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DESIGN CRITERIA

SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY 1234 MARKET STREET

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA 19107

SEPTA FRAZER SHOP & YARD EXPANSION

STV INCORPORATED 1818 MARKET STREET, SUITE 1410

PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-3616

NOVEMBER 25, 2015

This Page Intentionally Blank

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter Table of Contents

November 25, 2015 Page 1 Rev. 00 - Final

CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 General 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Design Codes 5 1.3 Frazer Functional Design Criteria 6 1.3.1 Design Life 6 1.3.2 Service Proven 6 1.3.3 Project Integration 6 2.0 Environmental 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Design Codes 7 2.3 Frazer Design Criteria 7 3.0 Operations 9 3.1 Introduction 9 3.2 Codes 10 3.3 Frazer Operations Criteria 10 3.3.1 General Requirements 10 3.3.2 Temporary Structures 10 3.3.3 Rail Equipment 10 3.3.4 Railroad Operations 11 3.3.5 Construction Plans 12 3.3.6 Railroad Flagging; De-Energizing the Overhead Contact System 12 3.3.7 Construction Work Windows (Package 1 Only) 13 4.0 Civil 15 4.1 Introduction 15 4.2 Design Codes 15 4.3 Frazer Design Criteria 16 4.3.1 Roadway Widths 16 4.3.2 Parking Area 16 4.3.3 Lighting 16 4.3.4 Pavement Design 16 4.3.5 Compaction 17 4.3.6 Seeding 17 4.3.7 Drainage, Stormwater Management, and Erosion & 17 Sediment Control



CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued Page 5.0 Track Alignment and Vehicle Clearance 19 5.1 Introduction 19 5.2 Codes and Standards 19 5.3 Track Alignment 19 5.3.1 Design Speed 19 5.3.2 Horizontal Curvature 19 5.3.3 Track Centers 20 5.3.4 Vertical Alignment 20 5.3.5 Turnout Geometry and Layout 21 5.4 Track Clearances 21 5.4.1 Overhead Clearances 21 5.4.2 Side Clearances 21 5.4.3 Exemptions 21 6.0 Trackwork 23 6.1 Introduction 23 6.2 Design Codes 23 6.3 Frazer Design Criteria 23 6.3.1 Rail 23 6.3.2 Crossties 24 6.3.3 Rail Fastening Systems 24 6.3.4 Ballast and Subballast 24 6.3.5 Special Trackwork 24 6.3.6 Grade Crossings 25 6.3.7 Bumping Posts, Derails and Rail Bonds 25 6.3.8 Inner Guard Rail 25 6.3.9 Track Underdrains 25 7.0 Traffic (Not Used) 27 8.0 Utilities 29 8.1 Introduction 29 8.2 Design Codes 29 8.3 Frazer Design Criteria 29 8.3.1 General 29 8.3.2 Sanitary Sewer 30 9.0 Architectural (Not Used) 31



CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued Page 10.0 Geotechnical 33 10.1 Introduction 33 10.2 Design Codes 33 10.3 Frazer Geotechnical Criteria 33 10.3.1 Geotechnical Investigation 33 10.3.2 General Foundation Considerations 34 10.3.3 Retaining Wall 35 10.3.4 Final Geotechnical Foundation Report 35 10.3.5 Instrumentation and Monitoring During Construction 35 11.0 Structural 37 11.1 Introduction 37 11.2 Design Codes 37 11.3 Frazer Design Criteria 37 11.3.1 Materials 37 11.3.2 Design Live Loads 38 11.3.3 Global Stability 38 11.3.4 Retaining Wall Design Requirements 39 11.3.5 Limitations 39 11.3.6 Architectural Treatment 39 12.0 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (Not Used) 41 13.0 Plumbing and Fire Protection Systems (Not Used) 43 14.0 Industrial Equipment (Not Used) 45 15.0 Facilities Electrical (Not Used) 47 16.0 Corrosion Control Grounding and Bonding 49 16.1 Introduction 49 16.1.1 Corrosion Control 49 16.1.2 Grounding and Bonding 49 16.2 Design Codes 51 16.2.1 Corrosion Control 51 16.2.2 Grounding and Bonding 51 16.3 Frazer Design Criteria 52 16.3.1 Corrosion Control 52 16.3.2 Grounding and Bonding 53



CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued

Page 17.0 Traction Power (Not Used) 55 18.0 Overhead Contact System 57 18.1 Introduction 57 18.2 Design Codes and References 57 18.3 Catenary 57 18.4 Loading Requirements 58 18.5 Loading Combinations and Load Factors 58 18.6 Design and Analysis 58 18.7 Materials 58 18.8 Steel Design Details 59 18.9 Foundation Design 59 18.10 Miscellaneous 59 19.0 Communications (Not Used) 61 20.0 Fire/Life Safety and Security (Not Used) 63

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 1.0 – General


1.0 GENERAL 1.1 Introduction This document specifies the design criteria that shall be adhered to while

preparing calculations, drawings, and specifications that are used to procure and construct the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project. The Frazer Shop & Yard project design criteria is arranged in a series of chapters that address traditional rail-transit design disciplines, and each chapter includes the following sections:

• Introduction – specifies the scope of design covered by a respective chapter • Codes – list of applicable codes, standards, or other industry recognized best-

practice publications that define minimum design requirements • Frazer Criteria – special design requirements that are unique to the Frazer

Shop & Yard Expansion project. The provisions specified by this document are intended to establish a minimum

standard of design for the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project. Any suggested changes to the Frazer Shop & Yard design criteria must be approved by Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) before being adopted for design or construction. SEPTA may periodically issue updated versions of the project design criteria, which will include a detailed revision log.

If justified, SEPTA may accept a specific variance to the Frazer Shop & Yard

design criteria, provided the written variance demonstrates that there is no degradation of system related performance and safety. In all cases, a variance to the design criteria must be submitted in writing, and approved by SEPTA before it is adopted for design and construction.

All Frazer Shop & Yard design work shall conform to the minimum provisions

specified by these criteria, which were developed using a traditional standard of care. The project design criteria serve as guidelines and are not a substitute for engineering judgment and sound engineering practice. The Engineer-of-Record is responsible to notify SEPTA, in writing, of any conflicts or other requirements that are contrary to best practice. The Engineer-of-Record shall retain responsibility to comply with all applicable laws and ordinances that govern design and construction of public works projects.

1.2 Design Codes All design shall conform to or exceed the requirements of the latest version of the

codes or standards that are identified throughout every Chapter of these criteria. The codes are presented in order of precedence and in the event of a conflict; the most restrictive provision shall govern. If a new edition or amendment to a code or standard is issued before the design is completed, SEPTA shall determine if the new edition or amendment is to be used.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 1.0 – General


There are code requirements for Chapter 1.0 – General. 1.3 Frazer Functional Design Criteria 1.3.1 Design Life New components for the Frazer Shop & Yard facility shall be designed,

fabricated and constructed to achieve the following minimum design-life objectives without major refurbishment or replacement during normal use.

• fixed facilities: 100 years • trackwork: 30 years • major systems components (shop machinery): 30 years • minor systems components (electrical and signal components): 20

years

1.3.2 Service Proven

The Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project shall be designed using service-proven concepts, subsystems, and hardware. All major subsystems including shop equipment, mechanical systems, electrical components, trackwork and spare parts shall be supplied by established manufacturers with a documented operating history of previous and current usage, and where practical be readily available as an off-the-shelf item. A waiver to these requirements will be considered if an alternative subsystem offers substantial technical and cost advantages, is in an advanced level of development, and is supported by comprehensive test data compiled from near-revenue conditions.

