designing a city for all

8/8/2019 Designing a City for All

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International workshop Sensing the CityGdensk, Poland (18/10/2009 31/10/2009)

COORDINATORGdansk University of Technology - Politechnika Gdaska Poland www.pg.gda.pl

PATNERSUniversit degli Studi Roma Tre Italy, www.pism.uniroma3.it

- . .

Universit degli Studi dellAquilla Italy www.univaq.it


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Universit degli Studi Roma Tre -

www.uniroma3.itwww.p sm.un roma . t

Dr. Antonio Caperna, PhD

Designing a city for all(senses)


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Medical and Social model


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Disability: Medical and Social model

A disabled person is one

who has a condition called a

his or her ability to perform

one or more activities of

everyday living.For example, locomotion

n oors an go ng outs e ,

getting dressed,


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Form of disabilitiesDisability may involve physical impairment, sensory

mpa rmen , cogn ve or n e ec ua mpa rmen , men a

disorder, or various types of chronic disease.


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Different problems, different needs

Multisensorial design

u t p y approac

To take into account

multiply options and

combine it


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BUT.

disabled is an identity

born with, as disabilities

than congenital.

e.g. TAB, Temporarily Able-Bodied

many people will develop disabilities at some point in

their lives, due to accidents, illness (physical, mental

or emotional), or late-emerging effects of genetics.


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..Disabilit refers to thesocial effects of

h sical emotional ormental impairment

We can talk aboutsoc a mo e o

disability


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the real issue is the societal response todisability

if a community:

a ows p ys ca , arc ec ura ,

transportation, and otherbarriers toremain in place, society is creating

handicaps that oppress individuals

with disabilities.

,

with disabilities can function at much

higher levels


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n v gn p n p


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Universal design principles

Universal design

is an approach to the design of

products, services andenvironments to be usable by as

many people as possible

,

situation.

concept of an inclusive society

and its importance has beenrecogn ze y governmen s,

business and industry.


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Princi les develo ed b the Centre for Universal Desi n North CarolinaState University

Princi le 1: E uitable UsePrinciple 2: Flexibility in UsePrinciple 3: Simple and Intuitive Use

Principle 5: Tolerance for ErrorPrinciple 6: Low Physical Effort


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constrains into

opportunity

Universal Design and urbanenvironment


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WHY/WHATEthics, Social

UNIVERSAL

DESIGN HOW? Change

,

WHERE

Industrial design Web design

.

URBAN

ENVIRONMENT


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Universal Design and urban environment

Problem concern

Indoor

environment

Outdoor

environment

HousesTheoretical aspect

Flatswork-place

public officesTechnical aspect

Existing spaces

New spaces


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UD and Urban EnvironmentUniversal Design and urban environment

Urban Environment

Problem concern

Historicalcities

moderncities


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architectural barriers

p ys ca o s ruc ons


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,

hierarchy and clear differences

from edestrian s aces and

vehicular traffic,

paving,

pedestrian crossing,

signals


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informationlack of signals or too much info that allow

the orientation and the reco nizabilit of

the places and the sources of danger


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Realization of informationalmodules or tactile maps in tube

station, bus stop, public buildings,etc.


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,absence of accessible toilettes,

information points,

absence of ublic service or reen areas

etc.


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differences of levels, slopes

distances


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Identification of the needs

piazza Navona


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Universal Design and urban environmentsite


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We must consider all aspects of the outdoor environment:

s ree ne wor , s ape an ype;

open space;

materials and kerbs;

street/footway widths;

street furniture, including seating and signage Cultural and Architectural heritage


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GOALUrban space should have certain qualities if it is to be responsiveto human feelings and sensibilities

A legible environment - hierarchy of street types, Entrances to places and buildings are clearly

visible and obvious

A distinctive environment - Urban and building form is varied There is a variety of landmarksincluding historic and civic buildings, distinctive structures and

, ,

A safe environment - Bicycle lanes are separate from footways, Paving is flat, smooth and non-slip, Street lighting is adequate for people with visual impairments, Level changes are clearly

Physical and mental health - Opportunities for exercise and access to fresh air

- .

wayfinding ability and ability to go out

Sense of community - Belonging and social support networks

Autonomy and control - Independence, self-actualisation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy

.


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Basic Access refers to peoples ability to access goods, services andactivities that society considers particularly important (also called essentialor lifeline).

Basic Access typically includes:

Emergency services (police, fire, ambulances, etc.) Public services and utilities

Basic food and clothing Education and employment (commuting)

Freight delivery A certain amount of social and recreational activities


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Application

ANALYSIS


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Universal Design and urban environmentANALYSIS


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Road network

Parking areas

Pedestrian areas

Small roads

Bus stop

ax s a on

Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico

U i l D i d b i


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services

Religious building

Public offices

Cultural buildings

ea serv ces

Commercial roads


U i l D i d b i t


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rc tectura er tage


U i l D i d b i t


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Obstacles and protruding elements in the

path of travel

Low overhanging signs

Lack of warning signs aroundobstructions

Sidewalk narrow

Rubbish skips

ar par ng

disconnected road is cause of danger Absence of blind guide

-

Sidewalk

Paving of the road improve the sound of

Car/motorbyke parking

Low level of communication

Source. Dr. Antonio Caperna, Accessibilit nel Rione Monti di Roma



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Theoretical and technical Suggestion


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Primary ways

Secondary roads

Main nodes

Reserved parking

Informational pointsElectric cars or scooters

Electric busses

Blind guide



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PATHWAYS

To provide clear, obstruction-free, level and wide pathways for the

convenience of all users

PROBLEM Uneven curbs with obstacles and holes.

Inconvenient or dan erous interru tions in the ath of travel.

Insufficient width.

