design and detail report
TRANSCRIPT
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
project outline
client
urban context - high street 2012
high street 2012 initiatives
64-68 whitechapel high street
proposed site
project timeline
urban context - failing high street
urban context - encroaching development
urban strategy - historical grain
urban strategy - high street
programme
KEY SPACES
high street
market area
exhibition space
cinema suspended
energy cells
gym - visual connection
greenhouse - energy cultivation
circulation
scheme diagram
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS
basement plan
ground floor plan
first floor plan
second floor planthird floor plan
section a
section b
perspective section c
perspective section d
SUPERSTRUCTURE
basement & ground floor
steel frame & circulation
pods & cinema
facade
steel frame
FACADE
facade render
elgin marbles precedent
historical photos
breaking down facade
recreating the facade
recreating the facade cont.
moment connections
key views - aldgate east
key views - osborn street
key views - whitechapel high street
GROUND FLOOR
link to high street
market
exhibition space
transformation
CIRCULATION
external space
movement
foyerstructure
pressure pads
exposed services
lighting strategy - day
lighting strategy - night
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.37.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.43.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
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1.3 URBAN CONTEXT - HIGH STREET 2012
the high street 2012 project was initially
conceived to enhance the proposed marathon
route for the london 2012 games. the marathon
was to pass along the a11 [whitechapel high
street] to the olympic park in stratford.
the marathon route has since been changed and
will no long end in the olympic park and will
not enter east london at all. however the high
street 2012 project is still going ahead to
enhance what will be one of the main routes to
the olympic stadium for spectators and officials
visiting the games but staying in central london.
original london 2012 marathon route
aldgate
n
central london
olympic park
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whitechapel high st.
St.Botolph
St.
commercialSt.
lema
n
St.
manse
llst.
A
a. braham street park
braham street park was completed in february 2010, funded by private
sector s106 contributions and the lda. the new park sits on what was
previously part of a busy road system and now provides a more tranquil
space for local residents, visitors and people who work in the area.
high street 2012
braham street park sits on a narrow strip of land, flanked on both
sides by tall office buildings. the park has a very corporate feel, the
hard landscaping and sharp angled lines within the design of the park
mimic those found within the city of london to the west. it is sold as a
park for residents but it is sparsely populated with smokers from the
adjoining office buildings and the occasional person eating their lunch.
it is overshadowed for most of the day by the surrounding buildings and
has no link the whitechapel high street itself. it is not obvious to anyone
passing along the high street that there is even a park there.
the high street 2012 route was split geographical sections and the
partners identified area based initiatives for each of those areas. the
proposed site falls within the aldgate section of the high street where
the following projects have been undertaken.
b. 64-68 whitechapel high street
improvement works to the six buildings were concentrated on the front
elevations and parts of the buildings that faced the high street. the
buildings have benefitted from extensive conservation repair
high street 2012
the project involved the complete rebuilding of the two facades that face
onto whitechapel high street, the original brickwork had been render over
and the stonework damaged and removed. the render and original brick
work was completely stripped off the elevation and new brick slips put in
place. the project was more of a rebuild than a restoration with new stone
work and mouldings being created using historic photographs to mimic the
original building. there were no alterations to the interiors, or the rear
elevations of the building, the project was merely a facelift.
c. alt
a series o
tree plant
seating ar
stand on t
the park w
aimed to r
a communit
dig were u
created a
what was t
and appre
has been.
1.4 HIGH STREET 2012 INITIATIVES
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1.5 64-68 WHITECHAPEL HIGH STREET
improvement works to the six buildings were
concentrated on the front elevations and parts
of the buildings that faced the high street.
the buildings have benefitted from extensive
conservation repair.high street 2012
the works to 64- 68 whitechapel high street were
concentrated on the parts of the building that
will be seen during the 2012 olympics, on the
route from the city to the olympic park.
they are creating a false facade which they have
created based on photos and documents from the
past. they claim they are restoring the building
to its former glory but they are only creating an
impression of an idealised past. by recladding the
facades of the building the buildings only mimic
what they once were; they are no longer used
in the same way and their context has changed.
the past is always looked on as a better time
but realistically times were just as hard, if not
harder back when the buildings were constructed;
the area was full of some of the worst slums in
london.
replicating history is entirely different to retaining
history. mimicking history cannot replicate the
layers of history that build up on a building over
its lifetime. rebuilding a facade completely removes
these historical layers. conservation allows
historical layers to build up whilst maintaining
the original fabric. the proposed works are not
conservation but a pastiche, creating a disneyfied
version of the past.