1.3.3 Project Integration

The Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project integration requirements are

summarized as follows:

• Minimize disruption to existing maintenance operations during design, construction, testing, and commissioning of the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project

• Accommodate concurrent infrastructure improvement projects • Minimize adverse operational, aesthetic and environmental impacts.

These functional system integration requirements shall be periodically

assessed during final design and construction of the Frazer facility.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 2.0 – Environmental


2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL 2.1 Introduction The environmental design criteria presented herein shall govern the design of the

following project elements:

• Site subsurface environmental characterization • Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACM) • Lead-Containing Materials

2.2 Design Codes Unless specified otherwise herein, the environmental design shall be governed by

the current editions of the following codes or manuals:

• National Emission Standards for Hazard Air Pollution (NESHAP) (cited as 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart M).

• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.62, Lead • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency

Response • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart

D, Contingency Plan • Title 25, Part 1, Subpart C Article III, Chapters 123, 133, 137, Pennsylvania

Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) • Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 101 (Hazardous Substances) • Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 91.34 (PA Water Quality Program) • PADEP Act 2 of 1995; The Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation

Standards Act • Pennsylvania Asbestos Occupations Accreditation and Certification Act of

1990 (Act 194 and Act 161) 2.3 Frazer Design Criteria There are no supplemental environmental design requirements.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 2.0 – Environmental



SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 3.0 – Operations


3.0 OPERATIONS 3.1 Introduction SEPTA’s Frazer Shop & Yard is currently used to store and maintain a fleet of ten

JWC3 cab cars, 45 JWCT3 coach cars, seven AEM-7 locomotives and one ALP-44. To serve projected ridership demands SEPTA has determined that the fleet maintained at the Frazer Shop & Yard must be increased by 13 locomotives (with an option to purchase five additional locomotives for a total of 18), and 36 bi-level cars (with an option to purchase nine additional bi-level cars for a total of 45). To accommodate this increased fleet size, the following improvements will be made to the existing Frazer Facility:

• Construct a new 2,700 foot long retaining wall along the north side of the

shops to accommodate northward expansion of the shop and three new storage tracks.

• Construct three new storage tracks, Tracks 10, 11 and 12. • Extend the existing shop building northward to accommodate a new drop

table. Access to the drop table will be via realigned Track 9 and new Track 10.

• Extend the existing shop building westward over Track 9 to accommodate a dual axle wheel truing machine and shimming lift table for Silver Liner V trucks.

• Extend the existing consist shop eastward to accommodate seven-car consists (ACS-64 locomotives and seven multi-level rail cars).

• Reconfigure the component repair shop. • Construct a large component storage building. • Install a new e-cleaning track with inspection pit and platform. • Construct a new exterior train washer. • Construct a new, two-story transportation and yardmaster’s building. • Construct a new expanded parking lot. • Extend existing storage Tracks 1, 2 and 3 to increase storage capacity. • Extend a new line northward from the facility to connect with the local

sanitary sewer system. • Upgrade, repair or replace the existing, on-site oil-water separator. • Replace the entire roof on the existing shop facility. • Perform associated relocations and provide ancillary features to support

construction of the yard and shop improvements. Refer to Division 1 of the Specification for a description of the Package 1 work.

Frazer Shop & Yard will remain in operation and provide normal functions during

construction of these improvements. This chapter identifies operational needs and requirements to be taken into account during design development and construction of the associated improvements.



It is recognized that specific construction techniques are contingent on final design and development of the exact sequence and methods of performing construction will be the responsibility of the Design-Build Contractor.

3.2 Codes There following reference applies to Chapter 3.0 – Operations.

• SEPTA Consist Sheets effective June 15, 2015 • SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01060, Regulatory Requirements &

Safety • SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01065, Railroad Safety Requirements

3.3 Frazer Operations Criteria 3.3.1 General Requirements All impacts on rail operations including the ability to store, maintain and

repair equipment at Frazer Shop & Yard must be clearly identified during the initial development of final design. Mitigation measures to address any impacts to rail operations at Frazer Shop & Yard shall also be identified. Construction activities affecting surface transportation, including SEPTA commuter rail service, Amtrak intercity rail service, and automobile traffic within the yard, must be planned and scheduled in cooperation with SEPTA and other relevant authorities. As part of final design, opportunities to coordinate planned train maintenance and train storage activities with construction activities shall be investigated to minimize disruption to train operations throughout the yard and shop. Prior to the start of construction, the Design-Build Contractor shall develop a construction management plan that is that is implemented in phases, which corresponds to the construction schedule.

3.3.2 Temporary Structures Temporary structures for the support and maintenance of surface traffic

adjacent to the construction site will be designed and constructed in accordance with prevailing codes, standards and regulations. Design of temporary structures shall be performed and certified by an Engineer licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Temporary structures are subject to review and concurrence by SEPTA and local authorities having jurisdiction.

3.3.3 Rail Equipment The following lists the types of equipment stored at Frazer Shop & Yard,

the rail equipment lengths, and the train consists (i.e., number of cars per train):



Approximate Rail Equipment Lengths:

• AEM-7 locomotive: 51 feet • ALP-44 locomotive: 51 feet • New ACS-64 locomotive: 67 feet • JWC single level coach: 85 feet • Silverliner IV EMU: 85 feet • Silverliner V EMU: 85 feet • New multi-level coach: 85 feet

Consist Lengths:

• AEM-7 and ALP-44 locomotive: 51 feet + (5 coaches)(85 feet) = 476 feet • ACS-64 locomotive: 67 feet + (7 coaches)(85 feet) = 662 feet • EMU (3 married pairs): (6 coaches)(85 feet) = 510 feet

3.3.4 Railroad Operations The Frazer Shop & Yard is operated 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.

Trains are typically stored on yard Tracks 1 through 5 along the south side of the property. The movement of trains in and out of yard is nearly constant throughout the day.

Train movements occur either when a train is leaving the storage facility

and traveling to the starting point of its revenue service route, or entering the storage facility to be stored while out of operation. According to the SEPTA Consist Sheets effective June 15, 2015, from Monday through Friday there are 46 train movements entering and leaving the yard storage tracks starting at 4:20 AM when the first train enters revenue service until the next day at 2:22 AM when the last train exits service. In general, there are two to three train movements per hour. The highest number of train movements occurs between 6:00 PM and 7:00 PM, when there are six train movements.

On the weekends, the level of service is less than weekdays, and this is

reflected in lower numbers of train movements into and out of the yard storage tracks.

On Saturdays, there are 36 train movements into and out of the yard

storage tracks over a 24-hour period. The number of train movements per hour fluctuates throughout the day between 1 to 3 train movements.

On Sundays, there are there are 33 train movements into and out of the

yard storage tracks over a 24-hour period. Generally, there two train movements per hour between 8:00 AM to 11:00 PM.



The above paragraphs are snapshots of a typical day, but there may be occasions where the number of train movements in Frazer Shop & Yard increase dramatically depending on SEPTA service needs.