Changes in level.

CONSIDERATIONSStreet pavements,

pedestrian passages in open spaces and recreational areas,pedestrian underpasses and overpasses are all considered pathways or

ramps.



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Questions(check-list)

Is the pathway clear of obstructions?

Is the path of travel free of steps or stairs?

Is the path of travel easy to detect?

Is the pathway at least 0.90 m wide?

Is the surface, level, smooth and non-slip?

Are manholes placed outside the pedestrian path of travel?

Are the grating openings narrow, not more than 13 mm?

Are the edges of raised pathways protected?

Are the plant varieties used obstructive to the pathway?


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PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGSPRINCIPLETo facilitate the safe and independent crossing of all people.

PROBLEM Uneven road surface.

Lack of guide strips.

Lack of warning marking for crossings.

Gratings on the road surface.

CONSIDERATIONSe es r an cross ngs s ou e equ ppe w ra c con ro s gna s

Low-traffic crossings frequently used by disabled people can be controlled by a

pedestrian push-button system

recommended for the safety of all road users

The road surface should be firm, well-drained, non-slip and free of construction



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g

Pedestrians should have priority to the road trafficIt is important to force the drivers to reduce their speed.This can be achieved in different ways:

crossed

The road surface at pedestrian crossings can be raised to the same level as the pathway

Speed control measures: speed humps orchicanesjust before the pedestrian crossings


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g

Traffic islandLight, ..

Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo



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STREET FURNITURE

To design accessible amenities convenient to all people, without obstructing the free

passage of pedestrians along travel routes.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Lack of or improper design of street furniture.

Obstructed pathways.

.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSstreet furniture includes

bus stops, mail boxes, lampposts, signboards, telephone booths, public toilets, newspaper

kiosks, planting tubs, garbage bins, etc.



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Park benchesSource. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo,



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p ma s ance e ween par enc es

Adoption of ischial sittings

Source. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo



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For outdoor parking, accessible parking

spaces should be located not more

than 50 m from accessible building

entrances.

PARKING



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Inaccessible building entrances due to

difference between indoor and outdoorRAMPS

levels.

Inaccessible routes due to differences

in level.

The maximum recommended slope of

ramps is 1:20. Steeper slopes may be

allowed in special cases depending onthe length to be covered



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Natural and artificial guide



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Natural orientationpoints

Smelling elements such as flower

boxes with stron smellin lants

the exhaust of busses

Acoustic elements such aswater (fontain), by using the

own footsteps and those of

other people can be heard



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Tangible elements such as diffrents ruc ures n e oor, reezes,

Tangible tiles have diffrent functions:

- Give orientation and direction

- Indicate danger

- Symbolic value



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Handrail. tactile maps in tube station,, , .



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Train platform


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ss s ve ec no ogy or u en s sa es



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PILOT LIGHT - miniradarCon il PILOT-LIGHT il non-vedente potr:-

- conoscere il numero di linea e l'eventuale direzione dei mezzi

pubblici (es. autobus numero 5 diretto alla stazione)- trovare le cabine telefoniche , sapere se sono libere od occupate

- "leggere" i tabelloni-orari-partenze dei treni o degli aerei- rovare nar par enza, pos po z a, g e er e, ar, o e e,

deposito bagagli, taxi, eccetera.

- visitare i musei, individuare le opere esposte ed averne la

descrizione

- servirsi del Bancomat ed essere pilotato nelle varie fasi

- andare a teatro ed avere la descrizione delle scene

- , si sono attrezzate banche, farmacie e la stazione ferroviaria..

Blind people can:

-Cross the main street because the system is connected

with the traffic light

-- w c us go o e ma n s a on- read the time table, know the platform, the police

station, ticket point, left luggage office, bar, toilette

- o to theater and have a descri tion of the scenes



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MUSEUM

Uffizi quattro capolavori in rilievo per i non vedenti'Ritratto del Duca di Urbino' di Piero della Francesca del 'Ritratto di

Museo Tattile Statale Omero

Touching art

giovane con medaglia' di Botticelli, del 'Ritratto di Cosimo il Vecchio' del

Pontormo e della splendida 'Madonna del cardellino' di Raffaello

, , , ,discover volumes and perspective with your ownhands.The Museo Tattile Statale Omero was created to fill

-

sighted, and also to offer an innovative space where

artistic perception passes through multi-sense, and notjust visual, stimuli.


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Universal Design and urban environmentUniversal Design and urban environment


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Coliseum



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Musei Capitolini



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Musei Capitolini



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Villa dEste (Tivoli, Rome)

Terraced garden


Vill dE (Ti li R )


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Villa dEste (Tivoli, Rome)



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PALATINO FORUM -ARCHEOLOGICAL AREA



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PALATINO FORUM


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REFERENCES Vescovo F. (1996). Progettare per tutti senza barriere architettoniche. Criteri ed

orientamenti per facilitare l'accessibilit urbana ed il comfort ambientale. Maggioli

Empler T., (1997). Progettare il confort urbano e d'interni. Guida a una progettazione

. Norvegian State Council on Disability, Universal Design. Planning and Design for All,Oslo, Sweden 1997 Ostroff, E., reiser, W. F.E. eds. , Universal Desi n Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York,2001

Clarkson P.J., R. Coleman, S. Keates (2003). Inclusive Design: Design for the WholePopulation, Springer

., ., ., ,per una utenza ampliata, DEI, Tipografia del Genio Civile, 2004 Laura A. (a cura di), Persone reali e progettazione dell'ambiente costruito.L'accessibilit come risorsa per la qualit ambientale, Maggioli, Rimini, 2003.

Internetwww.progettarepertutti.org

. .

http://www.pism.uniroma3.it


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designing a city for all

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