support in terms of financing, concessional land allotment, tax holidays and other

incentives.

Some of the major initiatives taken by the government are as follows:

Gujarat may get a second international airport at Dholera. The Government of

Gujarat has formed Dholera International Airport Co Ltd and is obtaining approvals

from the union government.

The Directorate-General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has given its approval to Air

India’s maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) unit.

The Government of India has decided to award airports in Kolkata, Chennai, Jaipur

and Ahmedabad on management contract. The Airports Authority of India (AAI)

has issued ‘Request for Qualification’ document for these four airports.

The Government of India plans to form a committee comprising bankers, aviation

experts and technocrats to help turn around and look at privatizing the national

airline Air India.

The Ministry of Civil Aviation plans to list Airports Authority of India and Pawan

Hans Ltd on the stock exchanges.

The Government of India has approved the construction of five budget airports to

improve regional connectivity and work on them will start from FY15.


4

Aircraft movement in India

Total aircraft movement recorded a CAGR of 8.4 per cent over FY06-13.

Passenger traffic in India

Total passenger traffic stood at a 154.5 million in FY14.


5

1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

Introduction

Airports Authority of India was constituted by an Act of Parliament and came

into being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and

International Airports Authority of India. The merger brought into existence a single

Organization entrusted with the responsibility of creating, upgrading, maintaining and

managing civil aviation infrastructure both on the ground and air space in the country.

AAI manages 125 airports, which include 18 International Airport, 07 Customs

Airports, 78 Domestic Airports and 26 Civil Enclaves at Defense airfields. AAI provides

air navigation services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of air space. During the year

2013-14, AAI handled aircraft movement of 1536.60 Thousand [International 335.95 &

Domestic 1200.65], Passengers handled 168.91 Million [International 46.62 & Domestic

122.29] and the cargo handled 2279.14 thousand MT [International 1443.04 & Domestic

836.10].

PassengerFacilities

The main functions of AAI inter-alia include construction, modification &

management of passenger terminals, development & management of cargo terminals,

development & maintenance of apron infrastructure including runways, parallel taxiways,

apron etc., Provision of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance which includes

provision of DVOR / DME, ILS, ATC radars, visual aids etc., provision of air traffic

services, provision of passenger facilities and related amenities at its terminals thereby

ensuring safe and secure operations of aircraft, passenger and cargo in the country.

Air Navigation Services

In tune with global approach to modernization of Air Navigation infrastructure

for seamless navigation across state and regional boundaries, AAI has been going ahead

with its plans for transition to satellite based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and

Air Traffic Management. A number of co-operation agreements and memoranda of co-

operation have been signed with US Federal Aviation Administration, US Trade &

Development Agency, European Union, Air Services Australia and the French Government

Co-operative Projects and Studies initiated to gain from their experience. Through these


6

activities more and more executives of AAI are being exposed to the latest technology,

modern practices & procedures being adopted to improve the overall performance of

Airports and Air Navigation Services.

Induction of latest state-of-the-art equipment, both as replacement and old

equipment’s and also as new facilities to improve standards of safety of airports in the air

is a continuous process. Adoptions of new and improved procedure go hand in hand with

induction of new equipment. Some of the major initiatives in this direction are introduction

of Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM) in India air space to increase airspace

capacity and reduce congestion in the air; implementation of GPS and Geo Augmented

Navigation (GAGAN) jointly with ISRO which when put to operation would be one of the

four such systems in the world.

Security

The continuing security environment has brought into focus the need for

strengthening security of vital installations. There was thus an urgent need to revamp the

security at airports not only to thwart any misadventure but also to restore confidence of

traveling public in the security of air travel as a whole, which was shaken after 9/11 tragedy.

With this in view, a number of steps were taken including deployment of CISF for airport

security, CCTV surveillance system at sensitive airports, latest and state-of-the-art X-ray

baggage inspection systems, premier security & surveillance systems. Smart Cards for

access control to vital installations at airports are also being considered to supplement the

efforts of security personnel at sensitive airports.

Aerodrome Facilities

In Airports Authority of India, the basic approach to planning of airport facilities

has been adopted to create capacity ahead of demand in our efforts. Towards

implementation of this strategy, a number of projects for extension and strengthening of

runway, taxi track and aprons at different airports has been taken up. Extension of runway

to 7500 ft. has been taken up to support operation for Airbus-320/Boeing 737-800 category

of aircrafts at all airports.


7

HRD Training

A large pool of trained and highly skilled manpower is one of the major assets of

Airports Authority of India. Development and Technological enhancements and

consequent refinement of operating standards and procedures, new standards of safety and

security and improvements in management techniques call for continuing training to update

the knowledge and skill of officers and staff. For this purpose AAI has a number of training

establishments, viz. NIAMAR in Delhi, CATC in Allahabad, Fire Training Centers at Delhi

& Kolkata for in-house training of its engineers, Air Traffic Controllers, Rescue & Fire

Fighting personnel etc. NIAMAR & CATC are members of ICAO TRAINER programme

under which they share Standard Training Packages (STP) from a central pool for imparting

training on various subjects. Both CATC & NIAMAR have also contributed a number of

STPs to the Central pool under ICAO TRAINER programme. Foreign students have also

been participating in the training programme being conducted by these institution.