To the maximum extent possible, the design and sequencing of

construction activities shall allow for uninterrupted railroad operations. During construction, interruption of, and interference with rail yard and shop operations must be avoided unless otherwise approved by SEPTA. Work that has the potential to impact railroad operations will be limited to the construction work windows defined in Section 3.3.7 – Construction Work Windows and must be approved by SEPTA.

3.3.5 Construction Plans Work shift details, construction sequencing, methodologies, and other

aspects of the construction process are likely to vary according to the specific element of the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion being constructed. In order to ensure the continuous and safe operation of the yard and shop during construction, and to protect existing infrastructure and rail cars, plans for construction activities that potentially affect railroad operations shall be submitted for review and approval by SEPTA.

The Contractor may use the new expanded parking lot as a construction lay-down or storage area.

3.3.6 Railroad Flagging; De-Energizing the Overhead Contact System Rail-related construction activities must be performed in close

coordination with the operating railroads. Flagging protection, which will be provided by the operating railroad of a given section of track, must be scheduled an absolute minimum of 14 calendar days in advance. Longer advance notice is suggested. Other, non-rail-related construction activities must be coordinated with appropriate relevant authorities, agencies, utility companies, or private entities. As final design is advanced, construction period assessments shall be performed including evaluation of potential construction access locations and lay-down areas in the project area. Contractor employees are required to complete SEPTA Roadway Protection Training before working within 10 feet of the field side of the near running rail of any railroad track or working within 10 feet of the overhead contact system (OCS). The term “fouling” is defined as the placement of an individual or item of equipment in such proximity to a track that the individual or item could be struck by a moving train or on-track equipment, or in any case within four feet of the field side of the near running rail.



All work beyond the active yard tracks may be completed during regular working hours as long as the work does not foul or have the potential to foul active tracks or disrupt vehicle maintenance activities.

Work that has the potential to foul active tracks will be limited to the

construction work windows defined in Section 3.3.7, and must be approved by SEPTA. Work within the active track will require SEPTA flagging protection. (See SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01060, Regulatory Requirements & Safety and SEPTA Standard Specification Section 01065, Railroad Safety Requirements)

Work activities associated with constructing new OCS structures, modifying existing OCS structures, installing new catenary, etc., will require de-energizing the existing OCS so that the planned work can be safely completed. SEPTA requires that de-energizing be scheduled an absolute minimum of 14 calendar days in advance. Greater advance notice is suggested. Only designated SEPTA personnel are authorized to de-energize the OCS.

3.3.7 Construction Work Windows (Package 1 Only) In order to limit impacts to Frazer Shop & Yard operations, the following

work windows will be established to facilitate construction activities:

Package 1 Construction Activity Work Window Subsurface utility relocation in advance of major construction

From 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, for 12 hours per day/7 days per week

Construction of large component storage building

From 7:00 AM to 7:00/PM, for 12 hours per day/7 days per week

Grading for the relocated employee parking lot

From 7:00 AM to 7:00PM, for 12 hours per day/7 days per week

Construct retaining wall including haul trucks


Construct three new storage Tracks 10, 11 and 12.


Modifications of stormwater basin No restrictions Install the new west end turnout in existing track. This turnout leads to new storage Tracks 10, 11 and 12.

From 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, 12 hours per day, 7 days per week.

Tracks 10 – 12: Install new catenary and modify existing catenary at the new west turnout (Track 1); modify existing catenary structures along Track 9 (to support new cross catenary over Tracks 10 – 12).

From 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, 12 hours per day, 7 days per week.



During these time periods, and in conformance to the operating provisions specified herein, the Contractor will have unencumbered access to the immediate construction zone associated with these elements of work.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 4.0 – Civil


4.0 CIVIL 4.1 Introduction The civil design criteria presented in Section 4.2 pertain to the design of the


• Roadways • Site Drainage • Stormwater Management Basins • Signing and Pavement Markings • Erosion & Sedimentation Control During Construction • Site Lighting

4.2 Design Codes Unless specified otherwise, the site design shall be in accordance with the current

editions of the following codes, manuals, or specifications:

• A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2011 Edition.

• Roadside Design Guide, AASHTO, 2011 Edition. • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Federal Highway

Administration, 2009 Edition. • Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, PA

Department of Environmental Protection, 2006 Edition. • Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual, PA Department of

Environmental Protection, 2012 Edition. • Urban Drainage Design Manual, Federal Highway Administration, Third

Edition. • LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, AASHTO, 7th Edition. • Manual for Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and

Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA). • Publication 408, Specifications, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. • 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Department of Justice. • National Electric Cord (NEC), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),

No. 70. • Life Safety Code (NFPA) No. 101. • National Electrical Safety Code (NESC). • Standard Practice for the Illumination of SEPTA’s Transit Facilities,

PRAC00002.



4.3 Frazer Design Criteria 4.3.1 Roadway Widths Provide a minimum paved access road width of twenty-four feet. The

minimum width may be reduced to twelve feet in the vicinity of the E-Cleaning Platform.

4.3.2 Parking Area Provide a minimum of 100 parking spaces in the parking area. Provide

accessible spaces as required by the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Provide accessible pedestrian paths.

4.3.3 Lighting The lighting system shall provide sufficient illumination to provide safety

from hazards. Illuminance shall be sufficient for the surveillance system employed. Provide an average illumination of 22 lux (2 foot-candles) for the parking area and entrance roadway. Graduate the entrance roadway lighting to meet the level of lighting on Sproul Road. Provide an average illumination of 50 lux (5 foot-candles) for the remainder of the developed yard area. Illumination in a given area may not vary from minimum to maximum by more than 1:4. Use a maintenance factor of 0.8 for all calculations unless otherwise supported by documentation from the luminaire’s manufacturer.

Lighting designs shall minimize glare and light pollution. Utilize

directional lighting and shielding to reduce light pollution. Shield lighting from train engineers.

4.3.4 Pavement Design Perform a pavement design analysis to determine the appropriate

pavement section for the access road and parking lot. The minimum pavement section shall consist of:

2” Bituminous Wearing Course 5” Bituminous Base Course 6” Subbase No. 2A, modified

Provide SEPTA with the design for the wearing course. The 2” Bituminous Wearing Course is to be included in the pavement design but is not to be constructed as part of the Package 1 contract. Construct the Subbase No. 2A, modified and Bitumimous Base Course.



Pavement shall be designed for positive drainage.

4.3.5 Compaction Place embankment material in layers of not more than a loose 8-inch

depth. Compact embankments to not less than 97% of the required dry weight density. Compact the top 3 feet of embankment to 100% of the required dry weight density. In-place density will be determined according to AASHTO T 191 or AASHTO T 310. Maintain material to within 3% of optimum and the optimum moisture content at the time of compaction. If material is too coarse to satisfactorily use these methods, compaction will be determined based on the nonmovement of the material under compaction equipment. Compact until embankment does not rut under a loaded triaxle (GVW 75,000 pounds).

Compact subgrade to 100% of the determined dry-weight density. 4.3.6 Seeding Use a low mow seed mixture on all disturbed areas that are to be seeded. 4.3.7 Drainage, Stormwater Management, and Erosion & Sediment Control Design inlets, manholes, and pipes to accommodate the 10-year storm.

Design stormwater basins and drainage features conveying discharges from the basins to accommodate the 100-year storm.

The drainage system and stormwater management facilities shall

accommodate the entire Frazer Yard expansion. Coordinate with SEPTA to obtain information pertaining to future aspects of the expansion not included in this contract.

