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SI OnlineSI Online(practice questions)
Spring 2009
Topic 25, 26Topic 25, 26Woody Stems and Secondary Xylem
Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Botany Lab.,
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What cause a plant to grow laterally (secondary growth)? (two things)
What is the name of the tip of a plant shoot or root that cause the plant to increase in length (primary growth)? Apical meristem
Vascular cambiumCork cambium
Where is the primary growth of vascular system derived from? Procambium
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A BC D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H:I:J:
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Secondary phloemPrimary phloem EpidermisPeridermCortexDilated phloem rayVascular cambiumSecondary xylemXylem rayPrimary xylem
Label
Which one causes secondary growth (grow in girth) in plants?G: Vascular cambium
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A B C D
E FWhat is the name of outer tissue that replaces the epidermisreplaces the epidermis as the secondary protective tissue of the plant? Periderm
B: Cork(phellem), C: Cork cambium, D: Phelloderm
A:B:C:D:E:F:
EpidermisCorkCork cambiumPhellodermCollenchymaParenchyma
Label.
It consists of three parts. What are they?
What is the name of meristem that produces the periderm?C: Cork cambium
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A
B C
DE
F
G
I
A:B:C:D:E:F:G(1,2,&3):H(line):I:
Vascular cambiumLenticelCortexPeridermPhloem raySecondary xylem Growth rings Xylem rayPith
H
Label.
Which part can be used to estimate the age of plant?
Parenchyma(ground tissue)What type of tissue in the structure I?G: growth ring
What is the function of structure B?Gas exchange
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A
BC
DE
FA:B:C:D:E:F:G(b/w C and D)
LenticelEpidermisCorkPhellodermCortexCuticle Cork cambium
Label
Which one causes secondary growth (grow in girth) in plants?G: Cork cambiumWhat is function of structure A?Lenticel: gas exchange
G
Is the structure G living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork cambium:Living tissue
Is the structure C living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork: Non-living tissue
Is the structure D living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Phlelloderm: Living parenchyma tissue
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A
B
CDE
Label.A:B:C:D:E:
epidermis(dead)CorkCork cambiumPhellodermCortex
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Is the structure C living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork cambium:Living tissue
Is the structure B living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork: Non-living tissue
Is the structure D living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Phlelloderm: Living parenchyma tissue
What is collectively called the structure B, C, & D? Periderm
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A: Sap woodB: Heart wood
ASecondary xylemWhat is wood?
What are names of A& B?
B
Is part B living or non-living(dead) tissue?Heartwood: Non-living(dead) tissue
Is part A living or non-living(dead) tissue?Sapwood: Living tissue
What is the function of A?Sapwood: Water conductingReserve materials
What is the function of B?Heartwood: Support but non-conducting
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A
B
C
D
G
E
F
Label.
A:B:C:D:E:F:G:
Outer barkInner bark (secondary phloem)Vascular cambiumSecondary xylemGrowth ringPhloem rayXylem ray
What is collectively called all the tissues outside the structure C? BarkWhat consists of?
Secondary phloem& periderm
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Label.
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A
B
C
ED
A:B:C:D:E:F:
Terminal budLateral budTerminal bud-scale scarsBud scarLeaf scarLenticels
F
G
H
I
J
G:H:I:J:K:
Terminal budLateral budTerminal bud-scale scarsLeaf scarLenticels K
What is the function of structure F or K?Lenticels: Gas exchange
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How can we estimate the age of stem in a plant?Count the portion of the stem between terminal bud-scale scars.
How old is the left stem? 6-year old
What is the name of yellowish structure?Function?Lenticel: gas exchange
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6-year old
Count the growth rings.How can we estimate the age of a plant?
How old is the left plant?
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What kinds of plant can be this structure seen in?A
B
Softwood? hardwood? How do you know?Softwood; Tracheids only present.
A:B:
Resin ductRay
Conifers
Label.
What is the function of A?
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Secrete and carry resin.
What type of vascular tissue are you seen?
Secondary xylem
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Hardwod; Both tracheids & vessel elements present.
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Magnoliids and Eudicots
Softwood? hardwood? How do you know?
What kinds of plant can be this structure seen in?
What type of vascular tissue are you seen?
Secondary xylem
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Softwood?Hardwood?
Softwood
Hardwood
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A
B
Which one, A or B is early wood? Late wood?
A: late wood vesselB: early wood vessel
Softwood HardwoodHardwood
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What kind of section are you seen in each?
Radial sectionTransverse section
Tangential section
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What kind of section are you seen in each?
Radial section
Transverse section Radial section
Tangential section
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Radial section Transverse section
Tangential section
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Radial section
Transverse section Tangential section