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n
conservation area
site
whitech
apel
highstreet
osbornstreet
0 0100 200m
C
D
B
A
E
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1.7 PROJECT TIMELINE
the project is set two years in the past, in 2010, when the it was announced that the
london 2012 marathon route was no longer passing along the a11 through east london
and was going to take place in central london instead. the project envisages that after
this announcement the funding for the high street 2012 project aimed at improving the
high streets along the original marathon route is dramatically reduced. therefore the
projects that were originally proposed on the route are suspended until new investors
come forward to take on the projects.
already involved in the london 2012 olympics as the official energy s
are looking to undertake projects along the olympic route and dec
project at 64-68 whitechapel high street. the tight timescale between p
the start of the olympic games when it must be completed and ready fo
of effects on the professional context of the project which are descr
the report.
february 2009high street 2012 project initiated
july 2008
london wins olympic games
may 2010
announcement
that london 2012
marathon route
no longer passing
through east london
may 2010
funding for
restoration works to
64-68 whitechapel
high street cut.
all proposed works
cancelled
aug 2010
edf energy, as official
energy supplier to the
london 2012 games,
come forward as new
investor.
new brief formed for
a building powered by
movement.
nov 2010application submitted
to local authority for
revised scheme.
feb 2011
planning approva
received for rev
scheme
june 2010
site start date for
works to 64-68
whitechapel high
street
nov 2010
works to 64-68
whitechapel high
street completed
jan 2010
planning permission
granted for works
to 64-68 whitechapel
high street
redefined timeline for this project
actual timeline
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n
high street 1
high street 1
high street 2
the only unchanged use 1841 -2
pubs/restaurantsgroceries/dairy/butchers
fabricschemist
clothingprinting
financialother
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1.9 URBAN CONTEXT ENCROACHING DEVELOPMENT
CENTRAL HOUSE LONDON METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
central house marks the point on the high street that the largescale, high rise office buildings of the city meet the smaller
scale buildings of the high street. at 6 storeys it acts as an
intermediate between the two.
PROPOSED SITE
the proposed site is the first
set of surviving historical
buildings on the south side
of the road as you travel
east along whitechapel high
street.
PLANNING APPLICATION PA/08
this site has planning permissi
which will provide 84,305sq.m
retail use. once built it wil
character of the high street
for 5 years and closed off
detrimental effect on the high
prior to their demolition the
summit sports centre serving t
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th
hibl
st
fa
st
th
an
be
br
bo
bu
an
gi
re
pr
of
th
a
af
by
re
st
1
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2.2 MA
the open g
area durin
of market
and go an
usually ot
plots. unl
were previ
never be
their good
reinvigora
in decline.
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at night th
the groun
space for
the doubl
of the cin
installatio
structure
the under
used to pr
the exhibit
the ticket
transluce
centre ofpeople into
2.3 EXH
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the gym pods, bar and greenhouses will be
constructed as cells which combine in the
steel frame to create a battery of energy
producing components.
2.5 ENERGY CELLS
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the cells will be constructed from
translucent panels which will a light
internal environment but will also allow a
visual connection between their interiors
and the high street. the translucent panelswill only allow the shadows of movement to
be visible, giving an implied idea of motion
within the building but not make it feel like a
gold fish bowl for the users.
when the pods are in use at night the internal
lights will make them glow identifying which
pods are being used to create energy. the
pods will shut down when not in use.
2.6 GYM VISUAL CONNECTION
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th
bu
al
te
feth
wh
to
ou
th
ma
2.
north
noon
north
north
noon
noon
n
greenhouse pods
market area
winter sunpath
autumn/spring sunpath
summer sunpath
gym pods
cinema
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2.9 SCHEME DIAGRAM
n
greenhouse pods
tickets/reception
market/exhibition area
bar
basement plant and service areas
gym pods
circulation/foyer
cinema
vertical circulation
roof
second floor
first floor
ground floor
basement
area schedule [m2]
market/exhibition space
tickets/reception
circulation/foyer
bar
gym pods
greenhouse pods
external rooftop growing area
cinema
basement:
changing/wcs
office
storage
plant
322
12
140
25
140
100
140
90
80
15
68
67
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A B
D
E
C
D D D
DF
G
H
J
LMNO
I
K
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R
RR
R
QC
P
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S
V U U U U
U
C
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S
V U U U U
U
C
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X
Y
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3.6 SECTION A 1:100
exhibition storemarket storeliftrooflight aboveunheated corridorofficefood storemale changing/showersmale wcsfemale changing/showersfemale wcsurine electrolysishydrogen combustionenergy storeventilation plantmarket/exhibition space
tickets/receptionrooflight to basementmesh walkwaycinemagym podsbarexternal growing spaceheated greenhouses
ABCDEFGHIJKLMnop
qrstuvxy
B M
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U
U S
S
YX
T
E
R
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P
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YYYYY
HJLMNO
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T
YYYY
JLMNO
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3.9
ex
ma
lif
ro
un
of
fo
ma
ma
fe
fe
ur
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
U
UT
P
I H E
S
F
YX
S
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4.1 BASEMENT & GROUND FLOOR
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basement
the basement will be constructed from in situ reinforced concrete. although a
basement already existing on the site this will be dug out and completely rebuilt
to create a stable base for the new building that can support all the new loads.