Acquire an NPDES permit to cover the entire Frazer Yard expansion

project. Coordinate with SEPTA to obtain information pertaining to future aspects of the expansion not included in this contract.

The project is located within the watershed of Valley Creek, which is

designated as an Exceptional Value (EV) stream. All erosion & sediment control measures shall be in accordance with PA DEP requirements for EV watersheds.

Chapter 5.0 – Track Alignment SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria and Vehicle Clearances


5.0 TRACK ALIGNMENT AND VEHICLE CLEARANCES 5.1 Introduction Design criteria for track alignment and vehicle clearances addresses key

geometric and clearance requirements that shall govern design. 5.2 Codes and Standards Where not specifically addressed by the criteria provided herein, track alignment

and vehicle clearance shall be in conformance with current industry standards and in general conformance with the codes and standards listed below.

The latest edition of the following standards and codes shall govern in the design

of all track alignment and clearances, in the following order:

• Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PPUC) Title 52 33.121-33.127 • SEPTA Railroad Division SWM-100 Track Department Manual • SEPTA Regional Railroad Division Standard Drawings 2-W-24864

(Minimum Roadway Clearance) and 5-W-29874 (Standard Turnout Data) • AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering • AREMA Portfolio of Trackwork Plans

At no time may the track design fail to meet minimum applicable PPUC

requirements or FRA standards for Class 5 track or higher, as required in 49 CFR 213, except as otherwise noted herein.

5.3 Track Alignment 5.3.1 Design Speed Yard trackwork shall be designed to support a maximum operational speed

of 15 MPH. 5.3.2 Horizontal Curvature Horizontal track alignment shall generally be in accordance with Part 5,

Chapter 3 of the AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering, as amended herein. Track alignment is defined as a continuous series of tangents and circular curves, some of which shall be connected with transition spirals where applicable. Curve radius shall generally be established by using the largest radius curve that fits within space available. In and around yards, geometric constraints will limit radius on most curves. Desired maximum curvature shall be 10°. Absolute maximum curvature shall be 12°-30’.



Curves shall be superelevated to 1/2 inch and the elevation run-off on the adjacent tangent where practical. The design profile, run-off, cross level and warp shall at all times be in conformance with minimum FRA standards for Class 5 track or higher, as required in 49 CFR 213, where geometrically feasible,

Track layout and geometry shown on the Contract Drawings should be considered final and shall not be modified without prior approval by SEPTA.

A minimum desired tangent length of 60 feet shall be provided between

successive curves regardless of direction of the curves. This criteria also applies to curves inherent in turnouts. Due to geometric constraints, less tangent length (including no tangent length) may be provided at locations that do not result in reversing curvature.

5.3.3 Track Centers Yard tracks shall be spaced at minimum 14’-0” centers. Storage tracks shall be spaced such that a minimum 8’-0” clear width is

provided between adjacent tracks, allowing for the widest rail vehicle equipment on the tracks and adjusting for effects of horizontal curvature.

A minimum of 18’-0” centers shall be provided for all ladder tracks

constructed adjacent to any other track, or 19’-0” centers to another adjacent ladder track.

5.3.4 Vertical Alignment Vertical track alignment shall generally be in accordance with SEPTA

SMW-100, Section 63.0, Grades, as amended herein. Vertical track alignment design is defined by top of low rail profile for a

given track. Minimum vertical curve length of 100 feet shall be maintained. Criteria for maximum grades shall be as follows:

Track Designation Desired Maximum

Absolute Maximum

Lead Tracks 1.0% 2.0% ** Yard Storage Tracks* 0.2% 0.5% ** Shop Tracks 0% 0%



* Storage tracks should be designed with a sag near the middle, such that would discourage unattended rail vehicles from accidentally rolling outside of the designated storage limits.

** Proposed grades in excess of the values show must be approved in advance by the SEPTA Chief Engineering Officer, Track, or designee.

5.3.5 Turnout Geometry and Layout

Turnout geometry, switch length, frog length and rail joint location shall conform to SEPTA Standard Drawing 5-W-29874 (Standard Turnout Data). Note that SEPTA turnout layouts are different from AREMA.

5.4 Track Clearances Track Clearances shall be in accordance with the following and conform to the

legal minimum requirements as provided by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PPUC) except in design of shop facilities and servicing platforms where such compliance is not reasonably practicable.

5.4.1 Overhead Clearances

Refer to SEPTA Standard Drawing 2-W-24864 (Minimum Roadway Clearance) for minimum allowable overhead clearances to the overhead catenary system and permanent structures.

5.4.2 Side Clearances Refer to SEPTA Standard Drawing 2-W-24864 (Minimum Roadway

Clearance) for side clearance requirements. In addition, permanent structures adjacent to curved track, and within 85 feet of the beginning and ending of curve, shall have additional minimum side clearance compensating for curvature at the rate of 1 additional inch per degree of curvature.

5.4.3 Exemptions

Clearances shall be designed to accommodate PPUC regulations. PPUC may grant an exemption from the requirements if the carrier (SEPTA) deems the exemption as necessary and applies to PPUC for an exemption. The designer (final design) shall meet with SEPTA and identify the substandard clearances and reason for requesting the exemption. SEPTA will review the request for exemption and prepare an application for exemption from PPUC if the proposed reduction in clearance seems reasonable.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 6.0 – Trackwork


6.0 TRACKWORK 6.1 Introduction Design criteria for trackwork addresses key geometric and track component

design elements for the Frazer Shop & Yard Expansion project which includes storage tracks, repair shop tracks, service pit tracks, and an exterior car wash track.

6.2 Design Codes Where not specifically addressed by the criteria provided herein, track design

shall be in conformance with current industry standards and in general conformance with the codes and standards listed below.

The latest edition of the following standards and codes shall govern in the design

of all trackwork in the following order:

• SEPTA Railroad Division SWM-100 Track Department Manual • SEPTA Regional Railroad Division Standard Drawing 5-W-29874 (Standard

Turnout Data) • AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering • AREMA Portfolio of Trackwork Plans

Furthermore, track design shall at all times be in conformance with minimum

FRA standards for Class 5 track or higher, as required in 49 CFR 213, Track Safety Standards, and Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PPUC) Title 52 33.121-33.127. All track design must meet minimum applicable PPUC requirements or FRA standards required for operation in that class.

6.3 Frazer Design Criteria The Frazer Shop & Yard Project will use the following track types:

• Ballasted Yard Track (Packages 1, 2A and 2B) • Embedded Shop Track (Package 2A) • Pedestal Shop Track (Packages 2A and 2B)

Track shall be designed in accordance with the above referenced codes and

standards, and the following. 6.3.1 Rail Rail shall be 115 RE rail section. All rail shall be new and continuous

welded rail (CWR) except at turnouts and insulated joint locations. Turnouts shall use premium 115 RE rail.



6.3.2 Crossties Ballasted track shall use timber crossties spaced nominally at 21-1/4 inch

centers and provide a minimum of 22 crossties per 39 ft. length of rail.

A minimum of six 10’ long transition ties shall be used at transitions between ballasted track and direct fixation or embedded track.

6.3.3 Rail Fastening Systems The resilient Pandrol e-clip system, consisting of e-clips and plates with

steel shoulders spiked to timber crossties with standard cut spikes shall be used for all ballasted track applications.

