Designing lowland rice in SS Africa:

What have been doneand lessons

learned.

Glenn B. Gregorio

Sr. Scientist, Plant Breeder

PBGB Division, IRRI

Africa Rice Center (WARDA),

Nigeria station

IITA, Ibadan Nigeria

WARDA station @

IITA-Ibadan, Nigeria

Rice in SSA

• 9.2 m t import/yr

(1/3 of world

market!)

• WCA: imports 40-

50% of rice needs

• By 2015: 10 mln t

paddy/yr extra

neededSource: IRRI / WARDA (2004-2006 data)

SSA: Rice Supply & Demand

• Rice: grown and consumed in 40 countries

• Demand for rice: growing at 6% per year

• Per capita consumption: 30 kg/y (2000)

• Local production covers < 50% of the

demand

• Rice imports: 6 m tons ($1.5 billion) (2003)

• Severe burden on many governments

SSA: Rice Production Status

• Potential rice area: 200 m ha;

< 10% only is cultivated

• Cultivated rice area & yield:– Rainfed lowland: 70-80%; yield < 1 t ha-1

– Rainfed upland: < 20%; around 500 kg ha-1

– Irrigated, fully or partially: < 10%; 2-4 t ha-1

– Average for all systems: 1.88 t ha-1

• Total production: 3% or less of

world’s output of >600 m tons

Women provide much

of labor for rice

farming

SSA: Challenges to Rice

Production• Producing quality rice at competitive price

– Low yield & high cost of production

– Lack of HYV: with consumer-preferred grain quality &

resistance to local pests

– High post-harvest losses (15% to 50% in value)

– Weak rice R&D capacity: 4-5 rice professionals for

every 100,000 farmers

IRRI’s Presence and Contribution to SSA• 1984-2001: Madagascar (USAID)

• 1985-1996: IRTP (1985-89) – INGER (1989-96): Nigeria (Core + UNDP + GTZ)

• 1988-2002: Egypt (USAID)

• 1985: IRRI-IITA first regional WS on rice in ESA

• 2001-2003: Biotech project – Mozambique

• 1990-2005: Trained 190 African scientists

• 2006: Posted a rice breeder at WARDA-IITA, Agronomist in Mozambique – Sep 2006, Rice Breeders in Mozambique and Tanzania

• 2009: IRRI Nigeria move to Tanzania and form ESARP with WARDA

IRRI Breeder back to IRRI-HQ

IRRI’s Initial Focus Countries

Uniqueness of Africa

• Irrigated and rainfed areas are proportionally

smaller than in Asia-applicability of rice

technologies will be limited

• Short of skilled people

and qualified people

tends to go to

administrative post

• Commitment of the

government to

research

is very limited

Uniqueness of Africa

• Upland-larger area– Strong rice blast pressure, blights, weeds etc.

– Drought and soil stresses

– Glume discoloration – due to soil problems and fungus

• Rainfed lowlands- better potential but problems are also complicated– Disease pressures- yellow mottled virus,

gall midge, panicle blast, white stem borer etc.

– Soil problems, drought

– Glume discoloration

– Underdeveloped irrigation and paddies

The challenge to introduce Asian

modern rice to Africa

• The uniqueness of Africa will limit the

applicability of rice germplasm from Asia

• INGER method- spread the germplasm to

station but only less than 10% may survive.

• Rainfed technologies are

not yet very successful in

Asia – more complicated

to transfer to Africa

Target designs for

new waves of NERICA• Resilience to drought

• Fe toxicity and Zn deficiency tolerance

• Salt tolerance

• Resistance to African gall midge

• RYMV resistance

• Blast

• High yield potential

• Grain quality

Smart Seeds are carrier of technology

Strategies to introduce the new

waves of NERICAS

• Establishment of robust/practical screening methodologies

for the target traits (to screen in large scale) including

molecular marker technology.

• Products of rice genomics

feeding in to the SSA

breeding programs.

• Categorize the Elite

materials in terms to its

potential adaptability to

other areas in

consideration of the

environmental stresses.