IT Implementation

Information Technology holds the key to operational and managerial efficiency,

transparency and employee productivity. AAI initiated a programme to indoctrinate IT

culture among its employees and this is most powerful tool to enhance efficiency in the

organization.


8


9

1.3 ABOUT THE PROJECT

No Frill Airport

“A no-frill airport is one for which the non-essential features have been

removed to keep the price low. The use of the term "frills" refers to a style of fabric

decoration. Something offered to customers for no additional charge may be

designated as a "frill". No-frills airport operate on the principle that by removing

luxurious additions, customers may be offered lower prices”.

The government is planning to build small airports with rudimentary facilities, in

order to bring down the cost of flying. Such airports will be a world apart from the swanky

ones at Delhi and Mumbai. As per a blueprint being prepared by the Airports Authority of

India (AAI), these airports, which will be located in small towns, will lack conveyor belts,

arrival lounges and even air-conditioning. Luggage will have to be checked in manually.

One Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower will cater to a number of such airports.

Our plan is to keep the cost of building and operating these airports to a minimum.

This mean the security will be taken care by police personnel from the respective states and

harnessing solar energy to power the airports, and the plan being discussed includes remote

controlled ATCs.

We plan to have one ATC tower that will be able to guide planes for more than

one such airport. Not every airport would require full-fledged ATC since there won't be

so many flights. As part of a plan to improve regional connectivity, the government plans

to develop 50 low-cost airports in smaller cities across the country. The cost, with such

initiatives, is expected to be very low and are estimated to come up for as low as 50-80

crore for every airport. These airports will be built in the form of modules, which means a

block can be added once there is increase in demand.

Almost 70 per cent of the population residing in smaller towns in the country are

not using air travel. There is a large number of people who could afford to pay for air travel

if the facility is made available. Today, the cost of operation of the airports and airlines has

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruffle


10

increased drastically, and thus their viability is a major concern. Hence, the no-frills airports

are also urgently needed in the tier-2 and tier-3 towns and small remote areas to strengthen

connectivity and exploit the huge potential.

Due to lower infrastructure and operational costs, no-frills airports would help

incentivize lower ticket rates resulting in higher air passenger volume. So it needs to act

fast on the idea of no-frills airport connectivity to help boost tourism, increase economic

development and boost the fortunes of the low cost carriers. It has to be a collaborative

approach by the State and Central governments as well as airlines for the no-frills airports

to succeed.

Tier 2 and Tier 3 Cities

India continues to be an attractive offshore destination for global companies, given

its unique combination of low cost, scalable talent pool, and breadth and depth of available

skills. Tier‐2/3 cities add to the value proposition by providing additional cost savings of 8

to 12 percent (for IT services), due to lower facilities and other operational costs.

With higher concentration risk in tier‐1 cities, it is becoming increasingly important

for enterprises and service providers to access talent from tier‐2/3 cities.


11

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Primary objectives:

To design a model of no frill airport terminal building.

To understand the airport revenues in all touch points of the organization.

For LCC players, the low cost airports comes full of creative ideas that will allow

them to operate efficiently at low cost.

Secondary objectives:

To study the level of customer expectations in no frill airports.

To enable travelers to relax in a comfortable environment that is easy to use and to

meet customer affordability.


12

1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The project will help the Airports Authority of India and low cost carriers to tap the

current untapped air travel market.

This project will help to reduce the passenger service fee and user development fee.

This project will help to increase the regional air connectivity.

This will help to increase the airports and airlines revenue.

This project idea will help to save the land side area.

This project design gives flexible model and easy for modification & up-gradation.

This project will help to increase the revenue and employment opportunities in that

particular states.

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The sample size is limited to 50 passengers.

Non responsiveness from respondents due to their time constraint and their biased

answers leads to inaccurate results.

Since the sample size is small and a simple random sample the facts revealed in this

project may not be exact to consider.

Time frame for the project is limited by two months.

Access to direct customers inside security areas was not allowed and hence

collecting data became tedious.

The researcher restrained to follow the rules of DGCA, BCAS and MoCA.


13

CHAPTER – II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology deals with the step by step procedure adopted to carry out the study.

According to Green and Tull, “A Research Design is the specification of methods and

procedures acquiring the information needed. It is the overall operations pattern or

framework of the project that stipulates which information is to be collected from which

sources by what procedures”.

2.1 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

Descriptive Research:

Descriptive research includes surveys and fact findings. The major purpose of the

research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. The researcher has no

control over the variables. For this project, descriptive research has been carried out.

2.2 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION

For research findings I proceeding with four methods. They are:

Project literatures

Industry expert’s opinions

Airports

Airlines

Passengers opinions

Questionnaire (survey on no-frills airport expectations)

On-site visits

Vijayawada airport

Rajahmundry airport

Chennai airport


14

Industry Expert Opinions:

“The civil aviation ministry is planning to setup no-frills airports in tier-II &

tier-III cities for this AAI has been a way forward to startup no-frill airport in donakonda

and nagarjuna sagar. So if the project is done effectively it could be taken as a reference for

both of this airports.”

- Mr. M. Raja Kishore (APD-Vijayawada)

“AAI has developed a model for these no-frills airports, which will provide

essential services needed to operationalize the airports, without in any way compromising

safety and security. This will result in low cost of operation and make it viable for the

airlines with smaller aircraft to run their services.”