Pedestal track shall use the L.B. Foster rail clamp system, and be non-insulated. Embedded track shall use the Iron Horse embedded track with rubber boot

system for rail to earth isolation. 6.3.4 Ballast and Subballast Ballast, subballast and walkway aggregate shall be as indicated in plans

and specifications. A minimum of 12 inches of AREMA No. 3-4 ballast shall be provided,

measured below bottom of tie. Ballast shoulders shall be 12 inches, minimum. Standard ballast section shall consist of 2H:1V side slopes down to subballast in open fill sections. A minimum 8 inches of subballast, sloped at 1/4 inch per foot to provide for positive drainage of the track structure, shall be used. Subballast shall be PennDOT modified 2A aggregate.

Walkway aggregate shall be No. 5 ballast per AREMA, and provided

along all potential walking surfaces as shown on the Contact Drawings. 6.3.5 Special Trackwork Turnouts shall be No. 8, designed in general conformance with AREMA

Portfolio of Trackwork Plans and specifically in accordance with the SEPTA Standard Turnout Data drawing and the geometric and other requirements as shown on the Contract Documents. Premium rail shall be used for all trackwork components. Frogs shall be rail bound manganese type in accordance with AREMA. Switch timbers shall be 7-inch grade with lengths in accordance with AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering. Turnouts shall be of all welded design with the exception of the frog joints, heel blocks and stock rail joints, which shall be bolted.



Switch stands shall be Model 22 semi-automatic switch stands with

ergonomic handles. 6.3.6 Grade Crossings Yard roadways and pathways shall be composed of paved track at

locations indicated in the drawings. Track located in pavement shall be full-depth asphalt concrete pavement crossing surfaces, with formed flangeways, installed on tie and ballast track. Fabric or other acceptable material shall be used to separate the pavement from the ballast materials.

6.3.7 Bumping Posts, Derails and Rail Bonds

Bumping post: WCH WG-1200 modified to strike at anti-climber height, 47” above top of rail. A bumping post shall be installed at the end of each new stub-end storage track. The bumping post installed on Track 10 during Package 1 shall be removed and re-located to the end of the extended Track 10 during Package 2A Derails: Hinged, block type derails shall be installed at the converging end of each new storage track. The specific location of each derail will be provided by SEPTA. The block derails are used to facilitate SEPTA blue-flag protection on storage tracks. Rail Bonds: Rail bonds shall be installed at all rail joints on the new storage tracks. SEPTA to provide the rail bond detail.

6.3.8 Inner Guard Rail

An inner guard rail utilizing second-hand rail furnished by the Contractor and approved by SEPTA shall be installed on Track 12 for the length of the retaining wall. SEPTA will provide the guard rail installation detail.

6.3.9 Track Underdrains

Where runoff to open ditches is not feasible due to geometric constraints, all trackbeds (top of subballast) shall be sloped to direct runoff into track underdrains to provide positive drainage away from the tracks. Underdrains shall be sloped longitudinally to convey storm water to open ditch outlets or into the site storm drainage system. Cleanouts shall be located at all upper ends of all underdrains and at intervals of no greater than 300’ along the length of the underdrain.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 7.0 – Traffic


7.0 TRAFFIC (Not Used)

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 7.0 – Traffic



SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 8.0 – Utilities


8.0 UTILITIES 8.1 Introduction This chapter of the design criteria governs the following project elements:

• Existing utilities • Utility relocations • Sanitary sewer design

8.2 Design Codes

Unless specified otherwise herein, the current editions of the following codes,

manuals and specifications shall be used for design of relocated or new utility installations:

• Manual for Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and

Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) Volume 1, Chapter 5 • PennDOT PUB 408 Construction Specifications • PADEP- Domestic Wastewater Facility Manual • East Whiteland Township Standard Specifications for Construction of Sanitary

Sewers and Appurtenances • Local Soil Conservation District regulations and Details • AWWA A746, C111, C150, C151, ANSI A21.50 and A21.21 • OSHA Health and Safety Regulations • OSHA 1926.960 Subpart V—Electric Power Transmission and Distribution • Pennsylvania Act 287 of 1974 - A One Call for utility markouts. • International Building Code, Latest Addition • International Plumbing Code, Latest Addition • National Electrical Code, Latest Addition

8.3 Frazer Design Criteria

8.3.1 General Verify the location of all work area utilities including overhead lines, prior

to construction. Temporary bracing shall be designed in conformance to the applicable

design codes. All items, including gas, water, miscellaneous valve boxes, inlet grates,

manhole rims and junction boxes that are constructed within sidewalk and roadway areas shall be reset so that they are flush with proposed finished grade.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 8.0 – Utilities


8.3.2 Sanitary Sewer The sanitary sewer shall be designed as an 8-inch Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP)

with a 1.00% grade. The pipe shall be factory supplied with an interior and exterior epoxy coating in accordance with the East Whiteland Township’s specifications, Section 5 - Gravity Sewers.

The sewer facility is to be fully tested in accordance to East Whiteland

Township specification, Section 7.3 - Tests. The joints shall be fully bonded and designed in accordance with the

project specifications for bonding and grounding.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 9.0 – Architectural


9.0 ARCHITECTURAL (Not Used)

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 9.0 – Architectural



SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 10.0 – Geotechnical


10.0 GEOTECHNICAL 10.1 Introduction The geotechnical design criteria presented herein shall govern the design of the


• Site subsurface characterization • Geotechnical soil and rock design parameters • Seismic design parameters • Shallow foundations (bearing capacity, settlement, stability) • Deep foundations • Earth retaining structures (vertical loads, lateral pressures, stability,

foundations) • Site Earthwork (embankments, slopes, subgrade preparation, compaction)

10.2 Design Codes

Unless specified otherwise herein, the geotechnical design shall be governed by

the current editions of the following codes, manuals or specifications:

• Manual for Railway Engineering, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA)

• ASCE/SEI 7 minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures • AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications as amended by PennDOT

Design Manual Part 4, Volume 1, Publication 15M • Subsurface Investigations – Geotechnical Site Characterization, FHWA NHI-

01-031, May 2002 • Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 6 – Shallow Foundations, FHWA-SA-

02-054, September 2002 • Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations, FHWA-NHI-05-042 &

043, April 2006 • Earth Retaining Structures, FHWA-NHI-07-071, June 2008

10.3 Frazer Geotechnical Criteria

10.3.1 Geotechnical Investigation Previously obtained borings as shown on the preliminary plans and in the

reference documents may be used for design. The Contractor shall perform additional subsurface investigation to support the design at no additional cost to SEPTA.

The Contractor will be required to review the results of the preliminary

borings and laboratory testing and verify that they are in agreement with the information presented. The Contractor must determine if additional



subsurface information or testing is required to substantiate their design based on the selected foundation types.

Perform additional geotechnical exploration for the design under the

supervision of a Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) approved drilling inspector as described herein and according to the applicable sections of the current AREMA Chapter 8, Part 22 (Geotechnical Subsurface Investigation) and Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Publication 222.

A preliminary laboratory testing program has been completed and the

results provided in the reference documents. The Contractor may use the testing for their design provided the testing is appropriate. Additional laboratory testing is to be conducted if deemed necessary to support design.

10.3.2 General Foundation Considerations

The existing yard and shop facility is to remain in service during earthwork and foundation construction. The proposed construction methods are required to minimize vibrations during construction to reduce impacts to the existing shop facility.