Dendrogram of 102 sub-Saharan Africa and 12 Asian rice

accessions using 65 SSR markers and its phenotypic rating for

Salinity, Fe toxicity, Zn deficiency and rice blast.

Code DesignationSalinity

EC12

Salinity

EC18

Fe Tox

9d

Fe Tox

16d

Zinc

DefBlast

AFR-12 NERICA 3 Ivory Coast SSA S S I S S R

AFR-11 NERICA 5 Ivory Coast SSA S S I S S R

AFR-40 CHOKOTO Taiwan Asia T T T S S R

AFR-47 ITA257 Nigeria SSA S S S S M R

AFR-48 POKKALI India Asia T T S S I R

AFR-55 ITA 128 Nigeria SSA T I I S S M

AFR-58 ITA 150 Nigeria SSA S S I S S R

AFR-49 NERICA 2 Ivory Coast SSA S S S S S R

AFR-57 ITA 230 b Nigeria SSA I I I I I I

AFR-56 ITA 117 Nigeria SSA T I I S S R

AFR-52 ROK 5 WARDA SSA I S I I I I

AFR-54 BOUKENE Senegal SSA T T I I S I

AFR-53 IR13240-10-1 Philippines Asia I I I I I R

AFR-50 NERICA 4 Ivory Coast SSA S S S S M R

AFR-51 NERICA 6 Ivory Coast SSA S S I S M R

AFR-39 YN2484-507-21 Myanmar Asia S S I S S R

AFR-6 BW348-1 Sri Lanka Asia S S T S I R

AFR-4 IR64 Philippines Asia T S T T I S

AFR-13 AS996 Vietnam Asia S S I S I R

AFR-3 BW293-2 Sri Lanka Asia I S T T I S

AFR-1 IR20 Philippines Asia S S T I T S

AFR-7 IR31851-96-2-3-2-1 Philippines Asia I S I S S R

AFR-5 CISADANE Indonesia Asia I S T S I R

AFR-43 IET3137 Gambia SSA T T I I M R

AFR-44 ITA212 Nigeria SSA I S I I I R

AFR-45 ITA222 Nigeria SSA I S I I T S

AFR-46 ITA306 Nigeria SSA S S I S I R

AFR-42 FARO 37 Nigeria SSA T I I I I R

AFR-41 ITA230 a Nigeria SSA T I I S I R

AFR-9 TOX3100-44-1-2-3-3 Ivory Coast SSA T S S S I I

AFR-2 BG90-2 Sri Lanka Asia S S I I T S

AFR-8 ITA344 Nigeria SSA I S I I T R

AFR-10 TOX4004-4-3-1-2-1 Nigeria SSA S S S S I R

AFR-139 SUAKOKO 8 Liberia SSA S S I I M I

AFR-135 WAS 201-B-B-3 Senegal SSA T S T T S R

AFR-129 WAS 44-B-B-68-3 Senegal SSA I S T T M R

AFR-114 WAS 173-B-B-10-6-2 Senegal SSA S S I I S I

AFR-111 WAS 203-B-B-1 Senegal SSA I S T T I S

AFR-127 WAS 173-B-B-6-4-3 Senegal SSA S S T T S I

AFR-107 WAS 122-7-5 Senegal SSA S S T T S S

AFR-108 WAS 126-1-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S R

AFR-133 WAS 122-7-2 Senegal SSA I S T T S S

AFR-100 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 b Senegal SSA S S T T I S

AFR-61 WAS 161- B-4-B-2 Senegal SSA S S I I S S

AFR-60 WAS 173-B-B-9-5-3 Senegal SSA I I I I S S

AFR-98 WAS 19-B-B-52-4-4-1B Senegal SSA S S T T M S

AFR-99 WAS 63-22-5-9-10 Senegal SSA S S T T I S

AFR-109 WAS 127-12-1 Senegal SSA S S I I T R

AFR-95 WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-4 Senegal SSA I S T T S S

AFR-91 WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-1 Senegal SSA T T T T I S