the basement will be constructed as two large concrete spaces separated by
a concrete corridor. the basement partitions will be constructed from timber
studs allowing for flexibility in the space in the future
ground floor
the ground floor will be constructed from a o
slab with integral supporting beams. it will sp
walls and the central corridor walls on the
will be positioned in the basement where extra
4.2 STEEL FRAME & CIRCULATION
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steel frame
a braced steel frame will provide the super-structure for the
building above ground. the steel frame will sit along the lines of the
concrete basement walls and on the lines of the floor slab beams to
create a continuity of the structural load forces.
circulation walkways
the circulation walkways will sit on the steel
be constructed of galvanized steel to differen
steel frame. they will be one of the first parts
allowing the construction team platforms to w
4.3 PODS AND CINEMA
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cinema
the cinema will be suspended in a void in the steel super-structure.
it will hanging from the third floor section of the steel frame and
be braced back to the frame at a lower level. its shell will be a
lightweight steel construction, braced to create a rigid box.
pods
the gym, bar and greenhouse pods will be con
insulated kalwall panels within a lightweigh
floors and roofs will all be constructed from
quick, simple construction. they will be su
superstructure with bolted bracket connectio
4.4 FACADE
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facade
the historic facade panels will be precast concrete and will be
craned into place on site and bolted with movement joints to the
steel frame.
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5.1 FACADE RENDER
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niall mclaughlin architects have undertaken
a project at the london 2012 olympic park
where they have clad the building with casts
concrete friezes of the elgin marbles from the
parthenon. the elgin marbles which are housed
at the british museum, were digitally scanned
then grp lined rubber moulds were produced
for the concrete casting process. the casts
were made using a white cement to give them a
brighter appearance.
the casts elude to a history without becoming
a pastiche of the parthenon. this projects
has the same aim to recreate and celebrate a
historical facade on whitechapel high street
that sits within a conservation area. the facade
will be recreated in concrete casts and broken
up to elude to the history of the site by turning
the facade into more of a sculpture than a
pastiche.
The Parthenon stones were made in a particular
place at a particular time. Their deracination
and constant re-idealisation has made them into
something else something iconic that people
recognise, like a picture of Elvis
niall mclaughlin, concrete quarterly
autumn 2011
5.2 ELGIN MARBLES PRECEDENT
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the historical facade of 64-68 whitechapel
high street has disappeared, only the
structure of the facade remains. the
historical stonework and window frames have
been removed or damaged over time. to create
casts of the facade as it was constructed
a virtual 3d model will be produced which
can then be used to create moulds for the
casting of the concrete panels
5.3 HISTORICAL PHOTOS
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5.5 RECREATING FACADE
expanded polystyrene moulds will be cnc cut using the virtual 3d model.
due to the variety of different casts required it would not be worth
creating rubber or grp moulds as each mould will only be used a maximumof three times. once the moulds have been used they will be recycled
where they can be broken down and used in the packaging industry or as
an additive in lightweight concrete.
steel fixing brackets will be added to the mould before the concrete is
poured.
the mould will be cast from a white cement to emphasise the play of light
across the historical details. the fixing brackets will be cast into the
precast panels
the precas
building.
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5.6 RECREATING FACADE
the facade panels will be fixed to a steel i section ring beam that willterminate the cantilevered sections of the projecting steel frame.
the facade panels will be fixed using two types of connection. the bottomconnection will be load bearing and the top connections will be for
restraint. the bottom connection is made up of a steel plate, strengthened
with flanges which bolts directly to the steel frame. the steel plate is
drilled with elongated bolt holes to allow for alignment of the panel
and steel structure. the top connections do not take any load but just
tie the panels back to the frame. they allow movement in three directions
via the elongated bolt holes and nylon or teflon washers. the aim of the
top connections is to decouple the different movement of the steel from
that of the concrete.