Foundation depths must consider the final site grading and frost

penetration. Temporary excavation support for construction is the responsibility of the

Contractor and shall be designed by a Professional Engineer licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Spread footing foundations are to be designed in accordance with AREMA

Chapter 8, Part 3. The safety factor for Primary Loads shall not be less than 3; for Primary +

Secondary Loads the safety factor shall not be less than 2. Additional consideration shall be taken of load duration in relation to foundation soil type and groundwater conditions when selecting a safety factor.

In cases where a footing is subjected to moments in addition to vertical

loads, the line of action of the resultant force shall have a maximum eccentricity from the centerline of the footing equal to B/6, where B is defined as the width of the footing in the corresponding direction of applied moment.

Pile foundations are to be designed in accordance with AREMA Chapter 8, Part 4.



10.3.3 Retaining Wall

Retaining Walls shall be designed using the LRFD method in conformance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications as supplemented by the PennDOT Design Manual 4.

AREMA Cooper E-80 live load shall be applied parallel to the full length

of the retaining wall with the centerline of track located 8 feet from the front face of the wall.

AASHTO HS 20-44 Truck live load shall be applied parallel to the full

length of the retaining wall with the centerline of truck located 3 feet from the front face of the wall.

Where building foundations will bear on the retaining wall, the design

shall account for the foundation loads and tolerable deformations specified by Chapter 11 – Structural Design Criteria.

10.3.4 Final Geotechnical Foundation Report

For portions of the project completed under the Design-Build delivery

method, prepare and submit a Final Geotechnical Foundation Report identifying the design procedure utilized for the selected permanent foundation type, final calculations for the foundation design, required specifications and details for the final foundation construction, foundation plans, and drafted core borings. Specifications which indicate the proposed method of installation of the recommended foundations shall be included in the Final Geotechnical Foundation Report and must include procedures for ensuring quality control during construction. The Contractor will be responsible for submitting qualifications which demonstrate their capability to perform the work being recommended.

10.3.5 Instrumentation and Monitoring During Construction

The Contractor shall be responsible for assessing the physical conditions of the existing structures, tracks, and other facilities within a 100 foot radius of influence of the Work and the development of the monitoring plan including a quantity of deformation monitoring points. Installations shall be complete for any site conditions requiring the design of temporary measures as required for supporting construction activities. The Contractor shall implement required remedial and precautionary measures based on the results of the deformation monitoring.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 11.0 – Structural


11.0 STRUCTURAL 11.1 Introduction This chapter of structural design criteria governs the following project elements:

• Temporary shoring • Retaining walls

11.2 Design Codes

• American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA)

• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) o LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 7th Ed, 2014

• American Concrete Institute (ACI) o ACI 301-05: “Specifications for Structural Concrete.” o ACI 318-08/ACI 318R-08: “Building Code Requirements for Structural

Concrete & Commentary.” • Precast and Prestressed Concrete (PCI) Design Handbook • ACI 530-08: “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures &

Commentary.” • ACI 530.1-08: “Specification for Masonry Structures & Commentary.” • Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) • Manual of Standard Practice for Reinforced Concrete Construction • American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

o AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, 2005. • American Welding Society (AWS)

o AWS D1.1-04: “Structural Welding Code – Steel.” o AWS D1.3-98: “Structural Welding Code – Sheet Steel.” o AWS D1.4-98: “Structural Welding Code – Reinforcing Steel.”

• ASCE/SEI 7 minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures • FHWA Publications RD-75-128, 129, & 130 – Lateral Support Systems and

Underpinning, Vols. 1, 2, & 3 • International Building Code (IBC)-2009 Chapter 17 Structural Test and

Special Inspections 11.3 Frazer Design Criteria 11.3.1 Materials The Frazer Yard & Shop Expansion project shall be designed and

constructed using materials with the following minimum property requirements:



Concrete 28-day Compressive Strength: • Foundations, normal weight concrete, air entrained f’c = 4,000 psi • Slab-on-grade, normal weight, non-air entrained f’c = 4,000 psi • Precast Concrete Wall Panels f’c = 5,000 psi • Leveling pads f’c = 4,000 psi • Copings f’c = 4,000 psi

Reinforcing Steel:

• Bar reinforcing ASTM A 615, Grade 60 • Welded Rebar, Threaded Rebar ASTM A 706, Grade 60 • Welded wire reinforcement (WWR) ASTM A 1064, flat mesh

Welding:

• Welding electrodes: AWS A5.1 (E70XX) • Anchor rods: ASTM F 1554, Grade 50

Masonry:

• Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) ASTM C90 Grade N-1 f’m = 2000 psi load bearing • Grout ASTM C476 – 3000 psi • Mortar ASTM C270 – Type M or S

11.3.2 Design Live Loads AREMA Cooper E-80 Loading applied along the full length of Retaining

Wall with the centerline of track located eight feet from the inside face of the retaining wall.

Equipment and Adjacent Buildings: Applicable areas adjacent to retaining

walls where tooling, mechanical equipment, or building foundations are to be permanently located. Considerations for the weights, dynamic loads of mechanical and electrical equipment along with any vertical and horizontal surcharge loads from adjacent building foundations shall also be considered.

Construction Equipment: consideration shall be given to live loads that

will be used during the construction of the wall and other area that may produce loading to the wall while it is under construction. This may include cranes, heavily loaded construction vehicles or material stockpiles. The designer shall coordinate these requirements and convey the live load limits allowed for construction to the owner.

11.3.3 Global Stability The stability analysis must consider the overall global stability of the wall,

bearing capacity analysis of the foundation soils, and settlement analysis



of the proposed structure. The soil parameters to be used in the design of the wall shall be established by the Contractor’s Engineer of Record.

11.3.4 Retaining Wall Design Requirements Provide backfill for walls consisting of AASHTO No. 8 coarse aggregate

in areas that require free draining material in conjunction with drains.

Provide drainage details such as those shown on the drawings including but not limited to 4”ø weepholes or 6”ø perforated pipe underdrain and/or #57 drainage blankets based upon the field conditions.

The base of a retaining wall supported on soil shall be located below the

frost line, and in no case at a depth less than 3 feet below the surface of the ground in front of the toe.

The resultant force on the base of a wall shall fall within the middle third

of the structure footing. The factor of safety against sliding at the base of the structure shall be at

least 1.5. In computing the resistance against sliding, the passive earth pressure of the soil in contact with the face of the wall shall be neglected.

The factor of safety against overturning 2.0.

11.3.5 Limitations

The use of any soil stabilizing elements, strips, grid, or mesh systems is strictly prohibited.

The use of timber in the final wall or wall facing panel(s) that hold the soil in position is strictly prohibited.

Settlement and angular distortion will be limited to a total settlement not to exceed one (1) inch. Differential settlements between to load bearing elements within the zone of influence between the face of the wall shall not exceed one half (1/2) inch. The settlement and angular distortions limitations are based on any load bearing element applying maximum allowable bearing capacity to the fill behind the wall.

11.3.6 Architectural Treatment

The entire exposed face of the retaining wall shall have an architectural finish that is to be pre-approved by SEPTA.

