design research : research for/on/by design kevin mccartney cork centre for architectural education...
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Design Research :Research for/on/by Design
Kevin McCartney Cork Centre for Architectural Education August 2009
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What is “research”?
“a systematic activity with the goal of Knowledge”
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What is “research”?
“a systematic activity with the goal of Knowledge”
“the collection, manipulation and presentation of Information”
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What is “research”?
“a systematic activity with the goal of Knowledge”
“the collection, manipulation and presentation of Information”
“a personal framework for increasing understanding”
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
“Working in philosophy – like working in architecture … - is really more a working on oneself … On one’s way of seeing things”
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Paul Valery
“The more I meditate on my art, the more I practice it, the more I think and act, the more I feel my own being with an even surer delight and clarity”
Paul Valery (1932) Socratic Dialogue concerning Eupalinos, the architect
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What is “doctoral research”? an original
and significant contribution to knowledge
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What is “doctoral research”? an original
and significant contribution to knowledge
which is communicable
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What is “doctoral research”? an original
and significant contribution to knowledge
which is communicable the sources of which can be re-
traced
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Fields ofACADEMIC ENQUIRY
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
CP Snow(1957): “Two Cultures”
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Fields ofACADEMIC ENQUIRY
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
DESIGN
Bruce Archer (1979): “Designerly Approach to Knowledge”
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Characteristic Modes of Discourse, Development & Testing
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
DESIGN
Math &Experiment
Natural language
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Characteristic Modes of Discourse, Development & Testing
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
DESIGN
MathNatural language
Modelling: (graphic & physical)
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Where did architecture research begin?
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
DESIGN
MathNatural language
Modelling
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Where did architecture research begin?
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
DESIGN
MathNatural language
Modelling
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Where is architecture research going?
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
DESIGN
MathNatural language
Modelling
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What is “design research”?“… is the comparison of designs”T. De Jong & Leen van Duin (2000) Ways to Study … Design
N.B. De Jong uses trhe term Design Research as just one of several types of research related to design: that “describes and analyses existing designs with a known context”
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De Jong’s categories of ways to research design Naming & describing Design research & typology Evaluating Modelling Programming & optimising Technical study Design study Study by design
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What is “design research”? Research for Design Research on/about design Research by Design
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What is “design research”? Research for Design Research on/about design Research by Design
– “Studying the effects of actively and systematically varying both design solutions and their context” (De Jong, 2005)OR
– Exploration of possibilities
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UoA 63 descriptor & boundaries
fine arts; applied arts and crafts; spatial, 2D & 3D art and design; photography, time-based and digital media; critical, historical and cultural studies contributions to policy, management and
entrepreneurship in creative industry, A&D contributions to the construction of a
scholarly infrastructure curatorship; pedagogic research in areas identified
UK HEFCE
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Generic Quality Levels
4* Quality that is world-leading in terms of originality, significance and rigour.
3* Quality that is internationally excellent in terms of originality, significance and rigour but which nonetheless falls short of the highest standards of excellence
2* Quality that is recognised internationally in terms of originality, significance and rigour.
1* Quality that is recognised nationally in terms of originality, significance and rigour.
u/c
Quality that falls below the standard of nationally recognised work. Or work which does not meet the published definition of research for the purposes of this assessment.
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Quality of Research Outputs
• Significance. The degree to which the work has enhanced, or is likely to enhance, knowledge, thinking, understanding and/or practice in its field.
• Originality. The degree to which the work has developed new formulations or data and/or initiated new methods and/or forms of expression.
• Rigour. The degree of intellectual precision, systematic method and/or integrity embodied in the research.
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What is “doctoral research”? an original
and significant contribution to knowledge
which is communicable the sources of which can be re-
traced
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What is a “professional doctorate”? Original
SignificantContribution to Practice
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What is a “professional doctorate”? Original
SignificantContribution to Practice
Doctoral level but not equivalent to PhD
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What is a “professional doctorate”? Original
SignificantContribution to Practice
Doctoral level but not equivalent to PhD
May be more prized by industrial/professional employers
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What is “design research”? Research for Design Research on/about design Research by Design
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Brainstorming for types of “design research”? FORM THREE GROUPS to
brainstorm:
RED group: “Research for Design” ORANGE : “Research on/about
design” BLUE group: “Research by Design”
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Brainstorming scenario: for ALL groups
a design team is proposing a very tall building for the local town centre. Concern is anticipated regarding its impact on views across the city and on sun, light and wind on the neighbouring buildings and public spaces.
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Brainstorming scenario:RED Group: Design FOR Research
What issues and methods might you tackle in this scenario?
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Brainstorming scenario:ORANGE Group: Research ON Design
What issues and methods might you tackle in this scenario?
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Brainstorming scenario:BLUE Group: Design BY Research
What issues and methods might you tackle in this scenario?