AFR-82 WAS 63-22-1-1-3-3 Senegal SSA T I I I S S

AFR-92 WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-3 Senegal SSA T T T T I S

AFR-88 WAS 55-B-B-2-1-2-5 Senegal SSA T I T T T S

AFR-97 WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-2 Senegal SSA I S T T I S

AFR-85 WAS 21-B-B-20-4 Senegal SSA T T T T S R

AFR-84 WAS 62-B-B-14-1 Senegal SSA T T T T I S

AFR-83 WAS 63-22-5-9-10-1 Senegal SSA T I I I I S

AFR-89 WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 b Senegal SSA T T T T I S

AFR-77 WAS 57-B-B-17-7-2-3 Senegal SSA T I T I T R

AFR-65 WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 a Senegal SSA T I I I S S

AFR-90 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 a Senegal SSA I I T T S S

AFR-78 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-4 Senegal SSA I S I I T S

AFR-105 WAS 127-B-5-1 Senegal SSA S S I I T R

AFR-71 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-3-4-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S I I I R

AFR-62 WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-1B Senegal SSA I S T T S S

AFR-63 WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-2 Senegal SSA T I I I S S

AFR-128 WAS 30-11-4-6-2-2-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M S

AFR-96 WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-1B Senegal SSA S S T I S S

AFR-59 WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-3 Senegal SSA I I I I S S

AFR-117 WAS 122-IDSA-1-WAS-3-WAB-1-WAS-1 Senegal SSA S S T T S R

AFR-93 WAS 21-B-B-20-4-3-3 Senegal SSA I S I I S I

AFR-86 WAS 19-B-B-65-5-2 Senegal SSA T T T T S I

AFR-87 WAS 57-B-B-3-1-4-6 Senegal SSA I S I I I I

AFR-116 WAS 194-B-2-1 Senegal SSA S S T I S I

AFR-81 WAS 122-IDSA-11-WAS-6-3 Senegal SSA T I I I S R

AFR-134 WAS 122-7-8 Senegal SSA I S T T S S

AFR-136 WAS 202-B-B-1 Senegal SSA I S T T S S

AFR-101 WAS 173-B-B-2-1-4 Senegal SSA S S T T S S

AFR-103 WAS 191-8-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S T T M I

AFR-106 WAS 122-4-2 Senegal SSA I S T I M S

AFR-104 WAS 122-IDSA-14-WAS-B-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S I

AFR-126 WAS 122-IDSA-13-WAS-B-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M S

AFR-130 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-7-2 Senegal SSA S S T T S R

AFR-132 WAS 161-B-6-4-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S I I I R

AFR-73 WAS 122-B-9-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S I S S R

AFR-72 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-6-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S S S S S

AFR-118 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-10-WAB-2-WAS-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M I

AFR-120 WAS 191-5-WAB-1-WAS-3 Senegal SSA S S T T S S

AFR-102 WAS 191-1-7-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S T T S I

AFR-119 WAS 191-4-WAB-1-WAS-1 Senegal SSA S S T T S S

AFR-79 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-4-3 Senegal SSA T I T T I S

AFR-80 WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-5-4 Senegal SSA T I T T M S

AFR-74 WAS 161-B-4-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S R

AFR-94 WAS 161-B-9-2 Senegal SSA T I I I S S

AFR-75 WAS 161-B-6-3-FKR-1 Senegal SSA I S T I S S

AFR-76 WAS 161-B-9-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA T T I I S R

AFR-64 WAS 161-B-6-B-3-1 Senegal SSA T T I I S R

AFR-67 WAS 161-B-6-B-1 Senegal SSA I I I S I R

AFR-70 WAS 161-B-6-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S I I S R

