Design for Deconstruction and Materials Reuse

CIB Publication 272

Proceedings of the CIB Task Group 39 Deconstruction Meeting

9 April 2002 Karlsruhe, Germany

Edited by

Abdol R. Chini, University of Florida

Frank Schultmann, University of Karlsruhe

TG 39

CIB, International Council for Research and

Innovation in Building Construction Task Group 39: Deconstruction

www.cce.ufl.edu/affiliations/cib

Center for Construction and Environment

M.E. Rinker Sr., School of Building Construction College of Design, Construction and Planning

http://cce.ufl.edu/

French-German Institute for Environmental Research (DFIU) University of Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe, Germany http://www-dfiu.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/

http://www.cce.ufl.edu/affiliations/cibhttp://cce.ufl.edu/http://www-dfiu.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/

CIB General Secretariat International Council for Research and Innovation in Building Construction P.O. Box 1837 3000 BV Rotterdam the Netherlands http://www.cibworld.nl/ secretariat@cibworld.nl

Contents

Preface Paper 1 Design for Buildability and the Deconstruction Consequences

Philip Crowther Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Paper 2 Cost-effective Deconstruction by a Combination of Dismantling, Sorting, and

Recycling Processes A. Seemann, F. Schultmann and O. Rentz University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

Paper 3 Lightweight Aggregate Produced from Fine Fractions of Construction and Demolition

Waste M. Reinhold and A. Mueller Bauhaus-University Weimar, Weimar, Germany

Paper 4 Recycling of Clay Brick Debris

A. Mueller and U. Stark Bauhaus-University Weimar, Weimar, Germany

Paper 5 Resource-Constraint Project Scheduling For Deconstruction Projects Frank Schultmann and Otto Rentz University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

Paper 6 Controlling Environmental Impacts in the Dismantling Phase

Francesca Giglio Faculty of Architecture, Reggio Calabria, Italy

Paper 7 National R&D Project to Promote Recycle and Reuse of Timber Constructions in Japan: The Second Year Resuls (see footnote) Shiro Nakajima and Mikio Futaki Building Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Paper 8 Design for Recycling

Bart J.H. te Dorsthorst and Ton Kowalczyk Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

Paper 9 Design Aspects of Decomposable Building Structures

Elma Durmisevic and Jan Brouwer Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

Paper 10 Reconstructing Deconstruction John Storey Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Paper 11 Understanding the Concept of Flexibility in Design for Deconstruction Dennis S. Macozoma CSIR Building and Construction Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Paper 12 An Overview of Demolition, Recovery, Reuse and Recycling practices in Turkey Soofia Tahira Elias-zkan Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

Paper 13 Design for Deconstruction Tools and Practices

James Hurley, Chris Goodier, Elizabeth Garrod, Rob Grantham, Tom Lennon, and Anthony Waterman

BRE, Watford, UK Paper 14 Anticipating and Responding to Deconstruction through Building Design

Abdol R. Chini and Shailesh Balachandran University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

Paper 15 Design for Deconstruction and Materials Reuse

Bradley Guy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA and Scott Shell, Esherick, Homsey, Dodge & Davis Architecture, San Francisco, California, USA

Paper 16 Designing for Deconstruction Safety

Jimmie Hinze University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

Paper 17 Deconstructions Role in anEcology of Construction Charles Kibert University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Paper 18 Characterization of Aggregates from Recycled C7D Waste: A Proposal for its Use

and Commercialisation in Barquisimeto, Venezuela C. J. Surez and R. E. Malav Central-Western University Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela

