designing iot applications: why, what, and how!...forum iot tunisia april 27th, 2018 designing iot...
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Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Designing IoT Applications: Why, What, and How!
IEEE IoT Vertical and Topical Summit at IEEE RWW2018January 14-15, 2018
Adam DrobotForum IoT Tunisia 2018April 27th, 2018
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Outline
• Why:• Value and Benefits• Level of Value• Examples of Value from the Internet of Things!
• What:• What is IoT?• Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?• A life Cycle View• Key ingredients• Dealing with Complexity
• How:• The basic ingredients for IoT?• Satisfying the Requirements - IoT Economics• How will IoT Evolve?
- Many many verticals and many differing requirements- Likely outcomes- The element of time
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where to Start?
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
• IoT can impact:– Goods
– Services
– Manufacturing
– Internal Processes
Why: Value and Benefits from IoT
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Value and Benefits from IoT
• The Value of IoT can come from:– Better Decision Making
– Lowering Costs• Optimization
• Re-design or Re-factoring
• Improving Operations
– Avoidance of Disruptions
– Improving Return from Assets
– Increasing Yields (Productivity)
– Delivering new desirable features for goods and service
– Performance
– …………..
Example from BNSF IoTImplementation – IEEE PHM2017
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Level of Value from IoT
Value and
Level of
Implementation
Why: Diagnostic
Understanding Root Causes
What: Descriptive
Situational Awareness
When: Prognostic
Predicting whenProblemsWill happen
How: Prescriptive
Automation inDealing withProblems
OptimizedSolutions
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
• Many of the ideas behind IoT applications are not new
• The difference between then and now is:
In the past
– Each Application was built in isolation and for a limited number of uses
– Often the cost required National means and was linked to an National goal or imperative
Today
– The economics that drive IoT are driven by wide availability of IT, Communication, and Operational Technologies, that have benefited from the scale of global markets, and investments to continue improvements in performance (in many different ways)
– The deployment of the infrastructure building blocks for IoT is deep and greatly drops the threshold for achieving a return on investment!
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
• IoT is likely to touch every sector of the world economy impacting – Products, Services, and Processes across both vertical and horizontal markets.
Aspect Products Services Processes
5. Critical Human Safety
4. Essential High Societal Value, Infrastructure,
3. Important High Economic or Functional Value
2. Convenientand Efficient
Management of Personal Affairs, Aspects of Commercial and Industrial Systems
1. Casual Entertainment, Lifestyle
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
Ref: Brian Buntz Sept 20,2017 - http://www.ioti.com/industrial-iot-iiot/top-20-industrial-iot-applications
Magna Steyr
• Smart and Future Factorieso Asset Tracking of Components and
Toolso Condition Based Maintenanceo Supply Chain Integrationo Efficiency of Operations
• Wearables to guide employees• Autonomous Movement of Parts
Boeing
Airbus
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
Ref: Brian Buntz Sept 20,2017 - http://www.ioti.com/industrial-iot-iiot/top-20-industrial-iot-applications
• Reinventing Warehousingo Limits of Automationo Human-Machine Collaborationo Connected Robotso Efficiency of Operations
• Extensive data gathering and analytics• Condition based maintenance throughout
• Intelligent Logisticso Instrumented and Connected Vesselso Instrumented and Connected Cargo
Containers with Environmental Controls
• Keeping track of assets• Optimizing routing and fuel consumption• Efficiency of Operations
Maersk
Amazon
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
• Precision Agriculture
o Arable Cropso Orchardso Vegetables and Greenso Forestryo Animal Husbandryo Aquacultureo
• Functions
o Irrigationo Pest Controlo Soil Controlo Crop Monitoringo Seedingo Harvesting
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
• HealthCare
o Practice of Medicineo Emergency Responseo Public Healtho Environmento Personal Healtho Research
• Functions
o Monitoringo Medicationo Analysiso Data Curationo Alertingo Treatmento Telemedicine
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Why: Examples of IoT
• Education
o Preschoolo G1-12 Educationo Vocational Educationo Collegeo Continuing Educationo Trainingo Coaching
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: A View of IoT
• The catch phrase “The Internet of Things” is a general term – highly overloaded. – Represents many ideas
– Comes in a multitude of forms
– Brings value for a broad range of products, services, processes, and end use applications.
• What the ideas have in common is:– Deep digitization – from analog to digital, mechanical to electronic,..
– Use of an increasingly pervasive and globally accessible infrastructure
– Connectivity ranging from local to global – approaching ubiquity
– Long lived protocols and standards – preserving investment
– Generation and gathering of “data” – from many sources in many forms
– Exploitation of computing - analysis methods, algorithms, techniques
– Progress in closing the “control loop” - automation by design
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: A View of IoT
When talking about the “Internet of Things” you will often come across:
• Cyber-Physical Systems• M2M – Machine to Machine Communications• The Internet of Everything• The Internet of Things• The Industrial Internet• Industry 4.0• The Network of Things• The Connected World• The Networked World
And many similar “terms” that describe how applications and solutions, can be constructed to deliver specific functionality from common components, processes, techniques, and infrastructure and that rely on digitization, connectivity, computation, and decisions to create an outcome.