AFR-68 WAS 186-B-8-B-2 Senegal SSA T I I I S I

AFR-69 WAS 191-9-B-1 Senegal SSA I I I I S S

AFR-123 WAS 174-B-3-15 Senegal SSA T I T T S R

AFR-66 WAS 174-B-5-6 Senegal SSA T I I I S R

AFR-110 WAS 198-B-B-2 Senegal SSA S S T T I I

AFR-137 WAS 173-B-B-4-2-4 Senegal SSA I S T T I R

AFR-112 WAS 173-B-B-5-3 a Senegal SSA S S T T I I

AFR-113 WAS 196-B-4-3 Senegal SSA S S T T I R

AFR-125 WAS 105-B-IDSA-B-WAS-2-1-FKR-1 Senegal SSA S S T T M I

AFR-138 WAS 173-B-B-5-3 b Senegal SSA I S T T S I

AFR-131 WAS 173-B-B-9-5 Senegal SSA S S T T I I

AFR-115 WAS 173-B-B-10-6-5 Senegal SSA S S I I S I

AFR-124 WAS 173-B-B-6-4-2 Senegal SSA I S T T S I

AFR-121 WAS 173-B-B-2-1-3 Senegal SSA I S T T S I

AFR-122 WAS 173-B-B-9-5-2 Senegal SSA I S T T I I

Source Country

0.1

NERICA 3NERICA 5CHOKOTOITA257POKKALIITA 128ITA 150NERICA 2ITA 230 bITA 117ROK 5BOUKENEIR13240-10-1NERICA 4NERICA 6YN2484-507-21BW348-1IR64AS996BW293-2IR20IR31851-96-2-3-2-1CISADANEIET3137ITA212ITA222ITA306FARO 37ITA230 aTOX3100-44-1-2-3-3BG90-2ITA344TOX4004-4-3-1-2-1SUAKOKO 8WAS 201-B-B-3WAS 44-B-B-68-3WAS 173-B-B-10-6-2WAS 203-B-B-1WAS 173-B-B-6-4-3WAS 122-7-5WAS 126-1-1WAS 122-7-2WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 bWAS 161- B-4-B-2WAS 173-B-B-9-5-3WAS 19-B-B-52-4-4-1BWAS 63-22-5-9-10WAS 127-12-1WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-4WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-1WAS 63-22-1-1-3-3WAS 62-B-B-17-1-1-3WAS 55-B-B-2-1-2-5WAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-2WAS 21-B-B-20-4WAS 62-B-B-14-1WAS 63-22-5-9-10-1WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 bWAS 57-B-B-17-7-2-3WAS 50-B-B-24-4-2-1 aWAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-3 aWAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-4WAS 127-B-5-1WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-3-4-FKR-1WAS 49-B-B-9-1-4-1BWAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-2WAS 30-11-4-6-2-2-1WAS 30-11-1-4-6-2-2-1BWAS 62-B-B-14-1-4-3WAS 122-IDSA-1-WAS-3-WAB-1-WAS-1WAS 21-B-B-20-4-3-3WAS 19-B-B-65-5-2WAS 57-B-B-3-1-4-6WAS 194-B-2-1WAS 122-IDSA-11-WAS-6-3WAS 122-7-8WAS 202-B-B-1WAS 173-B-B-2-1-4WAS 191-8-1-FKR-1WAS 122-4-2WAS 122-IDSA-14-WAS-B-FKR-1WAS 122-IDSA-13-WAS-B-FKR-1WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-7-2WAS 161-B-6-4-FKR-1WAS 122-B-9-1-FKR-1WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-6-1-FKR-1WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-10-WAB-2-WAS-1WAS 191-5-WAB-1-WAS-3WAS 191-1-7-FKR-1WAS 191-4-WAB-1-WAS-1WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-4-3WAS 122-IDSA-10-WAS-5-4WAS 161-B-4-1-FKR-1WAS 161-B-9-2WAS 161-B-6-3-FKR-1WAS 161-B-9-1-FKR-1WAS 161-B-6-B-3-1WAS 161-B-6-B-1WAS 161-B-6-FKR-1WAS 186-B-8-B-2WAS 191-9-B-1WAS 174-B-3-15WAS 174-B-5-6WAS 198-B-B-2WAS 173-B-B-4-2-4WAS 173-B-B-5-3 aWAS 196-B-4-3WAS 105-B-IDSA-B-WAS-2-1-FKR-1WAS 173-B-B-5-3 bWAS 173-B-B-9-5WAS 173-B-B-10-6-5WAS 173-B-B-6-4-2WAS 173-B-B-2-1-3WAS 173-B-B-9-5-2

G-I

G-II

G-III

(a)

(b)

(c)

Genetic diversity of SSA rice

germplasm useful for

identification and selection of

appropriate parents for

breeding program

Valuable source of diversity for

association mapping efforts.