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Preface Task Group 39 of International Council for Research and Innovation in Building Construction (CIB) was formed on 5 May 1999 in Gainesville, Florida (University of Florida) to produce a comprehensive analysis of, and a report on, worldwide building deconstruction and materials reuse programs that address the key technical, economic, and policy issues needed to make deconstruction and reuse of building materials a viable option to demolition and landfilling. The first meeting of TG 39 was on 19 May 2000 in Watford, England (BRE) and the groups first product is the fully electronic CIB Publication 252, Overview of Deconstruction in Selected Countries, which addresses the subject of deconstruction in eight countries: Australia, Germany, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The second publication of TG 39 is the CIB Publication 266, Deconstruction and Materials Reuse: Technology, Economic, and Policy. This electronic Proceedings includes ten fully reviewed papers presented at the second annual meeting of TG 39 that took place in conjunction with the CIB World Building Congress in Wellington, New Zealand on 6 April 2001. The papers address the technical, economic, and policy issues related to deconstruction and materials reuse in eight countries: Australia, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This electronic Proceedings includes eighteen fully reviewed papers presented at the third annual meeting of TG 39 that took place in Karlsruhe, Germany (DFIU - University of Karlsruhe) on 9 April 2002. The papers discuss design for deconstruction and other collateral issues such as recycling potential and materials reuse in eleven countries: Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela. All three publications can be downloaded at the Center for Construction and Environment website at the University of Florida (www.cce.ufl.edu/affiliations/cib). Thanks to the following TG 39 members for their thorough review of the papers and supply of constructive feedback that improved the overall quality of the papers: Helen Bowes, Philip Crowther, Bart te Dorsthorst, Soofia Tahira Elias-zkan, Bryn Golton, Bradley Guy, Kevin Grosskopf, Jimmie Hinze, Gilli Hobbs, Amnon Katz, Charles Kibert, Ton Kowalczyk, Jennifer Languell, Dennis Macozoma, Clodagh McGrath, Andrew Miller, Anette Muller, Larry Muszynski, Lars Myhre, Axel Seemann, John Storey, Carlos Suarez, John Taylor, Catarina Thormark, and David Wyatt. Abdol R. Chini and Frank Schultmann Editors

http://www.cce.ufl.edu/affiliations/cib

DESIGN FOR BUILDABILITY AND THE DECONSTRUCTION CONSEQUENCES Philip Crowther (Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia) SUMMARY The disassembly of a building may sound like the opposite of its assembly, but in practice it seldom occurs this way. The slow careful process of construction requires large numbers of people, large quantities of materials, and long periods of time. The reversal of this sequence is usually practiced as demolition and requires very little of the time and effort of the construction sequence. Despite these usual differences, if controlled and sequential disassembly were practiced instead of demolition, the construction and disassembly sequences could essentially be the same, one simply being the reversal of the other. This paper presents a discussion of buildability and the notion that designing a building for ease of assembly might also lead to ease of disassembly for future reuse and recycling. Principles of design for ease of assembly, or ease of construction, can be adapted to become principles of design for disassembly. If such reverse sequencing were to be attempted and designed for, both heuristic principles of buildability and broader philosophies or approaches to better assembly, should be valuable sources of knowledge in designing for disassembly. KEYWORDS: Buildability, Construction, Deconstruction, Design, Disassembly. INTRODUCTION The way in which we currently design and construct buildings in the industrialised world, is wasteful and irresponsible. Most buildings are designed with a life expectancy of just a few decades with no consideration of what will happen after their service life. In fact up to one third of all solid waste going to landfill comes from building construction and demolition [1]. The negative environmental impacts of this waste are substantial. Such waste can be avoided or reduced by increasing the current rates of reuse and recycling of building materials and components. One of the main obstacles to such reuse is that buildings are not designed for such ease of disassembly, and a developed knowledge base for design for disassembly does not yet exist. There are however a number of related fields of knowledge that might offer information that will be of use in designing for disassembly. These areas include: industrial design, architectural technology, structural engineering, building maintenance, and buildability. Research into this last area of buildability has already established some broad concepts and philosophies of how to achieve ease of assembly, as well as heuristic design principles of design for assembly. Information on how to design for ease of assembly should be transferable to create knowledge of how to design for disassembly.

DEFINING BUILDABILITY Several researchers and organisations have offered de