- Capt. Deepak Shastri (APD – Chennai)

“For no-frills airports the non-precision instrument runway is more than

enough and there is no need of using separate navigation setup in this airports. For this it

will take source from nearby airport.”

-Mr. Varadharajulu (ATC Head-Vijayawada)

“No-frills airports are better plan for the Indian airlines especially for LCC’s.

It gives benefits for the airlines which has smaller aircraft with less than 80 seating capacity

because there are no landing charges and very less parking charges for this types of aircrafts

and also it could be a profit making strategy for the airlines.”

-Mr. Venkat (supervisor in spice jet)


15

2.3 STATISTICAL TOOLS ADOPTED

SAMPLING TOOL : Questionnaire

SAMPLE SIZE : 50

STATISTICAL TOOLS USED : Percentage Analysis and T-Test

One Sample T-Test:

The name of the one-sample t-test tells us the general research design of studies in which

this statistic is selected to test hypotheses. We use the one-sample t-test when we collect

data on a single sample drawn from a defined population. In this design, we have one group

of subjects, collect data on these subjects and compare our sample statistic to the population

parameter. The population parameter tells us what to expect if our sample came from that

population. If our sample statistic is very different, then our statistical test allows us to

conclude that our sample came from a different population. Again, in the one-sample t-test,

we are comparing the mean calculated on a single set of scores (one sample) to a known

population mean.


16

CHAPTER-III

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1 CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL REVIEW:

A model of low cost airlines and no-frills airports will drive down costs, lift

volumes and improve connectivity. The advent of low cost carriers (LCCs) has led to a

rapid growth in the aviation market in India. Today, LCCs have captured a majority share

of the market. Globally, LCC growth is often associated with a boom in tourism, growth in

air traffic and increased frequencies to smaller cities. And it has been led by new entrants

like Ryan Air, South West Airlines and Air Asia, which have also shown healthy bottom

lines, while the traditional airlines have floundered.

Low cost airports are characterized by the absence of grandiose buildings, less

space per person compared to international terminals, and significantly lower investment.

The Airports Authority of India (AAI), as part of its suggestions to the Ministry, has

included doing away with luggage scanning X-ray machines and conveyor belts for the low

cost airports.

The Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) Main Terminal Building (MTB)

was built for a 25million passenger capacity at a cost of $3.5 billion, the KLIA Low Cost

Carrier Terminal (LCCT) is a 10million passenger terminal costing only $30 million.

Unlike the MTB, the LCCT does not have any escalators, complex baggage handling

systems or aerobridges. Consequently, passenger fees at KLIA-LCCT are 86 per cent lower

than at the KLIA-Main Terminal building.

First, LCCs prefer low cost airports as these are relatively uncongested and free

from ground and air traffic control delays. Lack of congestion and faster turnarounds

enables LCCs to increase their productivity and lower their operational costs. Second, it

would increase air connectivity to tier-II and tier-III cities, making these cities directly

accessible without having to pass through major hubs like Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore.

With significantly lower investments, both passenger and airline fees would be


17

correspondingly lower. This can really spur the growth of international short haul traffic

from India.

Ryanair in Europe and Southwest in US thrive on such low cost airports/secondary

airports for their operations. There have also been cases where carriers have abandoned a

particular airport, in order to get better deals from airport operators that support their cost

structures. Ryanair has been at the forefront of such activities, abandoning or threatening

to abandon many airports such as Manchester, Graz, Girona-Costa Brava, Reus and others

in recent years, to protest against the high airport costs and other regulations. With the

development of more low cost airports and entry of new LCCs in India, the dynamics of

carrier operator relationship would change, eventually benefiting the consumer.

Finally, low cost airports serve the important function of acting as secondary

airports in cities where a major airport already exists. These airports are supposed to

complement the major airport in terms of capacity and also act as a hub for LCCs. London

is the perfect example of a city with successful secondary airports – Stansted and Luton. In

India, the first secondary airport that is coming up is the Navi Mumbai airport and it has

the opportunity to be a low cost hub. However, news indicates that instead it will be a very

expensive proposition ($ 2.4 billion), defeating the very purpose it is intended to serve.

The need of the hour is to plan for the introduction of no-frills terminals or

secondary low cost airports where the primary airport is saturated. This will lower airport

charges for airlines, thus driving ticket prices down and incentivizing air passenger growth.

The concept of low cost airports/terminals is quite new in India, where the focus has always

been on building huge state of the art airports like we have in Delhi and Mumbai. For a

developing country like India, we need to supplement the key world class international

hubs like Delhi and Mumbai with a good network of low cost airports to provide direct

point to point connectivity throughout the country.


18

3.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The construction of Greenfield airports depends on many factors such as

site clearance, clearance from regulatory authorities or Defence, other mandatory

clearances, land acquisition and finances. In the case of no-frills airports, the issues are

slightly different. The plan is to develop and operationalize nonoperational airports or

airstrips in remote areas and Tier-II or Tier-III cities on the no-frills model. Land

acquisition around such airports can be a major challenge considering the probability of

city development around the airports or airstrips resulting in obstructions for aircraft

operation. The scale of operation in these airports is expected to be low in the initial stages.

