Design Interventions For Green Buildings

Workshop on

‘Use of Green Technologies in Real Estate’Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi

17.03.2015

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How can we make a sustainable and affordable project without

compromising on FSI and without increasing the cost?

Sustainability a passion or a business sense?

CONTENT

• Sustainability Potential in Master- Planning

• Case Study: Residential Township, Boisar

– Sustainability Interventions: Zoning

– Sustainability Interventions: Water

– Sustainability Interventions: Energy

– Sustainability Interventions: Solid-Waste

Management

– Ratings and Certification

• Inferences

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Integrated Community

Infrastructure / Landscape

Traffic Planning

Sustainable Building

Integrated water management

Sustainable Energy Planning

Eco friendly Building Materials

Solid waste Management

SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL

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CASE STUDY: RESIDENTIAL TOWNSHIP, MAYURESH BUILDERS (BOISAR, MAHARASHTRA)

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CASE STUDY: RESIDENTIAL TOWNSHIP, MAYURESH BUILDERS (BOISAR, MAHARASHTRA)

Original Plan Proposed Development

Opportunities for Improvement:

• Planning Efficiencies

• Optimizing zoning and Ground coverage

• Efficient road network and drive ways

• Water, energy and solid waste system planning

• Introducing other sustainability elements

Cluster Planning:

• Creation of distinct clusters with open spaces within cluster

• Introduced a new row house product around the central green

• Decentralized infrastructure

Central Green:• Common large central green for

community interactions• All open spaces connected

through a green corridor• Every house will has a green

view

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SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: ZONING

Creation of cluster greens and open space act as breathing spaces for such dense developments

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• Stilt parking for 50% of the buildings• Minimum drive ways (reduced roads and

pathways)• Linear green spaces without vehicular

movement

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Facades that require shading

April 1pm-5pm under shade

Landscape is designed to:

• Consume less water.• Shade the necessary building façade• Create interesting space for interaction• Shade the walkways• Support the grey water treatment system• Encourage people to use walkways• Respond the climate and season

The building blocks are climate responsive:

• Sun path analysis• Building orientation• Improvised day lighting• Improved natural ventilation• Thermal insulation

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• Climate analysis:

– Building Orientation

– Building positioning

• Shadow analysis:– Landscape design

– Protection from weather

• Cluster based approach:– Efficient use of smaller spaces

– Hierarchy of open spaces

– Decentralized infrastructure

– Green corridor

– Increased community interaction opportunities

Jogging track of: 2.5 Km

Community space: Central, Each Cluster

Additional ventilation: 30%

Shaded pathways: 100%

Improved product mix, increased day light, increased ventilation, elderly friendly and pedestrian safe master planning & architectural improvements have brought quality enhancement and value to the project

Enhanced Product Quality:

VALUE CREATION: ZONING

SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: WATER

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Key Objectives

• Future water security

• Grid independence

• Minimization of fresh water consumption

• Decentralized infrastructure leading to cost optimization

Water Budgeting and Balancing

Scientific investigations

Rain-water harvesting

Waste water treatment (low-maintenance)

Storm water management

Wastewater reuse/disposal

Key Themes

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SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: WATER

Integrated Water Management

Uses & Demand

Supply Source

Socio Economic

Perspective

Stream, ponds, lakes

Water Quality

Losses:•Transmission•Evapo-transpiration•System

Others

Storm Water Management

Rain Water Harvesting

Municipal Water

Waste Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Precipitation

Sedim

ent

Erosio

n

Co

ntro

l

Safe Discharge

WW Treatment

Waste Water (Black/Grey)

Disposal

Data Needs:

•Meteorological Data

•Geological Data

•Topography

•Area

•Reuse Purpose

Demand Management•Low Flow Fixtures•Metering•Water Pricing•Saving Tips

Balancing

MappingKitchen

Cooling

Landscape

Washing

Bathing

Miscellaneous

Type of Use

Occupancy

Project Features

Demand Quantification

Recycled

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TOTAL ANNUAL WATER BALANCE: ALL Phases

APPLICATION

DEMAND SOURCE OF WATER

CUMGovernment

SupplyGround*

WaterSurface Water

Recycle WaterGrey Black

Drinking & Cooking 16,754 0 16,754

Washing Utensils 16,754 4,358 12,396

Bathing 75,391 75,391

Washing Clothes 41,884 41,884 0

Lifestyle 3,449 3,449

Flushing 75,391 75,391 75,391

School 4,050 0 4,050

Club house 7,539 0 7,539

Market Area 460 0 460

Swimming Pool 8,575 8,575

Landscaping 21,634 21,634

Plantation 3,600 3,600

Water Feature( channels) 11,567 11,567

Annual Requirement 287,047 200,473 49,773 0 112,192 0Supply Requirements 315,751 220,520 54,750 0 123,411 0