single glathe window
actually b
rhythm of
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to support the proj
the steel structure
to do this the ste
out of the facad
the columns using
effectively create a
tied back all the w
allowing it to cant
required to create
the perpendicular s
in the adjacent imabeams are cantileve
5.7 MOMENT CO
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ALDGATE
EAST
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OSB
ORN
STREET
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5.10 KEY MASSING
WHITECHAPE
on the main route to
west elevation will a
approach closer and tit will become more ob
has been morphed int
WHITECHAPEL
HIGH
STREET[WEST]
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the
flo
sec
high
the
str
be a
loc
hapto h
6.1
A
B
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6.2 MARKET
C
visual connection to walkways abovediffused light coming through gym pods abovewhite painted steel frame allows colours ofmarket to define the spacesteel frame allows traders to hang objects
cinema blackback of site oplots will besmall plots plots at the m
ABC
D
efgh
B
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6.3 EXHIBITION SPACE
A
E
F
G
C
cinema ticket office glows and acts as a beacothe gym pods glow when in use identifying ththere is energy being created within them.the high street lighting leaks into the buildinblurring the buildings boundary.
AB
C
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ground floor
basement
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the circulation space will be external space
that cuts through the centre of the building.
this happens for two reasons; to reduce the
heating load on the building and its energy
consumption by making the circulation space
unheated and open to the elements and also
to continue the theme of breaking down the
boundaries between the building and the high
street. whilst moving through the building
you will feel the wind and elements reminding
you that the building is conceived as an open
structure for the local community that is
one with the high street.
7.1 EXTERNAL SPACE
n
market area
circulation walkways
external space
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at the we
on the f
walkways
end pods
are bars
grown in
be sold
healthy,
convert i
in turn ca
these spa
cinema u
directly
space un
7.3 FO
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A
b
c
i
j
k
def
gh
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the walkways will generate
people pass across them.
of walkway will be support o
pressure pads which will ea
electricity as someone walks
walkway. the pressure pads wil
electric materials which crea
as a mechanical force is app
more information on the techn
pressure pads is included in
systems section of this report
7.5 PRESSURE PADS
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the service runs o
the circulation ro
that the people pa
become part of th
so the circulation
the exposed serv
the energy system
retro fitted with
develop and test t
7.6 EXPOSED
A
E
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B
B
C
C
C
C
G
F
diffuse daylight from the north
daylight enters pods through
translucent kalwall panels
kalwall panels diffuse the light into
the interior of the pods
light from inside pod is diffused into
circulation zone
direct sunlight from south
greenhouse pods heated by solar gain
from direct sunlight from south
mesh walkway between greenhouses onroof acts as solar shade to shade gym
pods below
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
7.7 LIGHTING STRATEGY - DAY
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the circulation spaces will
light tubes to create a low
solution. the lights will be
pressure pads which will
lighting . this means the lig
the movement of people throu
at night creating a visual of t
the lights will be fitted with s
they only light the area of ci
them that the movement is tak
shade will also provide pro
light from the elements as t
is external space. the lights external grade.
the lights will be on a timer w
off after a short period of tim
also be fitted with light sens
not activated by people walk
walkways during the day.
7.8 LIGHTING STRATEGY
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grchemical energy [food]
electrical energy
JUICE
BAR
chemicalenergy>kineticenergy
kineticenergy
>electricalenergy
grownproduce>highenergyjuices
GYMPODS
electrical energy to rest of building
the pods are the main areas of
energy production, there are 3
types of pod in the building; the
greenhouses which are used to
test out growing technologies in
the tight urban environment of the
site, the juice bars that convert
the grown produce into high energy
drinks and food to be consumer by
the users of the gym pods where
the energy they expel is converted
into electrical energy and heat to
power the building.
8.1 ENERGY CELLS
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the diagrams above show the relative
locations of the 3 types of pods
gym pods juice bar pods greenhouse
8.2 PODS KEY
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kalwall is the most highly insulating, diffuse
light-transmitting, structural composite
technology in the world. the company has
perfected a unique composite sandwich
panel that combines controlled, usable,
natural daylight with the ultimate in energy
efficiency. lightweight, shatterproof, and
rapidly installed, kalwall has unrivalled
structural integrity... kalwall can be an
entire freestanding structure.
http://www.kalwall.com/about.htm
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the specification for the gym pods will be
a panel with a high insulation value, low
solar heat gain coefficient and medium light
transmission value [the solar heat gain
coefficient increases with light transmission
so a medium light transmission value with give
a low heat gain coefficient but still provide
the translucent qualities required]
this specification would be a 100mm thick
panel with the white coating to the exterior
face and crystal coating to the interior
face with fibreglass insulation which would
provide a u-value of 0.20 w/m2
k, a lighttransmission value of 18% and heat gain
coefficient of 0.24.
acrylic face sheets impregnated
with pigment
translucent fibreglass insulation
thermally broken aluminium is grid
core
a
b
c
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fram
supe
unde
sect
shap
fram
hole
fram
on t
in th
bracin 3
to t
allo
supe
bearing bracket
restraint bracket
8.6
A
B
B
A
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the
that
day
be a
crea
lighglow
be p
glow
and
link
the
dire
they
so t
pod
wal
so t
in t
ligh
8.7
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the pods w
services w
sections o
modified towill be fitt
both the i
can be at
required.
