designing with adhesives

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Designing with Adhesives

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q  This webinar will be available afterwards at www.designworldonline.com & email

q  Q&A at the end of the presentation q  Hashtag for this webinar: #DWwebinar

Before We Start

© 2015 Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Leslie Langnau Design World

Moderator

Mike Shannahan Global Market

Development Director Henkel

Darryl Small Application Engineer

Henkel

Designing with Adhesives Meet your presenters…

July 23, 2015 Why Adhesives? webinar © 2015 Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved.


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1.  Who is Henkel? 2.  Why Use Adhesives? 3.  Where are Adhesives Used? 4.  Adhesives Science 101 5.  Joint Design Guidelines 6.  Types of Adhesives 7.  Adhesive Selection Criteria 8.  Henkel Adhesive Resources 9.  Questions and Answers

Agenda

July 23, 2015 © 2015 Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved. Designing with Adhesives

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Why Adhesives? webinar © 2015 Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved. July 23, 2015 © 2015 Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved.

Did you know…

…that Henkel is the leading solution provider for adhesives, sealants and functional coatings worldwide?

…that Henkel sells enough detergents to wash around 25 billion loads per year?

…that every second more than 20 hair colorants from Henkel are sold worldwide?


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Who we are Henkel at a glance 2014

Almost

50,000 employees worldwide

169 manufacturing sites globally

Employees in more than

120 different nations

17major R&D facilities around the world

138 years of brand success

1 Adjusted for one-time charges/gains and restructuring charges.

Around

€16.4 bn sales,

3.4% organic sales growth


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Who we are Global leading positions in consumer and industrial businesses

Industrial Business Consumer Businesses

Adhesive Technologies Laundry & Home Care Beauty Care


®

®

®

®

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Adhesive Technologies World market for adhesives, sealants & functional coatings

•  Market accounts for approximately 60 bn €

•  Highly specialized and fragmented in ~ 50 segments

•  Henkel only player present in most segments


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Adhesive Technologies Business units

Top Brands

Business Units •  General Industry •  Packaging &

Consumer Goods •  Automotive &

Metals •  Aerospace •  Electronics •  Consumer &

Craftsmen


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11

We deliver solutions to increase productivity, sustainability and process transformation which are essential for our customers.

Our leading brands and technologies enable our customers to succeed

in their markets.

We partner with our customers to provide competitive advantage

Our Value Proposition

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Agenda


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Why Use Adhesives? Joining methods

Gap-filling Material

•  Welding •  Soldering •  Bonding

Part Design •  Pins, keyways, •  Spline shafts •  Snap joints

Permanent Force

•  Elastic force threaded joint, rivet etc. •  Field force magnetism •  Friction force press fit etc.

Combinations •  Bonded spot welding •  Bonded press fit •  Bonded flange coupling


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Why Use Adhesives?

Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates

Ferrite Magnets to Zinc Dichromate Coated Steel

Metal to Glass

Limitations


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Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates •  Distribute stress evenly

Limitations

Why Use Adhesives?


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Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates •  Distribute stress evenly •  Fill large gaps

Limitations

Why Use Adhesives?


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Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates •  Distribute stress evenly •  Fill large gaps •  Seal, bond and protect

Limitations

Why Use Adhesives?


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Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates •  Distribute stress evenly •  Fill large gaps •  Seal, bond and protect •  Neat appearance

Before After

Limitations

Why Use Adhesives?


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Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates •  Distribute stress evenly •  Fill large gaps •  Seal, bond and protect •  Neat appearance •  Lightweight

Limitations

Why Use Adhesives?


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Benefits •  Join dissimilar substrates •  Distribute stress evenly •  Fill large gaps •  Seal, bond and protect •  Neat appearance •  Lightweight •  Easily automated

Limitations

Why Use Adhesives?


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Limitations •  Must be cured

Why Use Adhesives?


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Limitations •  Must be cured •  Fixture time

Why Use Adhesives?


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Limitations •  Must be cured •  Fixture time •  Can be messy

Why Use Adhesives?