Annual Availability 315,751 220,520 54,750 650 131,096 0

Excess water for Disposal 0 7,685 0

Water Demand (KLD):

Residential: 300 (Fresh water : 221, Flushing : 79)

Landscape & Others: 117

Total :417

Water Sourcing (KLD):

Ground Water: 150Government Supply: 83Treated Waste Water: 184

Total: 417

Phase I: Water dependence on municipal supply has been reduced to 83 KLD which is expected to further reduce with improvements in ground water quality and quantity due to rain water harvesting

Phase I

WATER BALANCING

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SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

• Hydrological Analysis

• Geo-physical Investigation

– Electrical resistivity test

– Groundwater quality analysis

• GIS based mapping & analysis

Geo-electric Resistivity Test Point Location Soil Typology

Salinity Test Ground Water DepthPotential Yield Test

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A low operating cost waste water treatment scheme which blends well with landscape

• 100% grey water treatment by Natural system

• Treated water reuse for

– 100% toilet flushing and

– 100% gardening requirements

• Septic tanks followed by STP for ‘Black’ water

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

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• The system is designed such that runoff water flows through perforated channels, recharges groundwater and the surplus flow exits the site from the N-E corner, South and S-W corner in to natural drains

• No part of the development should be flooded

Key Features:

•Storm water channels act as recharge channels (perforations at bed)

•The storm network is an open grass swale sections network and road crossings in pipes

•Rainwater runoff (during monsoon season) and treated ‘grey’ water (during other seasons) shall be used to maintain the water feature

•Incorporates silt traps and flood prevention measures

STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

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RAIN WATER HARVESTING

RWH System:

• 40 % of total runoff from site

• 100 % of roof top runoff

RWH Structures:

• 10 recharge bore wells (injection wells)

• 30 recharge shafts

• 25 recharge pits (along drainage channel)

• Central water body

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• Demand/Supply & Balancing

• Storm Water Management:

– No flooding

– Detention pond

– Rain Water Harvesting Strategy

• Grass swales

• Dug wells

• Injection wells

• Decentralized Waste Water Treatment:

– Localized reuse

– Localized disposal

• Water Sourcing & Distribution

– Water security

– Decentralized distribution

Enhanced Product Quality:

Reduction in demand: 30%

Dependency on municipal supply: 25%

Freshwater use for landscape & flushing: 0%

Rooftop rainwater harvesting: 100%

Total Rainfall harvesting: 43%

Grey water treatment & reuse: 100%

Conventional practice:

• 100% recharge by injection wells• Centralized waste water treatment• Centralized water supply by gravity• Dual plumbing for water supply

VALUE CREATION: WATER MANAGEMENT

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ParticularIncremental Capital

Cost (Rs/sft)Cost savings in O&M

(Rs/sft/yr)

Waste water treatment 0 -2.14

Decentralized waste water treatment -2.32 -

Grass swales for storm water -4.24 -

Water Distribution scheme -2.44 Marginal savings

Water efficient fixtures* 0 -0.35

Reuse of water* 0 -0.93

Rain Water Harvesting Scheme -8.15 -

Detention Pond 1.96 0.1

Cost of black water collection & Disposal 6.52 -

Decentralized irrigation system -0.37 Marginal Savings

Total -9.04 -3.32

•O&M saving in terms of fresh water cost only•** Total Built-Up Area: 30,6874 sft

COST IMPACT OF WATER MEASURES

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Measure Value

Net Saving in Capital Investment 27.7 lakh (9.04 Rs./sqft)

Net saving in Maintenance Cost 10.2 lakhs per yr (3.32 Rs/sqft/yr)

Cumulative Effect of all Measures

Additional Benefits:• Increased water security• Valuable inputs for GW quality and recharge requirements• A zero water requirement/discharge potential site• Enhanced redundancies & lesser dependence on back up power for water distribution

(due to increased storage)• Most economic utilization of small spaces in parcels and savings in dedicated areas• Reduced impermeable area • Reduced heat island effect• Ease of phasing due modularity of solutions• Better risk mitigation

SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: ENERGY

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• Base case identification

• Load calculation and sizing with conventional equipment and energy-supply options, with broad estimate of capital and operation expenditure

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• Identification of sustainable energy goals

• Enlisting sustainability guidelines to meet the goals

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• Options analysis

• Introduction of different sustainability measures, including Energy Efficient and Renewable Energy options to meet the sustainability goals

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• Sustainability impact measurement

• Measuring the impact of sustainability measures on load calculation and infrastructure sizing

• Carrying out the cost benefit analysis of the sustainability measures

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• Proposed case identification and revision of calculations

• Finalization of the proposed measures

• Revised load and equipment sizing

Process

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Final transformer size reduced from 3,250 KVA to 2,360 KVA due to energy efficiency measures