Chapter 12.0 – Heating, Ventilation SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria and Air Conditioning


12.0 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (Not Used)

Chapter 12.0 – Heating, Ventilation SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria and Air Conditioning



Chapter 13.0 – Plumbing and Fire SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Protection Systems


13.0 PLUMBING AND FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS (Not Used)

Chapter 13.0 – Plumbing and Fire SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Protection Systems



SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 14.0 – Industrial Equipment


14.0 INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT (Not Used)

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 14.0 – Industrial Equipment



SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 15.0 – Facilities Electrical


15.0 FACILITIES ELECTRICAL (Not Used)

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 15.0 – Facilities Electrical



Chapter 16.0 – Corrosion Control SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Grounding and Bonding


16.0 CORROSION CONTROL GROUNDING AND BONDING 16.1 Introduction 16.1.1 Corrosion Control This section describes the design criteria necessary to provide corrosion

control measures which encompass all disciplines associated with SEPTA’s transit projects. The design of the systems and subsystems must prevent premature corrosion failures on transit fixed facilities and other structures or installations. Systems shall be designed to control corrosion caused by contact with corrosive environments, soils, and water, and effects of stray current. Types of corrosion control include stray current control, materials selection, protective coating, and cathodic protection. Corrosion control design criteria encompass all engineering project disciplines. The design criteria for each of these categories, and their implementation, shall meet the following objectives:

• Achieve the design life of system facilities by avoiding premature

failure caused by corrosion. • Minimize annual operating and maintenance costs associated with

material deterioration and degradation. • Provide continuity of operations by reducing or eliminating corrosion-

related failures of transit facilities, systems, and subsystems. • Minimize detrimental effects of stray earth currents during normal

transit operations to facilities owned by others. Corrosion control design shall be coordinated, as required, with other

transit project elements including mechanical, utility, electrical, civil, structural, trackwork, traction power, vehicle, environmental, geotechnical, architectural, safety system grounding, signaling, communications, safety and security.

16.1.2 Grounding and Bonding Grounding, Bonding, and Lightning Protection shall be designed to

address personal safety. In principle, to ensure the integrity of the grounding and bonding systems

and the longevity of the system components, particularly for buried or encased elements, the bonding and grounding designs shall create duplicate electrical continuity paths and provide for redundancy in jumpers and bonds.

This chapter also provides criteria for the electrical separation of outside

utility lines from the traction return and grounding systems.



Grounding is the establishment of a common reference voltage (typically 0

V) between power sources and/or electrical equipment. Electrical ground faults, short circuits, lightning, and transients can occur in electrical power supply and distribution systems or the facilities power systems. These design criteria specify requirements for the protective provisions relating to electrical safety in structures associated with the alternating current (ac) traction system. Grounding systems are intended to help clear faults in the quickest possible manner by providing a low impedance path for fault currents.

Grounding, bonding, and lightning protection are multi-disciplinary in

nature. The design shall consider and mitigate the negative effects of lightning, ground potential rise, contact with electrical power circuits, and induction. The various discipline designers must collaborate with one another to coordinate the overall grounding and bonding design, so that a consistent approach is used and applied by each discipline in the development of the electrical, power and structural grounding and bonding and lightning protection.

In addition, this chapter provides criteria for designs that will minimize the

touch voltage and ground return currents created by the electrification system and facilities electrical systems that will provide for the safety of passengers and operating personnel and minimize the hazards of electrical shock. The grounding and bonding system designs shall provide the means to carry electric currents into the earth under both normal and fault conditions without exceeding any operating and equipment limits or adversely affecting continuity of service.

For ac traction systems, grounding is the preferred method for reducing

potentials of the electrical system both during normal operations and under fault conditions to protect equipment and to provide safety for employees and the general public. Adequate bonding shall be designed and installed throughout the entire electrified system to provide proper return circuits for the normal traction power currents and fault currents, with grounding connections as detailed in these criteria.

Where multiple codes address the same issue, but specify differing

approaches or values, the most stringent requirement shall be met. Design documents shall identify each type of ground connection, consistent with the ground categories identified in the other chapters of the design criteria and as indicated in the following sections.



16.2 Design Codes 16.2.1 Corrosion Control

• American Concrete Institute (ACI) o ACI 201.2R: Guide to Durable Concrete o ACI 222R: Corrosion of Metals in Concrete o Publication SP-77: Sulfate Resistance of Concrete

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association

(AREMA) • American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) • American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM)

o ASTM C452-15: Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate

• American Water Works Association (AWWA) • Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) • Electronic Industries Association (EIA) • Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) • Publication No. FHWA-NHI-09-087 • Insulated Cable Engineers Associated (ICEA) • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) • NACE International (Corrosion Engineers)

o NACE SP0169: control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems

o NACE SP0315-2015/IEEE Std 1835: Standard for Atmospheric (Above Grade) corrosion Control of Existing Electric Transmission, Distribution, and Substation Structures by Coating Systems

• National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) • Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) • Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP Report 155) • Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL)

16.2.2 Grounding and Bonding

• European Standards (EN) o EN 50119 - 2001: Railway Applications – Fixed Installations –

Electric Traction Overhead Contact Lines o EN 50122-1 - 2011: Railway Applications – Fixed Installations -

Part 1. Protective provisions relating to electrical safety and earthing



o EN 50124-1 - 2001: Railway Applications – Insulation Coordination – Part 1. Basic requirements – Clearances and creepage distances for all electrical and electronic equipment

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) o IEEE Std. 80: IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding o IEEE Std. 81: IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity,

Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System (Part 1)

o IEEE Std. 142: IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Green Book)

o IEEE Std. 837: IEEE Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding

o IEEE Std. C2: National Electrical Safety Code • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60479: Effects of

Current on Human Beings and Livestock – Part 1 General Aspects • NACE SP 0177-14 Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning

Effects on Metallic Structures and Corrosion Control Systems • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

o NFPA 70: National Electrical Code o NFPA Std. 780: Standard for Installation of Lightning Protection

Systems • Pennsylvania Uniform Construction Code (UCC) IBC 2009 Chapter

27 (Electrical Code) • The Manual for Railway Engineering of the American Railway

Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA Manual) • Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

16.3 Frazer Design Criteria 16.3.1 Corrosion Control

Provide electrical continuity of reinforcing steel for cast in place concrete structures including the retaining walls and OCS foundations.

Provide corrosion control systems (cathodic protection and electrical

continuity) for new underground metallic piping. The corrosion control systems shall include bonded coatings, electrical continuity bonding, test stations, and galvanic anodes.

Cathodic protection system design shall be based on theoretical

calculations that include the following parameters:

• Estimated percentage of bare surface area (minimum 1 percent) • Cathodic protection current density (minimum of 1.0 mA/sq.ft. of bare

surface area)



• Estimated current output per anode • Estimated total number of anodes, size, and spacing • Minimum anode life of 25 years (minimum 50 percent efficiency) • Estimated anode groundbed resistance

Provide atmospheric corrosion control of above grade structures based on

environmental conditions through the use of materials selection, protective coatings, design, and sealants.

Provide stray current corrosion control if dc stray currents are identified in

the local vicinity which could impact underground structures including metallic utilities, the retaining wall reinforcing steel, and the OCS pole foundations.

16.3.2 Grounding and Bonding Provide grounding and bonding of reinforcing steel in cast in place

structures (retaining wall) to provide electrical continuity to accessible structures and a low resistance ground for steady state and fault current mitigation through the use of welding of the reinforcing steel.

Provide test stations along cast in place structures (retaining wall) to

provide a means of measuring the electrical continuity. If a non-electrically continuous structure (retaining wall) is used, any

above grade accessible metallic structures must be grounded through alternate means such as ground rods or ground mats.