the servic
and outpu
and ventil
component
arrangeme
the buildin
to be cha
disconnec
plug-in pa
this will a
energy cr
the buildin
8.8 PLU
A
B
C
D
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A
D
E
B
C
the gym pods will be mechanica
to allow greater control than
ventilation system. the pods wispaces heated only by the bod
users and the heated produced
machines.
cool external air, or air from t
cooling system when the
temperature is high, will be ent
low level and will be warmed b
the gym [the average person g
of heat whilst exercising] and
air will be extracted through a
at high level. the extracted a
utilised to heat other parts o
8.9 HEATING & COOLING
mechanical ventilation inlet a
heat produced form bodies an
air warmed by bodies and equwarm air extracted at high le
insulated kalwall panels sto
a
b
cd
e
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the cinema is designed
rest of the building. this all about movement
visualising movement
and the energy creati
linked to it.
the cinema is a place
area of the building t
energy without creati
is effectively the part
leaches off the rest o
the rest of the buildin
and open the cinema is a
the cinema is designed
that hangs within a voi
clad in black to creat
it and the light in the
9.1 HANGING ABO
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the suspended cinema structure w
constructed from a steel shell. steel
strong in tension which is important
designing a hanging structure.
the shell will be made up of a series of
rings constructed from rolled steel se
the roof and floor beams which have a m
span of 8m will be constructed from
deep castellated beams. by cutting a sta
beam to create a castellated beam its d
almost doubled whilst its self weight r
the same. in the hanging structure the we
the structure is very important so a caste
9.2 STRUCTURE - SHELLabcd
600mm castellated steel beam200mm uc rolled steel i sectionsteel c section cross bracing to all bays, except;steel c section symmetrical portal bracing to bays with door openings
A
B C
D
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to suspend the cinema the steel super-
structure of the building will need to be
braced. by cross bracing the bays above the
cinema the third floor structure that spans
across the void that the cinema hangs in
will effectively become a 1 storey deep beam
creating a rigid structure to suspend the
cinema from. a hanging structure will always
have a tendency to swing or displace underforce so the cinema structure, as well as
being hung from the structure above, will
be braced to the structure below to prevent
any movement.
cross
9.3 SUSPENDED WITHIN FRAME
the drawing shows one of the rings that
9.4 STRUCTURE - SUSPENSIONB
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the drawing shows one of the rings that
will create the cinema shell and how it
is suspended within the void in the steel
superstructure. the rings of the cinema
structure will be constructed individually
and hung with the super-structure before
being braced together to create the shell of
the cinema.
each ring will be suspended from three
points from the structure above. the points
of suspension will be on nodes where thebracing of the frame above meets vertical
elements of the steel frame. these will be
the strongest points of the frame where the
loads can be transferred most efficiently.
to match the wedge shaped cinema space the
structure above has been splayed from the
regular grid so that the suspension points
follow the shape of the cinema below.
each ring will be braced to the superstructure
at a lower level to prevent it displacing
under loads.
steel ring section of cinema structure
cross bracing of steel frame super-
structure
bracing node of super-structure
cinema structure connected to super-
structure at nodes
cinema structure braced to super-
structure at low level
A
B
C
D
E
E
A
D
C
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A
D
D
B
C
B
C
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the hall will be
construction, th
internal acoustica
external claddin
will be of a t
decoupled from acoustic suspens
a layer of acous
two building elem
of noise through
a layer of insula
internal timber fr
noise. to further
the external cl
resilient channel
the wall, floor a
clad in fibre ceme
appearance of a s
to contrast the c
building. it will b
facades as it wil
exposed to the el
9.6 EXPLODE
A
B
C
D
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E
G
H
I
J
F
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ABCDEFGHIJKLMN
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LKJIHGFEDCBA
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eternit natura fibre cement cla
aluminium z resilient fixing ch50mm aluminium channel fixingwaterproof membrane & 18mm w152mm uc steel column5Omm softwood timber studs i
100mm insulation board behin50mm insulation board betwee18mm plywood sheathing to br50mm perforated timber insula480mm castellated steel beam
a
bcdefghijk
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th
a
h
th
tw
th
fr
a
ti
pr
th
h
st
a
a
480mm castellated steel beamresilient channel floor hangetimber joists with integrated h150mm insulation board betwegypsum board22mm tongue and groove plywohardwood timber floor
kLmnopq
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A B D C K L
H
C
D
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the cinema space will be heated by the body heat
of the users of the gym pods. the air from the gym
pods will be mechanical extracted form the pods
and will be passed through a heat exchange
where it will warm cool fresh air which will then
be mechanically ventilated into the cinema at low
level. stale air will be extracted at high leve
from the cinema.