Unit Type Base-case kW Revised kW % Load Reduction

1 BHK 5.5 2.5 54%

2 BHK 8.0 5.0 37%

3 BHK, Twin Bungalows 10.0 7.0 30%

Base Case Energy Efficient Case

Interior & exterior lighting with T8 lamps+ magnetic ballast

Interior & exterior lighting with T5 lamps + electronic ballast

Conventional inefficient fans in houses Efficient BEE star rated fans in houses

Electric geysers in houses Solar water heaters for all houses (~25%)

Conventional non-star rated electric equipments

BEE star rated air conditioners in houses

Conventional grid electricity based street lights

Solar powered street lights

Inverter for internal load back-up Inverter for internal load back-up

Overall load reduction of 27%

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• More than 25% Renewable Energy:

– Solar Water Heater

– Solar Street Lighting

– Solar Power back

• Energy Efficient Equipment:

– Lighting and Fan (Internal)

– Energy Efficient Air-conditioner

– Energy Efficient External Lighting

Enhanced Product Quality:

Reduction in per house load: ~2kW

Transformer Capacity: 900 kVA (27%)

Inverter Capacity: 89 kVA (25%)

VALUE CREATION: ENERGY MANAGEMENT

• Load reduction and renewable energy systems useful in areas with regular power-cuts• Higher capital costs for energy efficient equipment recovered through reduced operation and

maintenance costs

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Particular

Incremental Capital Cost by

Developer (Rs/sft)

Incremental Capital Cost by

Individuals (Rs/sft)

Incremental Common

Maintenance Cost (Rs/sft/yr)

Incremental Operation Cost for

Individuals (Rs/sft/yr)

Solar Water Heater 22.4 -5.8 2.2 -5.3

EE Lighting and Fans (Internal)

- -1.6 - -6.9

Energy-efficient Air-conditioner

- 4.8 - -2.4

EE Lighting (External) 0 0.26 -0.86 0

Solar Street Lighting 0.4 - -0.05 0

Total 22.8 -2.34 1.29 -14.6

COST IMPACT OF ENERGY MEASURES

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SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Household

Landscape

Sources

School

Commercial

Hospital/ Medical

Bio Degradable

Bio Fuel

E-Waste

Recyclable

Bio-Medical

Type

Composting

On Site Bio Energy

Off siteDisposal

Recycle

Treatment

OWC

Incinerator

VermiComposting

Selling

Options

On Site Compost

On Site Bio Energy

End Use

Municipal Landfill

Construction Waste

For use in Activated

Carbon Filter

Collection by designated

firms

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Landfill Refuge

ReceptionSelection

tablePre - selection of

bulky objects

Grinding of predominantly organic

fraction

Recyclable Material Recoverable

Material

Compost curing piles Storage of composted ground material

SievingRefuse

Organic Preparation (Compost)

876 kg/day(100%)131 kg/day

(15%)

333 kg/day(38%)

666 kg/day(76%)

131 kg/day(15%)

35 kg/day(Humidity

Loss)(04%)

110 kg/day(12.6%)

44 kg/day(05%) 22 kg/day

(2.5%)

701 kg/day(80%)

109 kg/day(12.5%)

832 kg/day(95%)

22 kg/day(2.5%)

22 kg/day(2.5%)

333 kg/day(38%)

67 kg/day(7.6%)

67 kg/day(7.6%)

266 kg/day(30.4%)

Loss of MatterHeat + CO2+Water

SUSTAINABLE WASTE COLLECTION & MANAGEMENT SYSTEM : BOISAR (PHASE 1)

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• Centralized Collection

• Centralized Sorting

• Local reseller program

• Vermi-composting

Waste leaving for landfill: 5%

Recoverable material: 15%

Compost: 30%

• Developer will spend ~35 lakh for this initiative• It is a quality value addition to the project as currently there is no comprehensive solid waste

management plan in the area- leading to unattended waste

VALUE CREATION: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Enhanced Product Quality:

IGBC GREEN HOMES RATING

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Credit Category Possible Points Attempting

Site Selection & Planning 9 9

Water Efficiency 20 18

Energy Efficiency 21 17

Materials 12 9

Indoor Environment Quality 7 9

Innovation & Design Process 4 4

Total 75 64

• Sustainability interventions at Master-Planning level make it easier to achieve higher ratings for Green Homes Certification

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• Sustainability is far more cost effective when incorporated at the design stage itself

• Numerous sustainability initiatives help reduce capital expenditure

• Many solutions are cost neutral or have reasonable payback periods

• By leveraging cost reduction in some areas, investment can be increased in others to be net neutral on upfront costs

SUSTAINABLE IS ALSO AFFORDABLE

INFERENCES