To support airlines to come out with low or reasonable fares, airport charges require to be

kept to a minimum. Development of no-frills airports means that the airport operator will

be less burdened with construction and operation costs and can achieve better growth faster.

Also over time, these airports can emerge as normal airports and become commercially

viable. As these airports are planned as small airports, the aircrafts required will be small

aircrafts, which are cheaper to own and operate.

3.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

At present, there are around 450 used or unused and abandoned airports and

airstrips across India. And several Tier-II or Tier-III cities are still unconnected or

underserved. To enhance and broaden air connectivity, the Government plans to build

nearly 200 low cost airports in the next 20 years. The next boom in the aviation sector is

expected from no-frills airports. The government ensure quick implementation of this idea,

which would help boost tourism, increase economic development as well as give a boost to

the fortunes of LCCs.


19

CHAPTER – IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS

Questionnaire

Percentage Analysis

Table no 4.1.a Respondents Details (Gender):

S.no Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage

1 Male 37 74

2 Female 13 26

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.a Respondent Details (Gender):

INFERENCE:

The sample consists of majority of male respondents.

74%

26%

Gender

Male Female


20

Table no 4.1.b Respondent Details (Age):


1 20 to 25 8 16

2 26 to 35 26 52

3 36 to 45 10 20

4 46 to 55 6 12

5 56 & above 0 0

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.b Respondent Details (Age):

INFERENCE:

The sample consists of mean age range of 36 to 45 and most of the respondents

are in the age group of 26-35.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

20 to 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 56 & above

16

52

2012

0

Age


21

Table no 4.1.c Respondents Details (Place):

S.no Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

1 Tier – 1 10 20

2 Tier – 2 17 34

3 Tier – 3 23 46

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.c Respondents Details (Place):

INFERENCE:

The sample consists of most of respondents from Tier – 3 cities.

0 10 20 30 40 50

Tier – 1

Tier – 2

Tier – 3

20%

34%

46%

Place


22

Table no 4.1.d Respondents Details (Occupation):


1 Government Employee 9 18

2 Business 18 36

3 Student 6 12

4 Private Employee 17 34

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.d Respondents Details (Occupation):

INFERENCE:

The sample shows that most of the respondents work in business.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

GovernmentEmployee

Business Student PrivateEmployee

18

36

12

34

OCCUPATION


23

No-frill Airport Survey Items:

Table no 4.1.1 Chart no 4.1.1

Requirement of snack bars

INFERENCE:

Most of the respondents require snack bars in no-frill airports.


Need for Wi-Fi

INFERENCE:

More than half percentage of respondents need Wi-Fi in no-frill airports.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 41 82

No 9 18

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 29 58

No 21 42

Total 50 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No

82%

18%

Yes58%

No42%


24


Need for cell phone/laptop charging slots

INFERENCE:

Most of the survey respondents need cell phone/laptop charging slots in no-frill

airports.


Requirement of flight information display systems

INFERENCE:

Almost all the respondents require flight information display systems in no-frill

airports.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 34 68

No 16 32

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 46 92

No 4 8

Total 50 100

0 50 100

Yes

No

68%

32%

0

100

Yes No

92%

8%


25


Need of ATM machines

INFERENCE:

Most of the respondents not require ATM machines in no-frill airports.


Do you require air conditioning in check-in area?

INFERENCE:

Many of the respondents not require air conditioning in check-in area of no-frill

airports.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 3 6

No 47 94

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 9 18

No 41 82

Total 50 100

6%

94%

Yes No

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No

18%

82%


26


Do you require air conditioning in security check area?

INFERENCE:

The survey shows that many of the respondents require air conditioning in security check

area of no-frill airports.


Would you like to have parking facilities in the airport?

INFERENCE:

The survey shows that more than half the respondents not require parking facilities

in the no-frill airports.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 36 72

No 14 28

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 19 38

No 31 62

Total 50 100

72%

28%

Yes No

0 50 100

Yes

No

38%

62%


27


Need for car rental services in the no-frill airports

INFERENCE:

Most of the respondents need car rental services in the no-frill airports.


Need for the availability of medical/health assistance

INFERENCE:

The survey shows that the respondents need medical/health assistance in no-frill

airports.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 35 70

No 15 30

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 43 86

No 7 14

Total 50 100

70%

30%

Yes No

Y E S N O

86%

14%


28


Do you think, there is a need for prayer/meditation

Room in the no-frill terminal building?

INFERENCE:

Almost all the respondents not require meditation/prayer room in the no-frill

airports.


Do you need conveyor belts for baggage handling

in the terminal building?

INFERENCE:

Most of the respondents not require conveyor belts for baggage handling in no-

frill terminal building.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 1 2

No 49 98

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 17 34

No 33 66

Total 50 100

2%

98%

Yes No

Y E S

N O

34%

66%


29


Do you require televisions for entertainment

purpose in the waiting hall?

INFERENCE:

This shows that half of the respondents require televisions and almost half of

the respondents not require televisions for entertainment purpose in the waiting hall.


Do you like to have your luggage check manually?

INFERENCE:

This survey shows that almost all the respondents are not interested to check

their luggage manually.

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 28 56

No 22 44

Total 50 100

Particulars No. of

Respondents

Percentage

Yes 4 8

No 46 92

Total 50 100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Yes No

56%

44%

Yes8%

No92%


30

Table no 4.1.15

How often do you travel through air?