9.13 HEATING SCHEMATIC
A
BE
F
G
warm air extracted for gym pods
warm air from gym pods ducted to heat
exchange unit in basement
high level extract duct for exhaust air
from gym pods after it passes through heat
exchanger
high level inlet for fresh air
cool external air passes through hea
exchanger where it is warmed by the warm ai
extracted from the gym pods
warmed air enters cinema at low leve
providing the space heating
stale air extracted from the cinema at hig
levelexhaust air outlet for stale cinema air.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
warm air routes
external air inlet
exhaust air outlet
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9.15 HALL VENTILATION - COOLING
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realistically the hall should only need to be heated for short
periods of time, once it is filled with over 100 people their combined
body heat should keep the space at a warm temperature. the cooling
system will be used to stop the cinema overheating when it is filled
with people.
when the external air temperature is lower than the required
comfort temperature inside the building [17o - 20o] then fresh
outside air can be ventilated into the cinema space to reduce the
internal temperature. this will be ventilated at different speedsdepending on the relative temperatures of the external air and the
internal environment - if the external air temperature is very low
and the hall is not at full capacity the air change in the hall will
be lower than if the external air temperature is higher and the hall
is at capacity.
cooling with external air evaporative cooling
when the external air temperature is higher or very simila
temperature of the cinema then cooling using untreated
not be possible. the building will use an evaporative coo
adds a mist of water vapour to the external air before it en
the water vapour takes some of the heat out of the air
then cool air enters the cinema to cool the space. the sy
like the human body uses sweat to cool down, as the s
from the body it removes heat from the surface of the s
fits with the overall concept of the building which takes
production from the movement and interaction of the huit [more information on evaporative cooling is contain
systems section of this report]. the high level extract
as it is warmed in the space and ensures a sufficient air
moisture in the air building up in the space.
9.16 PART M
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access to the cinema spac
points, one at first floo
bottom of the seating rak
the cinema and the other a
cinema into the top row
floor is accessible by the l
and two ambulant disabled
part m of the building reg
the requirement for whee
auditorium spaces. in aud
up to 600 people the req
1% [rounded up to a who
seating is given over to wh
the cinema seats 125 peopl
spaces will be required. pa
that where this number is l
must be a sufficient numb
seats so that the numbe
spaces can be increased to
wheelchair spaces are 900
removable sea
permanent whe
9.16 PART M
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10.1 THE BODY
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on a daily basis our average daily intake
of energy is between 7030 - 10250 kj
[1680 - 2450 kcal]. we use this to maintain
passive bodily functions such as breathing
, for physical activity and for growth and
repair of our tissues. energy is never lost
or created, it is just transferred between
different mediums so the energy we take in
must be expelled by the body.
the body converts the chemical energy taken
on as food into sound, heat and kinetic
energy. this building aims to harness some of
the energy expelled by the body and convert
it into useful energy to power and heat the
building.
a body heat
the body gives off two kinds of heat, radiated
heat and sweat. sweat is hard to capture
and would require a lot of energy to do so
making it an inefficient system. radiated heat
however can be used to heat spaces and the
air within them. the air it heats can be moved
around a building via ducts to heat other
spaces.
a human body at rest gives of about 100wof power, whilst a body working out will give
off three times the amount, 300w.
b breathing
masks have been developed that convert the
wind energy from heavy breathing during
exercise into electrical energy. it is the
equivalent of a small scale wind farm.
c motor movements
the kinetic energy involved in the motor
movements of the human body can be used to
create movement in other objects and that
movement can be converted into electrical
energy using dynamos and piezo electrics.
d biomass
the waste products of the body can be
burned or decomposed, giving off heat
which can be utilised in energy systems of
buildings. however in a tight urban site the
burning or decomposition of solid waste is
not practical due to space requirements and
the associated smells.
it is possible to produce electricity through
the electrolysis of urine and the waste
products of this process are potassium and
nitrogen which can be used as fertilisers.