Phenotypic rating

•Comparative Genetic diversity

between Oryza sativa, Oryza

glabberima, and interspecific

hybrid (NERICA) based on SSR

markers

•Validation of the salinity tolerance

(Saltol) molecular markers using

two breeding populations

Genes

Maize (C4) Rice (C3 C4)

IRRI

New Sub1 lines after 17 days

submergence in the field at IRRI

Samba-Sub1

Samba

Samba-Sub1

IR64-Sub1

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR64

IR42

IR64

IR64-Sub1

Samba-Sub1

IR49830 (Sub1)

Samba

IR64

IR64-Sub1

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR42

IR64-Sub1

IR64

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR49830 (Sub1)

IR42

Samba

IR42

Samba

Swarna-Sub1 in eastern UP (India)Yield comparisons

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0-5 days 6-10 days 11-15 days > 15 days

Days of submergence

Yie

ld Swarna

Swarna-Sub1

20072008

Rice trial submerged for 21 days

One day after end of submergence

Yield performance of

submergence tolerant rice

varieties in Nigeria

Varieties with sub1 showed fast recovery at 3 days after end of submergence.

Swarna-Sub1 demonstrated its superiority at 13 days after end of submergence

Submergence trial plots at 15 days after end

of submergence at IITA, Ibadan. Nigeria

Swarna-Sub1 at reproductive stage WITA 4 flanked with Sub1 varieties

Sub1Waterproof genes Sub1 submerged for 21 days at IITA

Farm, 2009.

Varieties

%Survival

21 days ofsubmergence

Submerge

d

Yld (t/ha)

Normal

Field

Yld(t/ha)

% Yield

Reduction

TDK1-Sub1(BC3F3) 95.6 3.62 a 4.46 18.99

Swarna-Sub1(BC3F3) 91.0 3.56 a 4.45 19.92

BR11-Sub1 95.3 2.60 b 4.11 36.49

Samba Mahsuri -

Sub1(BC3F3) 94.4 2.59 b 3.94 34.16

Samba Mahsuri-Sub1(BC2F3) 96.4 2.37 b 3.62 34.47

CR1009-Sub1 97.0 2.21 b 3.61 29.78

IR64-Sub1(BC3F3) 96.9 2.21 b 3.02 26.89

IR64 21.4 1.32 c 3.19 58.46

Samba Mahsuri 17.4 0.81 cd 3.83 78.73

Swarna 19.5 0.64 de 4.29 85.16

FARO 35 (ITA 212) 20.4 0.41 de 3.61 88.61

WITA 4 4.1 0.08 e 3.77 97.99

Replicated Yield trials in Nigeria 24 entries per trial

with 3-replicates including NERICAs and local

checks

Year/Seasons Yield Range (t/ha) Mean (t/ha)

2007 DSRYT 1 5.8 – 2.3 4.2

RYT 2 4.6 – 1.7 3.7

2007 WSRYT 1 5.6 – 2.3 4.0

RYT 2 4.9 – 2.4 4.1

2008DSRYT 1 4.7 – 2.2 3.3

RYT 2 4.2 – 2.0 3.1

2008WS Hybrid 5.8 – 3.2 4.2

Promising genotypes distributed to SSA NARES

2006 DS

Nigeria

2006 WS

Nigeria

Replicated Yield trials in Nigeria including NERICAs

and local checks 2009 dry season

Trial Yield Range (t/ha)

IRRIGATED

RYT 1 5.2 – 2.9

RYT 2 5.6 – 3.0

RYT 3 5.9 – 3.1

Hybrid 6.6 – 4.3

SubmergenceSubm 3.6 – 0.1

Normal 4.4 – 3.0

Promising genotypes distributed to SSA NARES

Highest yielding genotypes are still the Hybrid rice

IRRI-WARDA Lowland PVS

• 2008DS PVS-24 April (80 participants)