1 Weekly 1 2

2 Monthly 29 58

3 Six months 17 34

4 Yearly 3 6

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.15

How often do you travel through air?

INFERENCE:

The survey shows that most of the respondents travel monthly once through air.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Weekly Monthly Six months Yearly

2%

58%

34%

6%


31

Table no 4.1.16

What makes you feel good when you come to an airport?


1 Airport Ambience 4 8

2 Infrastructure 17 34

3 Aircrafts 9 18

4 Customer Service 20 40

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.16

What makes you feel good when you come to an airport?

INFERENCE:

The survey shows that many of the respondents feel good with customer service

and infrastructure while comes to an airport.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Airport Ambience Infrastructure Aircrafts Customer Service

8%

34%

18%

40%


32

Table no 4.1.17

Which airlines you prefer the most for your travel?


1 Leisure 6 12

2 Business 7 14

3 Legacy 4 8

4 LCC 33 66

Total 50 100

Chart no 4.1.17

Which airlines you prefer the most for your travel?

INFERENCE:

The survey shows the respondents prefer mostly low cost carriers for their air

travel.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Leisure Business Legacy LCC

12% 14%8%

66%


33

4.2 STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

T-TEST

H0: Null Hypothesis

There is no significant difference among men and women in their preference

towards various services available at no-frill airports.

H1: Alternative Hypothesis

There is a significant difference among men and women in their preference towards

various services available at no-frill airports.

Table no. 4.2.1

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Gender 50 1.2600 .44309 .06266

Age 50 2.2800 .88156 .12467

Place 50 2.2600 .77749 .10995

Occupation 50 2.6200 1.14089 .16135

Requirement of Snack bars 50 1.1800 .38809 .05488

Need for Wi-Fi 50 1.4200 .49857 .07051

Cell phone charging slots 50 1.3200 .47121 .06664

Flight information display

systems (FIDS) 50 1.0800 .27405 .03876

ATM machines 50 1.9200 .27405 .03876

AC in check-in area 50 1.8200 .38809 .05488

AC in security check-in area 50 1.2800 .45356 .06414

Vehicle parking facilities 50 1.6800 .47121 .06664

Car rental services 50 1.3000 .46291 .06547

Medical assistance 50 1.1400 .35051 .04957

Prayer Room 50 1.9800 .14142 .02000

Conveyor belts 50 1.6400 .48487 .06857

Television 50 1.4200 .49857 .07051

Manual Luggage check 50 1.9000 .30305 .04286

Frequency travel through air 50 2.4400 .64397 .09107

Respondents perception

while comes to an airport 50 2.9000 1.03510 .14639

Air travel preference 50 3.2800 1.10730 .15660


34

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 0

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Gender 20.108 49 .000 1.26000 1.1341 1.3859

Age 18.288 49 .000 2.28000 2.0295 2.5305

Place 20.554 49 .000 2.26000 2.0390 2.4810

Occupation 16.238 49 .000 2.62000 2.2958 2.9442

Snack bars 21.500 49 .000 1.18000 1.0697 1.2903

Need for Wi-Fi 20.139 49 .000 1.42000 1.2783 1.5617

Cell phone charging slots 19.808 49 .000 1.32000 1.1861 1.4539

Flight information display

systems 27.867 49 .000 1.08000 1.0021 1.1579

ATM machines 49.540 49 .000 1.92000 1.8421 1.9979

AC in check-in area 33.161 49 .000 1.82000 1.7097 1.9303

AC in security check-in area 19.956 49 .000 1.28000 1.1511 1.4089

Vehicle parking facilities 25.210 49 .000 1.68000 1.5461 1.8139

Car rental services 19.858 49 .000 1.30000 1.1684 1.4316

Medical assistance 22.998 49 .000 1.14000 1.0404 1.2396

Prayer Room 99.000 49 .000 1.98000 1.9398 2.0202

Conveyor belts 23.917 49 .000 1.64000 1.5022 1.7778

Television 20.139 49 .000 1.42000 1.2783 1.5617

Manual Luggage check 44.333 49 .000 1.90000 1.8139 1.9861

Frequency travel through air 26.792 49 .000 2.44000 2.2570 2.6230

Respondents perception

while comes to an airport 19.811 49 .000 2.90000 2.6058 3.1942

Air travel preference 20.946 49 .000 3.28000 2.9653 3.5947

The test results indicate that there is a significant difference among men and

women, age, place and occupation in their preference towards various services

available at no-frill airports.

Hence the null hypothesis is rejected and alternate hypothesis is accepted.


35

CHAPTER-V

REVENUE STRATIGIES AND DIMENSIONAL

INDICATIONS

5.1 DESCRIPTION OF TERMINAL BUILDING:

Departure & Arrival common waiting hall:

As soon as we enter into the airport there is a departure /arrival waiting hall

common for both departure and arrival passengers and their families accommodating

almost 50 passengers at peak hours. There won’t be any rest rooms are provided instead

water facility is given.

Ticket counters:

Ticket counters are provided just outside the entrance of the terminal building each

5ft x 5ft dimension. This is available for the passenger to buy their air tickets directly from

the airport.

Airlines backup offices:

Three airline backup offices are provided inside the terminal building each with

8ft x 8ft dimension. These offices can be used by the airline operators for their back office

operations.

