Malik Sameeullah, PG Student

World Energy and Environment Technology Coventry, CV3 1PG, UK; Email: conference@weentech.co.uk

Design of Solar Assisted Electric Rickshaw: A Step Towards Green Transport System

5. Conclusions

1. Objectives

2. Introduction

3. Proposed Solar Electric Rickshaw

4. Solar Charging Station

International Seminar on Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, Royal University of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan 15-17th June, 2015 Bhutan

Datalogger +

School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Kurukshetra, India-136119

To promote the renewable energy based transport solution for the smart city Proposed the smart transport solution with improved end to end connectivity To modified the Indian version of Electric Rickshaw with solar PV as an additional source The design concept of Solar assisted hybrid electric rickshaw with overall benefits is presented Estimation of financial benefit and carbon emission reduction Concept of Solar Charging Station for metropolitan city

Auto Rickshaw is a three wheel public transport vehicle. It is popular in Asian cities i.e. New Delhi, Mumbai, Dhaka etc. Electric Rickshaw is a modified form of auto rickshaw with BLDC (Brushless DC) motor and a

battery for energy supply. It is a partially green public transport medium The standard specification of electric rickshaw is not available. So, average model of

e-rickshaw is considered for the analysis. Company Name

Specification

KER SWE

(Mushafir)

GEM ETI

(AAshrit-P)

EEO

(Z8)

Avg. Model

Motor (BLDC) (W) 1000 1000 1000 - - 1000

Battery Type Deep Discharge Lead Acid Battery

Battery Rating @48V (Ah) 100 80 or 110 - 100 100 100

Charging time (hr) - - - 7-8 7-8 7-8

Maximum Speed (Km/hr) 27 25 25 22 30 26

Dimension (Width) (mm) - 950 1000 950 950 963

Dimension (Length) (mm) - 2730 2700 2615 2870 2729

Dimension (Height) (mm) 1860 1750 1025 1860 1623

Total Weight (Kerb) (Kg) 160 - - - 180 170

Loading Capacity (Kg) 500 - 450 400-500 500 500

Mileage per charge 85 90-120 90-100 90 80 85

Seating Capacity 4+1 5+1 4+1 4+1 5+1 5+1 Notation: KER: Kuku E-Rickshaw Pvt. Ltd., SWE: Speedways Electric, GEM: Goenka Electric Motor Vehicle Pvt. Ltd., ETI: E Tricycle Pvt.

Ltd., EEO: eeon India Pvt. Ltd.

Calculation of average specification of Electric Rickshaw

The Solar PV panel at the roof of electric rickshaw can be used to boost the capacity of battery. The solar PV panel without changing the original design of the e-rickshaw is considered. The approximate area available for the PV panel installation is 2.6 sq. meter.

Existing Electrical Rickshaw Block diagram of solar e-rickshaw Circuit diagram for the connection of PV panel

The PV panels above the roof of e-rickshaw are prone to partial shading and it is advisable to use Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller with Partial shading mitigation ability.

High efficiency PV panel (20.1%) is considered for the analysis i.e. SPR-327 NE WHT-D panel.

Due to PV panel, the load of solar e-rickshaw is increased by 40 Kg.

After calculation, it is found that 560 W panel can be installed above the roof of rickshaw.

The yearly energy generated by the PV panel ( PVwatts analysis) = 759 KWh

Per day average energy available from the solar PV panel = 2097 Wh

After including the Partial shading loss of 10%, per day energy available from the PV panel =1871 Wh

Calculation and Analysis

With fully charged battery, Average distance covered by the e-rickshaw (as per the data available from the survey) =85 km.

The 6% extra energy consumption for each Km is considered for the solar e-rickshaw

The average distance covered by the proposed solar e-rickshaw =124 Km

Results obtained from the calculation is also verified using ADVISOR (Vehicle Simulator).

It is considered that per day average distance travel by e-rickshaw is 85 Km and the rate of grid electricity for the charging of battery is 10 INR/KWh @ 5 unit for one 100 Ah battery.

Description Electric Rickshaw Solar Electric Rickshaw Initial Cost -160000 INR -226000 INR Yearly cost of energy purchasing -18250 INR -8087 INR Yearly fare collected with (30 trip per day with 4 passenger) @10 INR +438000 INR +438000 INR Yearly maintenance cost @ 10% of initial cost -18000 INR -18000 INR Yearly battery replacement cost -23000 INR -16000 INR Driver compensation with 15000 INR per month -180000 INR -180000 INR Saving at the end of first year +32750 INR -17130 INR Yearly saving without considering the initial cost of rickshaw +192,750 INR +208870 INR

Financial Analysis between e-rickshaw and solar e-rickshaw

The clean and green energy term is most widely used for electric rickshaw.

But, the grid electricity used for the battery charging is not from the renewable source.

Due to lack of proper infrastructure and charging station, 40-60 min is lost during battery replacement.

The concept of solar charging station is an one step toward the green energy mission.

The survey for the feasibility of solar charging station in New Delhi is performed.

One of the e-rickshaw route with coordinate (28o 32’ N, 77o 17’ E) is identified.

At present, thirty e-rickshaws are operated on this route and the length of the stretch is 2.7 Km.

In rough approximation, the charging station with energy capacity of 30x100x48 Wh is required

The HOMER tool is used for the optimization of the proposed plant

The approximate flat rate of 8 INR/KWh for grid electricity is considered and the sell back price of 6 INR/KWh is assumed for the analysis.

The rate of bank loan and the inflation rate considered for the analysis are 11.5% and 5% respectively.

System block diagram of the Solar Charging Station and the considered load profile for the charging station Optimization window of HOMER for Solar Charging Station

The GPS map of the surveyed route for solar e-rickshaw (coordinate 28o 32’ N, 77o 17’ E, Location: Okhla, New Delhi)

The pictorial view of the suggested solar charging station

Conclusions and Benefits of Solar Charging Station

Per unit energy cost from the proposed charging station is 10.2 INR

It helps to reduce the yearly carbon emission by 9860 Kg.

Despite the scarcity of land for the installation, cities have a potential to setup Solar Charging Stations

It promotes the renewable energy and gives a innovative idea to save energy and save earth

A demonstration of Solar Charging Station near a flyover

The mileage of electric rickshaw (Km Per Fully Charged Battery) can be improved by using solar PV system as an alternative source.

The average mileage of the proposed Solar e-rickshaw is 124 Km. The analysis shows that Solar e-rickshaw is a good solution for end to end connectivity (last

mile connectivity). For the public transport system, the Solar e-rickshaw is a partial green technology. The Solar Charging Station is another innovative concept and it provides a basic infrastructure

for the electric vehicle. At present scenario, Solar Charging Station is a feasible energy solution for energy starving

nation.

For more detail please visit: https://sites.google.com/site/ renewablezone/ or contact at: malik.sameeullah@gmail.com

Acknowledgement Author would like to thank Prof. Akhilesh Swarup, Coordinator, School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency, NIT Kurukshetra for his positive advice and suggestion.

(Renewable Energy Design Idea)

(Notation: INR: Indian Rupees, 63.49 INR = 1 US Dollar)

Financial support from: Advancetech India Pvt. Ltd., Chandigarh

Acknowledgement

WEENTECH