A
C
a
bcd
body heat - radiated and sweat
breathing - windmotor movements - kineticbiomass - chemical
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10.2 environmental overview
market/exhibition spaces
exposed area open to the hinaturally ventilated, daylit by open sides and difcoming through pods above.lighting powered by pavegenglowing pods above.
circulation
unheated external space opabove, natural ventilated, lit by diffuse light comingpods, night lighting poweractivated by pressure padwalkway structure.
gym pods
sealed insulated units. hbody heat of gym users. comechanical ventilation and ecooling system. hot air cthe pods is passed througexchanger to heat the cinediffuse light through kalwaduring the day and led liactivated by motion sensorsspecialist gym equipment andcomponents generate electr
cinemasealed insulated box, structure acoustically from external shell. black led lighting before and afpowered by electricity prthe gym. heated by body heagym. cooled by mechanical vand evaporative cooling sys
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10.3 PA
pavegen
footsteps
walks ove
energy is
that can b
each pa
luminaire
someone the user w
process a
footfall t
the pads
existing f
in standa
upper par
100% rec
of the lo
componen
recycled
well in bo
environme
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pavegen pa
floor mar
is funnell
on heavily
pavement,
and betwe
footflow t
will be har
will provilighting sy
10.4 PAV
n
prop
1
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grp mesh walkway
galvanised steel c section walkway supportssteel bearing pad bolted to;
walkway support pressure pad
piezo electric material
pressure pad bolted to steel superstructure
electricity output
sensor output for lighting
force of footfall over walkway
force causes pressure pad to compresspiezo electric material is compressed creating
a current within the material
electricity output to battery store
sensor activates lighting at night
a
bc
d
e
f
g
h
1
23
4
5
A
2
b
c
d
e
3
fg 4
h
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through the use of dynamos
to capture the energy of a
workout. most gym equipment is
rotating or oscillating part
well with dynamos. These dy
attached to a battery which is
the electricity for later use.
a dynamo uses rotating coil
magnetic fields to conver
rotation into a pulsing d
current through faradays la
a dynamo machine consists o
structure, called the stator,
a constant magnetic field,
rotating coils called the a
turn within that field. the moti
within the magnetic field caus
push on the electrons in the m
an electric current in the wire
http://en.wikipedia
10.6 GREEN GYM - PRECEDENT
the quoted energy consumption per square
foot per hour of assembly buildings is;
20.5 btu
1 btu = 1055 joules
therefore
the following calculations are a comparison
between the energy that can be produced by
exercise equipment fitted with a dynamo in the
gym pods and the required energy to power the
cinema
the energy requirement for A standard building of
thistypecan beroughlycalculatedfromavailable
the cinema would only be in use for a few hours
when a film is showing, so this requirement will o
over a short period of time.
energy production in the gym:
during a hard workout one human is capa
producing 120 watts
10.7 ENERGY CALCULATIONS
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therefore,
20.5 btu = 21627.5 joules
to convert this to power [watts] we can use;
power [watts] = energy [joules]/time
[seconds]
power = 21627.5/3600
power = 6w per square foot
converted to square metres this is;
65w per square metre
using the energy administration information
data the performance venue will require 65w
of electrical power per square metre of the
building.
the areas of the cinemA is:
90 sqm
the total power requirement of the cinema
would be:
5,850 watts
this type can be roughly calculated from available
statistics of energy use by building type available
from the energy information administration;
commercial buildings energy consumption survey
1999 in the usa.
the survey provides information on energy
consumption per square foot per hour for multiple
building types.
to calculate the amount of energy used by thecinema i will use the statistics for public assembly
buildings.
producing 120 watts.
this means that the number of hours exercise re
to create the 5,850 watts of energy required
cinema for one hour is:
49 hours.
the cinema seats 126 people so at full capacity
person using the cinema provided energy by us
gym they would each only have to do:
23 minutes of exercise per hour
if the cinema is open for 3 hours [allowing 2 hou
a film and an hour for opening and closing] t
power it for the entire time each person will need
69 minutes of exercise
so the audience will get to see a 2 hour film in tu
just over an hours workout.
if two films are shown in the cinema per day the
will be open for 6 hours meaning to obtain its
requirement the number of hours exercise in t
will need to be:
294 hours
cyclic motion & continuous
generation
cyclic motion & generative
braking
cyclic motion
limb continually
accelerates [+} &
decelerates [-}
generator resists
acceleration & assists
deceleration
generator only assists
deceleration
many devices take advantage of human power capaci
produce electricity, including hand-crank generas well as wind-up flashlights, radios, and mobile p
chargers. a limitation of these conventional methods is
users must focus their attention on power generati
the expense of other activities, typically resulting in s
bouts of generation. for electrical power generation
longer durations, it would be desirable to harvest e
from everyday activities such as walking.
max donelan, professor of kinesiology, simon fraser univ
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workrate
workrate
workrate
electricpower
energy
metabolic metabolic metabolicelectric electric
add
itionalenergy
add
itionalenergy
electricpower
electricpower
+
-
researchers from simon fraser university in b
columbia have developed a device which, worn much l
knee support, generates electricity from the natural m
of walking. the device harvests energy from the end
walkers step, when the muscles are working to slo
movement of the leg, the biomechanical energy harv
uses sensors and a real-time control system to assis
hamstring muscles in slowing the knee motion. the sy
only turns on power generation at the end of the wal
swing phase.