V.I.P Room:

There is a small V.I.P room provided in the terminal building. It has given modern

interior look with good furniture facilities and also with air conditioning. It can also be used

for airport meetings as there would not be much flow of V.I.P’s from the airport.

Check-in area:

Three check-in counters space is provided for the airlines for passenger check-in

services each 6ft x 8ft. the passenger baggage is screened, weighed and sent directly for

loading into the aircraft.


36

Security check-in:

After the passengers get their boarding passes, they immediately move to the security

check-in area where the passengers hand baggage is checked manually and sent to the

waiting hall to take their flights. It can accommodate almost of 100 passengers at a time.

Here there is a provision of backend transparent wall which gives the outer look of airport

airfield. Also the passengers have rest room facilities and there is a provision for movable

air conditioning systems.

Baggage handling:

Arrival baggage handling is a manual system where there are sequential alignment

given to keep the passenger baggage .whenever the aircraft lands the unloading baggage is

aligned in the allotted spaces and passengers manually find their baggage and move out

through the respective gate.

ATC & Navigation office:

ATC office is set on the top of the terminal which is almost 30ft x 30ft. It is used

for the equipment storage and operation purpose. As the airport is small it includes only

basic avionics i.e. basic navigation & communication equipment’s. Furthermore, the

guidance is provided by the nearby airports if necessary.

ATC tower/ center:

ATC tower which communicates with outbound and inbound aircrafts is again

located on top of the ATC & Navigation office. This tower controls the air traffic from the

terminal building.

Snack bars:

Extra space is provided in the departure waiting halls and also in the security check-in area

for the snack bar or beverages shops. It also provides space for further sections.

Note: space is provided for advertisements and snack bars.


37

Figure 1: TERMINAL BUILDING LAYOUT


38

Figure 2: TOP VIEW OF TERMINAL BUILDING


39

AIRLINE BACKUP OFFICES & BAGGAGE SCANNING & CHECK- IN

V.I.P ROOM COUNTERS

BAGGAGE ARRIVAL SECURITY CHECK-IN AREA


40

Figure 3: FRONT VIEW OF TERMINAL BUILDING


41

5.2 REVENUE THROUGH PSF AND UDF CHARGES:

Assumptions:

No. of flights per day: 3

No. of days calculated: 365 days (1 year)

Table 5.2.1: REVENUE THROUGH PSF & UDF CHARGES

Assumptions:

No. of flights per day: 2

No. of days calculated: 365 days (1 year)

S.NO PSF + UDF

CHARGES(RS)

50 PASSENGERS

(RS)

60 PASSENGERS

(RS)

70 PASSENGERS

(RS)

1 50 2737500 3285000 3832500

2 60 3285000 3942000 4599000

3 70 3832500 4599000 5365500

4 80 4380000 5256000 6132000

5 90 4927500 5913000 6898500

6 100 5475000 6570000 7665000

S.NO PSF + UDF

CHARGES(RS)

50 PASSENGERS

(RS)

60 PASSENGERS

(RS)

70 PASSENGERS

(RS)

1 50 1825000 2190000 2555000

2 60 2190000 2628000 3066000

3 70 2555000 3066000 3577000

4 80 2920000 3504000 4088000

5 90 3285000 3942000 4599000

6 100 3650000 4380000 5110000


42

Table no.5.2.2:

PSF & UDF CHARGES IN OTHER DOMESTIC AIRPORTS:

AIRPORT PASSENGER

SERVICE FEEE

PER PASSENGER

USER

DEVELOPMENT

FEE PER

PASSENGER

TOTAL

Kolkata

Airport

Rs 130/- Rs 449/- Rs 579/-

Chennai

Airport

Rs 130/- Rs 166/- Rs 296/-

Guwahati

Airport

Rs 130/- Rs 332/- Rs 462/-

Lucknow

Airport

Rs 130/- Rs 392/- Rs 522/-

Trivandrum

Airport

Rs 207/- Nil Rs 207/-

Vijayawada

and other

non-major

Airports

Rs 207/- Nil Rs 207/-

DELHI AIRPORT:

SHORT HAUL (UP TO

500KM)

LONG HAUL (MORE

THAN 500KM)

DEPARTING Rs 246/- Rs 490/-

ARRIVING Rs 208/- Rs 415/-

TOTAL Rs 654/- Rs 905/-


43

5.3 REVENUE THROUGH ROUTE NAVIGATION

FACILITY CHARGES (RNFC):

a) RNFC for Landing Flights: RNFC = Rs. (R x D x W)

R = Rs.4620/-

D = √ (GCD/100) with GCD cap as 1200 NM

W = √ (AUW/50000) with AUW cap as 2, 00,000 Kilograms

b) RNFC for Overflying = Rs. (R x D x W) + Rs. 4,400/-

c) RNFC for Small Aircrafts registered in India:

Route Navigation Facility Charges in respect of aircrafts with maximum All-Up-

Weight:-

i Up to 10,000 Kgs Shall be levied @ 20% of the applicable rates of weight–cum–

distance formula

ii More than 10,000 Kgs to 20,000 Kgs shall be levied @ 40% of the applicable rates of

weight-cum-distance formula.