OCS foundation reinforcing steel shall me made electrically continuous

through the use of welded reinforcing steel and grounded to the OCS poles and to a ground rod at each OCS pole location.

Confirm electrical continuity through testing procedures such as

measurement of the resistance between test stations or from end to end of an OCS pole foundation prior to installation in the ground.

The OCS poles shall be grounded through interconnection of the pole to

the static wire so that the ground resistance of the interconnected poles is kept low. Reinforced concrete and anchor bolt foundations, where the concrete is in good contact with the adjacent soil, are recognized as being good earth electrodes. Where the ground resistance of individual OCS poles exceeds 25 ohms, individual ground rods or other grounding solutions shall be applied. All other OCS structural supports (e.g., wall brackets, drop pipes, feeder wire brackets, etc.) shall be interconnected to the static wire.



Grounding and bonding of the running rails shall be provided to allow for the flow of the traction return current and take into account the connections to the static wires, impedance bonds, signal systems, and be coordinated with the train control designer.

Resistance to earth of ground beds, ground rods, and ground mats shall be

measured through the fall of potential method. Grounding provisions for the hand rail shall provide safety grounding for

steady state and fault currents as specified in these design criteria and in IEEE 80. The design shall comply with the IEEE 80 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding and other codes as indicated in Section 16.2.2.

Grounding provisions for the OCS poles shall provide safety grounding

for steady state and fault currents as specified in these design criteria and in IEEE 80. The design shall comply with the IEEE 80 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding and other codes as indicated in Section 16.2.2.

Contractor testing provisions shall include but not be limited to the

following:

• Any corrosion control and/or cathodic protection testing as specified in the referenced standards in Section 16.2.1.

• Electrical continuity testing of any structures to be made electrically continuous such as cast in place retaining wall reinforcing steel or OCS pole reinforcing steel using a Digital Low Resistance Ohmmeter (DLRO), Megger DLRO 10X or approved equal.

• Ground mats and ground rods or other grounding systems shall be tested for resistance to earth using the fall of potential method as specified in IEEE 81 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System (Part 1) prior to connecting the new grounding systems to existing grounding systems.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 17.0 – Traction Power


17.0 TRACTION POWER (Not Used)

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 17.0 – Traction Power



SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 18.0 – Overhead Contact System


18.0 OVERHEAD CONTACT SYSTEM 18.1 Introduction The Overhead Contact System (OCS) design criteria specified herein shall govern

the design and detailing of the following related components:

• Catenary system including supporting hardware. • Railroad catenary poles and/or structures. • Drilled shaft or caisson foundations.

The design shall meet SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and

Standards, revision 1 except as noted herein. Design exceptions to any provisions specified in this document must be submitted

to SEPTA for approval. 18.2 Design Codes and References Unless specified otherwise, the OCS design shall be in accordance with the

current editions of the following codes, standards or specifications:

• ACI 318 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete • AISC - Manual of Steel Construction, 14th Edition • AREMA - American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association • ASCE/SEI 7 - Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures • AWS D1.1 - American Welding Society Structural Welding Code - Steel • NESC - National Electric Safety Code • SEPTA - Structural Engineering Catenary Structure Design Criteria and

Standards, Rev. 1, 2006 • SEPTA - Structural Engineering Right of Way Design and Construction Standards

18.3 Catenary Catenary shall be simple catenary fixed termination type arrangement.

Wire Sizes: • Messenger Wire: 5/8” diameter copperweld, Type E. • Contact/Trolley: 336.4 kcmil solid grooved bronze • Hangers – Clips: 0.34” diameter class B bronze rod • Static Wire: 2/0 hard drawn copper, 7 stranded

Electrical Design Parameters:

• Design Electrical Insulation and Clearance: 25 kV nominal per AREMA Chapter 33 and NFPA.



• System Voltage: 12 kV at 25 Hertz, nominal. Clearance Criteria shall be in accordance with AREMA Chapter 33 Part 4.2.3

requirements. Railroad trolley wire height shall be between 19’-0” minimum and 22’-0”

maximum above top of the rail and match the existing at the location of the new structure(s).

The minimum contact wire height at grade crossing shall be 22’-0 under the worst

condition. 18.4 Loading Requirements Loading requirements shall comply with SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and Standards Revision 1 except that the extreme wind condition shall be

90 mph instead of 80 mph at 60 °F. 18.5 Loading Combinations and Load Factors Load combinations shall be in accordance with SEPTA’S Catenary Structure

Design Criteria and Standards Revision 1. Load factors shall be according to NESC Section 25 requirements. 18.6 Design and Analysis Design and analysis of the structural steel shall be either AISC ASD or LRFD

method as defined in SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and Standards, Revision 1.

The AREMA design margin does not apply to calculation of maximum

deflections or to the baseplate or direct embedment in a reinforced drilled concrete caisson.

The design and/or analysis of existing structures for new or revised loadings shall

be based upon current codes as modified herein. Calculations and drawings shall include a loading diagram. 18.7 Materials All Poles shall be wide flange shape steel ASTM A992 grade 50. All other

structural steel shall conform to ASTM A36. All shall be hot dipped galvanized.



All bolts, nuts and washers shall conform to ASTM A325, type N 7/8” diameter unless noted otherwise and shall be hot-dip galvanized.

Welding electrodes shall be E70xx. Anchor bolts or rods shall be ASTM F1554 Grade 36 or 55 weldable steel. Concrete shall have a compressive strength fc’=4,000 psi at 28 days. Foundation reinforcing steel shall be new deformed bars conforming to ASTM

A615 grade 60. Foundation rebars, anchor bolts or rods, embedment plate and attached hardware

shall be hot-dip galvanized. 18.8 Steel Design Details Steel design details shall be according to SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design

Criteria and Standards, Revision 1. Structures shall be detailed to accept SEPTA standard catenary hardware. 18.9 Foundation Design Foundation design shall be per SEPTA’S Catenary Structure Design Criteria and

Standards, Revision 1 unless noted otherwise. Foundations shall be drilled pier type (caisson). The use of a permanent steel

casing with a minimum 3/8” wall thickness and a yield strength of 35,000 psi is required and shall remain in place.

18.10 Miscellaneous All steel structures shall be grounded. Galvanized coating thickness for structural members shall not be less than 2.3 oz/sf. Provisions for the attachment of a static wire shall be on the top of all columns. The catenary structure number shall be permanently marked on the inbound and

outbound faces of all columns at four (4) feet above ground line using reflective paint or signs.

“Danger High Voltage” sign shall be installed on all columns per SEPTA

Standard.



A 5/8” diameter hole on the web of each pole at 12 inches above its base plate shall be provided for grounding connection. The grounding wire at the other end shall be connected to one of the foundation vertical reinforcing bars and the steel casing.

The location of structures shall not violate SEPTA’S minimum clearance

requirements.

The combined new storage Tracks 10, 11 and 12 shall be sectionalized.

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 19.0 – Communications


19.0 COMMUNICATIONS (Not Used)

SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria Chapter 19.0 – Communications



Chapter 20.0 – Fire/Life Safety SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria and Security


20.0 FIRE/LIFE SAFETY AND SECURITY (Not Used)

Chapter 20.0 – Fire/Life Safety SEPTA Frazer Shop & Yard Design Criteria and Security