the aluminium chassis contains a gear train convertin
velocity and high torque at the knee into the high vel
and low torque for the generator A one-way roller c
allows for selective engagement of the gear train d
knee extension only and no engagement during knee fl
max donelan, professor of kinesiology, simon fraser univ
wearing a device on each leg, an individual can gene
up to 5 watts of electricity with normal physical ef
walking quickly, however, generates as much as 13 watt
that rate, when the energy is stored in a battery, one m
of walking time could provide enough electricity to su
30 minutes of talk-time on a mobile phone.
people are an excellent source of portable powe
average-sized person stores as much energy in fat
1,000 kg battery. people recharge their body batte
with food and, lucky for us, there is about as much u
energy in a 35-gram granola bar as in a 3.5 kg lithiu
battery.
max donelan, professor of kinesiology, simon fraser univ
the device comprises an aluminium chassis and gener
mounted on a customized orthopaedic knee brace. with
worn on each leg, its total mass is 1.6 kg but the devel
are working on using lighter weight materials, suc
carbon fibre to bring this down.
10.9 MAS
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a brazilian
aire mask,
that contain
powered by
most effect
due to the h
be used whe
designed to
to charge thpower outpu
into the gym
on the equ
applications
the opportu
means they
space for
energy while
issues of hy
a system cou
member is is
they then at
it.
10.10 URINE ELECTROLYSIS & HYDROGEN FUEL
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us researchers have developed an efficient
way of producing hydrogen from urine - a
feat that could not only fuel the cars of
the future, but could also help clean up
municipal wastewater.
using hydrogen to power cars has become an
increasingly attractive transportation fuel,
as the only emission produced is water - but a
major stumbling block is the lack of a cheap,
renewable source of the fuel. gerardine
botte of ohio university may now have found
the answer, using an electrolytic approach
to produce hydrogen from urine - the most
abundant waste on earth - at a fraction of
the cost of producing hydrogen from water.
royal society of chemistry, http://www.rsc.org,
july 2009
the process of electrolysis of urine
releases hydrogen atoms which can then be
captured and burnt in a combustion chamber
to produce large amounts of energy. the use
of hydrogen fuel has already bee proven
by its use as a fuel for vehicles. burning
of hydrogen can produce large amounts of
energy which can be converted into electrical
energy to power the building.
hydrogen has to be produced in its elemental
state from its compounds that occur natural.
the most common processes to obtain
hydrogen are the electrolysis of water
which requires relatively large amounts of
energy to be input and the steam reforming
of methane but this process produces both
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which
are harmful to the environment.
the electrolysis of urine has been developed
in the past few years and is being identified
as a more efficient and environmentally
friendly process for creating hydrogen.
the main component of urine
contains four hydrogen m
important factor in urea is tha
molecules are bond less st
water meaning less energy is
input into the electrolysis p
the electrolysis of water.
during the electrolysis procnickel based electrodes. dur
hydrogen is given off at the
can be collected and burn
electricity. carbon dioxide is p
the reaction but this reacts
hydroxide in the electrolyt
produce potassium carbonat
products are nitrogen and
both occur naturally in the a
urine also contains phosphor
as a fertiliser, once the el
been completed the phosphor
solution can be used as a f
greenhouses.
the heating system of using
collected in the gym and a heat
has already been discussed in pre
10.11 COOLING
f
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has already been discussed in pre
of this report.
when the outside air temperatur
than the inside air temperature
air will be mechanically ventilat
gym and cinema spaces to pro
cooling but when the outside air t
is similar or high than the requir
comfort level than another sysused.
the ventilation system will use e
cooling to effectively sweat whe
high external air temperature. th
the action of the human body, wh
to cool down we sweat and in t
of evaporating it extracts heat
surface of our skin.
an evaporative cooling system
passing the external air through
moist filter pads, as the water i
evaporates it takes heat from the a
its temperature. this air then
building at a lower temperature
the required cooling.
warm external air drawn in mechanically
warm air passes through moist filter pads
evaporative process removes heat from the air
filter pads remove dust and pollen particles
cooled air enters internal spaces at low level
high level mechanical extract draws moist air out
of the building
a
b
c
d
e
f
ab
C
d
e
10.12 FIR
the cinema
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fire rated
corridor p
is accesse
rooms. the
fire rated
smoke ven
basement a
the grouncirculation
path to ri
all the cir
the buildin
walkways w
retains its
mesh. to p
gym pods
where poss
perimeter
space. eac
are constr
shatter wh
all the st
required p
1 hour fire rated construction
smoke ventilation