Abbreviations used:

R=Service Unit Rate

D=Distance Factor

W=Weight Factor

GCD= Great Circle Distance in NM

AUW = All Up Weight of aircraft in Kilograms.


44

5.4 REVENUE THROUGH TERMINAL NAVIGATIONAL

LANDING CHARGES (TNLC):

Table no. 5.4.1

Domestic Flights:

Weight of Aircraft (Amount in Rs.)

Up to 10,000 kgs Rs.9.90 per 1,000 kgs

10,001 kgs to 20,000 kgs Rs. 99/- Plus Rs. 15.40/- per 1,000 kgs in excess of 10,000 kgs

Over 20,000 kgs Rs. 253/- Plus Rs. 30.80 per 1,000 kgs in excess of 20,000 kgs

Note:

Charges shall be calculated on the basis of nearest MT (i.e. 1000 kgs.)

For Small Domestic Aircrafts (MTOW up to 21000 Kgs.) TNLC shall be @ Rs 110/-

per 1000 Kgs. (Since TNLC rate for Small Domestic aircraft is a concessional rate,

there is no further concession/reduction for Small Domestic Aircrafts).

SPECIAL PROVISIONS (AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES):

1) Airside User Charges applicable to Category-I Flying Clubs/Flying Schools – Flying

Clubs/Flying Training Organizations registered as educational societies and operating on no

profit no loss basis (Category-I flying clubs/flying training institutes as per DGCA list) will be

levied nominal charges @ 10% of Normal rates. Normal Rates in context of airport charges

means Charges at full rates without any discount or concessions. Hence, Flying clubs/flying

training institutes coming under Category-I shall be charged @ 10% current full charges for

RNFC & TNLC.

2) RNFC rates applicable to small aircrafts registered in India with All-Up-Weight up to 20,000

Kgs & below are concessional/discounted rates. Hence, these rates shall not be considered while

working out 10% nominal charges applicable to Category-I Flying Clubs/Flying Training

Institutes.

3) Airside User Charges applicable to Category-II Flying Clubs/Flying Schools – There is

no specific concession for Category-II Flying Clubs/Flying Schools. However, concession


45

available to small aircrafts registered in India shall also be applicable to Category-II Flying

Clubs/Flying Schools.

5.5 REVENUE THROUGH AIRLINE COUNTERS AND

BACKUP OFFICES:

Table no. 5.5.1:

S.NO PARTICULARS AIRLINES PER MONTH PER YEAR

1 Ticket counters 3 Rs 6000/- Rs 72000/-

2 Airline Backup office 3 Rs 9000/- Rs 108000/-

5.6 REVENUE THROUGH PARKING & ENTRY CHARGES:

Entry Fee:

Bike : Rs 10/-

Car : Rs 25/-

Bus : Rs 50/-

Table no. 5.6.1: Vehicle Parking Charges

HOURS TWO WHEELER FOUR WHEELER

0-2 Hours Rs 15/- Rs 35/-

2-5 Hours Rs 30/- Rs 75/-

5-10 Hours Rs 50/- Rs 100/-

10-15 Hours Rs 60/- Rs 150/-

15-24 Hours Rs 75/- Rs 200/-

Note: Entry fee is exempted for the parking vehicles.

PARTICULARS AIRCRAFTS

PER DAY

COST PER COUNTER

PER AIRCRAFT

TOTAL COST

PER YEAR

Check-in counters 3 Rs 300/- Rs 328500/-


46

5.7 DIMENSIONS OF TERMINAL BUILDING

Table no. 5.7.1

DEPARTURE

Ticket counters 5ft x 5ft (each)

Airlines backup offices 8ft x 8ft (each)

V.I.P Room 10ft x 8ft

Entrance door 7ft height x 5ft length

Grill gate 4ft x 4ft

Baggage scanning area 8ft x 4ft

Check-in counters 6ft x 8ft (each)

Total area for check-in counters 20ft x 8ft

Total check-in area 30ft x 60ft

Security check entry & out door 7ft height x 5ft length

Security check cabin for ladies 4ft x 5ft

Rest rooms (security check area) 10ft x16ft (each)

Total security check area 60ft x 50ft

Departure & Arrival common

waiting hall

60ft x 30ft

Total Departure Area: 90ft x 80ft

ARRIVAL

ATC & Navigation offices 30ft x 20ft

ATC tower/ communication center 20ft x 20ft

Arrival entry & exit doors 7ft height x 5ft length

Baggage arrival area(total) 30ft x 40ft

Snack bar/Restaurant 20ft x 20ft

Total Arrival Area: 30ft x 80ft

TOTAL TERMINAL BUILDING: 120ft x 80ft


47

HEIGHT:

Height of the terminal building – 12ft

ATC & Navigation offices - 10ft

ATC communication center - 8ft


48

CHAPTER-VI

6.1 FINDINGS

Revenue for the Airport (i.e. PSF & UDF) has been studied and thus projected in

five different variations where the Airport Authority can fix their charges.

As land is very basic requirement for construction of Airports and is easily not

available, there has been given the priority for reducing land space within limited

constraints.

As the project deals with the creative ideas, it makes to go for simple construction

systems and made to think for flexible building that means to dismantle and expand

at any stage for its future development.

From the observations and professional inputs I found that it is better to give a

common waiting hall for both Departure and Arrival passengers.