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: A View of IoT
M2M CommunicationsCommon Carrier Network Protocols for “Things”
The Internet of ThingsThe Catchall – Applications at the Core
The Internet of EverythingThings • Processes •People
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: A View of IoT
Industry 4.0 –Life Cycle Framework
Industrial Internet – Operational Efficiency
Cyber Physical Systems – Digitized Design
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: A View of IoT
Analyze
Decide
Actuate
Sense
Collect Data
Sensors
Actuators
Sources
Closing the Control Loop
Models and Algorithms
Procedures and Policies
The Basics:• Networked System
with a purpose!• Utilizing Network
Resources• Distributed and
Mobile• Work Globally
• Self Configuring• Automated• Smarts built in
• People, Processes, and Things in the Loop
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?
Core Multi-Vertical Platform
Vertical Specific Applications
Vertical Specific End-System Implementations
Common Components Core Services
Software, Data Management
Computing
Connectivity
Actuators
Storage
Interfaces (APIs)
Sensors
End-End Attributes
Security/P
rivacy
Availab
ility
Reliab
ility
Distrib
utio
n
Scaling
Provisioning, Activation
Maintenance
ApplicationEnablement
Billing
Deployment
Monitoring,Optimization
Directory,Naming
IntellectualProperty
Performance
Jitter
Capacity
Bandwidth
Latency
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?
Vertical Specific Applications
Vertical Specific End-System Implementations
Enumerating the Space that IoT Spans
Common Components 1,000,000s Across Building Blocks
Core Services 100,000s For Application Types
Performance Parameters 100,000s Over all Verticals
Attributes 10,000s For Range of Use Cases
Multiple (Hopefully few ) Architectures Needed to Span the Space
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?
• Almost Every “Vertical” will be impacted by IoT– The existing stock of “solutions” has crossed a thresh-hold where the
ROI from current deployments is positive – it’s all about economics!
– Most solutions are vertical specific, being developed within verticals, and have very different requirements.
– We are learning what is common and what is not and that takes time and experimentation.
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?
• Ecosystems
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?
• Influence of major trends• Big data and analytics
• Cloud based computing and storage ( including edge/fog )
• Mobility
• Universal access with high bandwidth – copper, coax, fiber, and wireless
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Where is IoT in its Lifecycle?
• A Look at Adoption– Growth in revenues attributed to IoT CAGR > 20%
– Investments still outstrip returns!
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Building Blocks and essential Ingredients– Computing
– Storage
– Connectivity
– Sensors
– Actuators
– Interfaces – Humans in the Loop
– Software and Algorithms
– Power and Energy
– Design and Integration Methods
– Operational Technologies
– Domain Knowledge and
Expertise
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Connectivity
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Communications
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Hierarchy and Heterogeneity
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Hierarchy and Heterogeneity - WAN
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Hierarchy and Heterogeneity - LAN
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
What: The basic ingredients of IoT
• Hierarchy and Heterogeneity - PAN
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
How: IoT Economics
• Its about Economics!!!!
• The target cost of a node ~ $3.00-$10.0
Cost Impact of IoT Deployment
Nodes/Cost per Node $10.00 $100.00 $1000.00
25 Billion $0.250 Trillion $2.50 Trillion $25.0 Trillion
75 Billion $0.750 Trillion $7.50 Trillion $75.0 Trillion
150 Billion $1.500 Trillion $15.0 Trillion $150 Trillion
GDP Figures and Trends
Year World United States China
2016 $75.641 Trillion $18.569 Trillion $11.199 Trillion
2010 $62.220 Trillion $14.964 Trillion $ 6.101 Trillion
2000 $41.016 Trillion $10.285 Trillion $ 1.211 Trillion
1990 $27.539 Trillion $ 5.980 Trillion $ 0.361 Trillion
** World Bank Estimates in current $ Terms
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
How: IoT Economics
• What’s in a Node? How to get the cost down to the ~ $3.00-$10.0 Target?
Capital Costs
• Goods and Components
• Integration• Installation
• Labor• Test and
Validation• Training• Facilities• Upgrades
Operating Costs
• Contracted Services• Communications• Cloud• MRO
• Staffing • Maintenance• Unforeseen Repairs • Storage• Facilities• Upgrades
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
How will IoT Evolve?
• Element of Time
– We are on a learning curve• Low thresh-hold solutions first
• High value solutions next
– Greater use of AI Autonomy and Automation
– Consolidation of Vertical Solutions and Emergence of a limited number of Dominant of IoT Architectures – hopefully a small number!
– Taking Communications and Connectivity to the next level• High-Bandwidth, Low-Latency, Ubiquitous, Reliable, and Secure
• No single approach solves all the problems and fits the needs!
– A trend that will roll out for the next 20-30 years.
The Biggest Gains Will Come From Refactoring
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Summary
• The Internet of Things is complex and involves many different types and styles of IoT implementation.
• Standards play a key role in consolidating our knowledge and extending the reach of solutions. This in turn allow us to do new things and at the same time drive down the costs to accelerate adoption.
• Communications and Connectivity are essential and deeply influence the architecture of IoT solutions.
• The greatest gains will come from how we refactor the design of personal, commercial, and infrastructure systems that are pervasive and affect us all.
Forum IoT TunisiaApril 27th, 2018
Designing IoT Applications:Why, What and How!
Thank you!