• 2008WS PVS Abakaliki with AGRA (150)

• 2008WS PVS 24 Oct (65)

• 2009DS PVS 10 March (60) Drought

&Submergence

Note: Varieties selected by

farmers in DS is different

from WS

PVS in Abakaliki, Nigeria Sept 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

IR 7

7384-

12-1

7-3-1

8-2-

B

IR 6

5600-

81-5

-3-2

IR 6

9513-

21-S

RN 2

-UBN 1

-B-7

-2

IR 7

0175-

22-1

-1-2

-2

IR 6

8

PSB

Rc 50

IR 7

7645-

3B-2

1-2-3

-9-4

IR 7

7645-

3B-2

1-2-3

-10-

4

IR 7

7645-

3B-2

1-2-3

-17-

5

IR 7

5395-

2B-B

-18-

1-1-1

-1-2

IR 7

5395-

2B-B

-18-

1-1-1

-2-1

IR 7

7666-

3B-1

2-3-3

-3-1

IR 7

5395-

2B-B

-18-

1-1-1

-2-5

IR 7

5395-

2B-B

-18-

1-1-1

-5-3

IR 7

7674-

B-2

0-1-2

-1-3

-12-

B

IR 7

5395-

2B-B

-19-

2-1-2

-1-B

IR 7

4371-

54-1

-1

BG 9

0-2

IR 7

7674-

3B-8

-1-3

-7-3

IR 7

7674-

3B-8

-2-2

-20-4

IR 7

7674-

3B-8

-3-1

-1-4

APO

MATA

TAG 9

WIT

A 4

SIP

I(FARO44

)

TOX 4

004-

43-1

-2-1

variet ies

farm

ers

comparison

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

IR 7

7674-3

B-63-3

-3-7

-3

IR 7

7674-3

B-8-2

-2-1

4-4

IR 7

7674-B

-20-1

-2-1

-3-1

2-B

IR 7

7384-1

2-17-3

-18-2

-B

IR 7

7645-3

B-21-2

-3-1

7-5

FARO

37 (I

TA 306)

NERIC

A -L-2

NERIC

A -L-3

4

IR 7

9971-B

-93-B

-3

IR 8

0463-B

-39-1

IR769

26-5-1

-1-4

IR 7

8910-2

3-1-3

-3

IR 7

4371-5

4-1-1

FARO

36 (I

TA 222)

PSB Rc

50

IR 6

5600-8

1-5-3

-2

IR 7

7666-3

B-12-3

-3-3

-1

IR 7

5395-2

B-B-1

8-1-1

-1-5

-3

IR 7

5395-2

B-B-1

8-1-1

-1-2

-5

IR 7

5395-2

B-B-1

9-2-1

-2-1

-B

IR 6

9513-2

1-SR

N 2

-UBN

1-B

-7-2

IR 8

2870-4

8

IR774

96-80-3

-2-2

IR 7

9643-3

9-2-2

-3

varieties

no

of

farm

ers

dry season

wet season

PVS at WARDA station, IITA (2008DS and WS)

Rice genotypes preferred by Farmers and distributed

Designation Farmers remarks

IR 68

Dense grains and drought tolerant at

reproductive stage

IR 69513-21-SRN 2-UBN Dense grains, good grain type

IR 74371-54-1-1 High yielder, very early maturity

IR 77645-3B-21-2-3-10-4 High yielder and good grain

IR 77674-3B-8-2-2-20-4 Long grain and Fe toxic/drought tol.

IR 75395-2B-B-18-1-1-1-5-3 High yielder and good grain

IR 77384-12-17-3-18-2-B Excellent vigor, weed competitive

IR 77674-3B-63-3-3-7-3 Long grain and Fe toxic/drought tol.