With the survey study conducted most of the passengers are against to the manual

baggage checking and thus there is a need for installation of baggage screening

machines in the airport terminal.

While parking is the most important need for any airport and it should come under

the given land constraints. For this purpose a number of slots with 45 degree

inclination are given where the car parking system becomes easier and rather less

space is used for this purpose.

No-Frills Airports development is planned within the budget constraints given by

the government.

Passenger survey showed that most of them choose to travel through Low cost

carriers and the no-frills airport are one such thing which encourages the

involvement of LCC’s.

Airline operators gave a positive nod for the development of No-Frills Airports.

The current project is a profit making plan and with development of no-frill airports

there would be a gradual development in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities like; increase in

industrialization, passenger movements, employment opportunities, etc.


49

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

X-ray Scanning machines are necessary for baggage checking process.

As Air Conditioners are eliminated for no-frills airports. It is recommended that

movable Air-conditioners are used as per the passenger’s request.

As the Aircraft parking charges are very less or say it is negligible. Therefore

charging the airlines with Aircraft parking charges can be ruled out as it does not

make any revenue.

As the terminal building is very small within the given land constraints it is

recommended that the ATC tower could be installed on top of the terminal building

instead going for choosing different location.

Terrace garden is recommended for a warm appearance for the passengers and it

gives a very good aesthetic look for the airport.

Usage of Solar energy for generation of electricity to the whole terminal which

reduces the cost of electricity to the airport authority.

VIP room is given in the airport terminal as it is mandatory for welcoming any

delegates in/to the airport. Also sometimes this room can also be used for official

meetings.

As the ATC is provided with very small avionic equipment’s for communication

and navigation purposes it is recommended that further guidance for the aircrafts

landing/takeoff can be taken from the nearby airport radar systems if needed.

Allocation for Advertising boards inside/outside of the terminal building which

brings out additional revenue to the airport authority.

Awnings are used for covering front end of the terminal building which is a flexible

system that can be simply removed and cleaned at any point of time. Also this

system can be used for commercial advertisings by any agency through a contract

basis.


50

6.3 CONCLUSION

India being an aviation hub has many untapped markets i.e. (Tier-II and Tier-III cities)

where the air travel is not in reach for travelers. But then, there are potential passengers

who can afford air travel. Also, the business is increasing with much industrialization and

IT sector popping up in India there could be an added advantage for the development of

airports in those areas.

To make every citizen with the availability of air travel and reach of airports to their nearest

locations Indian government is planning for No-Frills Airports (i.e. Low Cost Airports) in

tier –II and tier -III cities with less cost both for Airline operators and Passengers. Here the

passengers are provided with the basic services and everything they need extra is charged.

Therefore an attempt has been made to give a creative ideas for these No-Frills Airport

planning where all the limitations for cost and space is reduced (within the estimated

budget) thus making the decision cost effective by using effective and flexible systems for

the development of No- Frills Airports.


51

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.aai.aero

en.wikipedia.org

www.dgca.org

Airport Engineering by Rangwala

Principles of Airport Economics by P S Senguttuvan

http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/no-frills-airports-for-

affordable-regional-connectivity

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/ap-plans-

international-airport-near-vizag/article6986799.ece

http://www.aai.aero/

http://www.dgca.org/

http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/no-frills-airports-for-affordable-regional-connectivity

http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/no-frills-airports-for-affordable-regional-connectivity

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/ap-plans-international-airport-near-vizag/article6986799.ece

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/ap-plans-international-airport-near-vizag/article6986799.ece


52

APPENDIX

DESIGN AND CREATIVE IDEAS FOR NO-FRILLS (LOW COST) AIRPORTS

IN TIER-II AND TIER-III CITIES

QUESTIONNIARE

NO-FRILL AIRPORT SURVEY ITEMS

YES

NO 1. Requirement of snack bars

2. Need for Wi-Fi

3. Need for cell phone/laptop charging points

4. Requirement of Flight information display systems(FIDS)

5. Need of ATM machines

6. Do you require Air conditioning in check-in area

7. Do you require Air conditioning in Security-check/waiting hall area

8. Would you like to have parking facilities in the airport

9. Need for car rental services in the airport

10. Need for the availability of medical/health assistance

11. Do you think, there is a need for prayer/meditation room in the terminal

building

12. Do you need conveyor belts for baggage handling in the terminal building

13. Do you require televisions for entertainment purpose in the waiting hall

14 Do you like to have your luggage check-in manually

15) How often do you travel through air?

⃝ Weekly ⃝ monthly ⃝ six months ⃝ yearly

16) What makes you feel good when you come to an airport?

⃝ Airport Ambience ⃝ Infrastructure ⃝ Aircrafts ⃝ customer service

17) Which airlines you prefer the most for your travel?

⃝ Leisure ⃝ Business ⃝ Legacy ⃝ LCC

COMMENTS ON NO-FRILL AIRPORTS? IF ANY

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Information

Name:

Gender: M / F Age: Place (Home Town):

Occupation: Mobile (optional):

Email id:

Rajiv Babu Chintala

Email Id: [email protected]

Mobile: 9441449900

design and creative ideas for no-frills airports in tier-ii & tier-iii cities

Documents

frill airports

project deals

project report

revenue stratigies

nofrills low cost airports

airport terminal facilities

revenue generation strategies

atc requirements