PSB Rc 50 High yielder and salt tolerant

New entries are becoming favorites by farmers

Potential varieties

Yield trials and seed production

Edition 2, March 2009

Growing cassava in Denmark

Biotech in Nigeria

Banana menace

Is hybrid rice the answer?

CBSD: enemy number 1

Ensuring biosafety

Is genetically modified cowpea safe?

Training farmers using video

New genomic tools

Unraveling cassava’s problems

Designer (cowpea) plants

Biotechnology and nematodes

EntryYield

(Kg/ha)

% Yield

Advantage

vs WITA-4

Maturity

(d)

Plant

Ht.

(cm)

IR 83212 H 5,811 27.9 126 118

IR 82391 H 5,435 19.7 123 102

IR 82376 H 5,099 12.3 124 112

IR 83202 H 5,072 11.7 126 120

IR 84711 H 4,932 8.6 124 105

IR 82372 H 4,716 3.8 123 114

IR 81265 H 4,666 2.7 125 103

IR 78386 H 4,545 0.1 123 105

WITA-4 (CK) 4,542 0 127 126

Max 5,811 27.9 127 126

Min 3,195 -29.7 123 96

Average 4232 -6.8 124 110

CV 9.72 0.77 2.30

LSD 5% 677 1.6 4.2

Yield

performance

of tropical

hybrid rice

in Nigeria

2008WS

Low fertilizer Rate

65N-18P-18K

Yield performance of tropical hybrid rice in Nigeria

.

Highest yielding hybrid (IR83212H) with

27.9% advantage

Second highest yielding

hybrid (IR832391H) with

19.7% advantage

First hybrid rice tested in SS Africa

DESIGNATION Yield

(t/ha)

% Yield

Advantage

vs WITA-4

IR83202H 6.57 a 14.90

IR80637H 6.52 ab 14.01

IR86167H 6.11 a-c 6.81

IR85466H 6.04 a-d 5.56

IR85471H 6.03 a-d 5.50

IR82391H 5.87 a-e 2.60

IR80228H 5.81 a-e 1.54

IR84711H 5.80 a-e 1.41

IR81959H 5.77 a-e 0.90

WITA 4 5.72 a-e 0.00

IR82386H 5.65 b-e -1.18

PSB Rc 82 5.6 c-e -2.02

NERICA -L-34 5.42 c-f -5.01

FARO 35(ITA 212) 4.38 g -23.46

Mean 5.54 -3.15

Yield

performance

of tropical

hybrid rice

in Nigeria

2009WS

Higher fertilizer rate

80N-25P-25K

•Hybrid rice has higher

yield advantage at low

fertility

Germplasm Evaluation

• Evaluated 3,268 Asian rice germplasm

and only 11% showed good performance

Germplasm

40%

Manage-

ment

60%

Double the yield target in Rain-fed lowlands,

and expected contributions from breeding and

crop management research in SS Africa.

Germplasm

40%

Germplasm

40%

Manage-

ment

60%

CNM

Pest Mgt

Mech/Post harvest

Double the yield target in Rain-fed lowlands,

and expected contributions from breeding and

crop management research in SS Africa.

Germplasm

40%

Germplasm

40%

Germplasm

30%

GAP

30%(when done

separately)

Manage-

ment

60%

CNM

Pest Mgt

Mech/Post harvest

Manage-

ment

40%

Double the yield target in Rain-fed lowlands,

and expected contributions from breeding and

crop management research in SS Africa.

Urgent Germplasm Needed

• Early maturing

• Grain Quality

• More genetic diversity

Tolerance to

abiotic/biotic

stresses

Problems in Germplasm exchange

Plant Quarantine- cost in seed testing

SHU

Promising germplasm

Lessons learned• More complicated than I thought

• Opportunities increased dramatically in

last 3-years

• How to fast tract varietal release system

• Policy more important than science

• “Opportunity knocks when you are ready”

• Be patient, patient, and patient

De-signing lo-

wland rice for S-ub Saharan Africa:What havebeen achieve-d and lesso-ns learned

More lessons

• Be flexible and

innovative

More lessons

• Don’t get sick

More lessons

• Don’t give up

2006

April 2009 May 2009