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Limitations •  Must be cured •  Fixture time •  Can be messy •  Another chemical in the

plant

Why Use Adhesives?


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plant •  Sensitive to part

cleanliness

Why Use Adhesives?


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plant •  Sensitive to part

cleanliness •  Potentially difficult to

disassemble

Why Use Adhesives?


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Agenda


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Adhesives Where are they being used?


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Adhesives Application case histories

Beverage truck rear wall

Box truck side walls

Snowmobile clutch bearings


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Agenda


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Adhesives Science 101 Adhesive: Definition EN 923

•  Non-metallic substance capable of joining materials by surface bonding (adhesion) and the bond possessing adequate internal strength (cohesion)

non-metallic substance joining materials by adhesion & cohesion


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Adhesives Science 101 Adhesion and cohesion

Adhesion

Cohesion

Adhesion


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Adhesives Science 101 Adhesion

Ability to bond to the surface

•  Depends on:

•  Surface energy

•  Surface roughness

•  Surface contamination

•  Surface wetability

Reliable adhesion needs reliable surface conditions and a liquid adhesive.


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Adhesives bond to the surface

Any contaminants reduce bonding strength

Adhesives Science 101 Importance of cleaning

Substrate 2

Substrate 1

Contaminant

Adhesion Cohesion Adhesive molecule


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Adhesives Science 101 Surface wetting necessary for good adhesion

•  Optimum contact •  Liquid smoothes onto the surface

•  Limited contact •  Liquid stays off the surface

The liquid adhesive has to be in optimum contact to the surface through surface preparation, e.g. cleaning, pre-treatment


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Adhesives Science 101 Cohesion achieved by polymer-building

Liquid Solid

Cohesion needs proper cure of the adhesive


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Agenda


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Joint Design Guidelines Loads in adhesive joints

Shear

Image

Compression

Image

Tensile

Image

Cleavage

Image

Peel

Image


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Entire bond area used for load transmission

Shear

Image

Compression

Image

Tensile

Image


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Image Image


Bond area only partly used for load transmission

Cleavage on rigid parts Peel on flexible parts Zipper

Image


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Joint Design Guidelines Failure modes

Adhesion failure Adhesion/cohesion failure

Cohesion failure Substrate failure


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Design Alternatives Shear joint

Alternatives

Simple strap butt joint

Shouldered double strap butt joint

Bevelled joint

Butt joint

Double overlap

Double strap butt joint


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Design Alternatives T-peel joint

Pure peel force Stiffening

Roll and peel forces

Tensile / peel forces Transformation into tensile & pressure forces

Transformation into tensile shear forces


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Joint Area ‒ Width vs. Overlap

Photo A

Bond Area = 1 sq. in. FORCE = Shear Which joint can handle a higher load? Why?

1.0”

1.0”

Photo B

0.5”

2.0”

Side view

Side view


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Photo B

0.5” Side view

Wider is Better!

Joint Area ‒ Width vs. Overlap


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Bonding Perfectly designed for material fit

Liquid adhesive •  Adapts to gap and gap tolerances •  Adapts to surface roughness and voids •  Fills gap by 100% •  Bonds the joined parts, after change from liquid to solid •  Uses 100% of surfaces for adhesion


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Joint Design Guidelines

•  Maximize these forces

•  Shear, tension, & compression

•  Minimize these forces

•  Peel, cleavage forces

•  Minimize gap thickness

•  Increase bond area

•  Wider is better than overlap

•  Use the appropriate test to qualify your adhesive


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Agenda


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Adhesive Technology Review Types of adhesives

•  Structural adhesives •  Epoxies •  Acrylics •  Polyurethanes •  Silicones •  MS polymers

•  Instant adhesives •  Cyanoacrylates •  Light cure

•  Machinery adhesives •  Anaerobics

•  Bulk adhesives •  Hot melt adhesives


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Adhesive Technology Review Types of adhesives

Epoxies Acrylics Polyurethane Silane Modified Polymers Silicones

•  Rigid bonding

•  1- or 2-component solution

•  Excellent gap filling

•  Very high strength

•  For small to medium surface

•  Outstanding chemical resistance

•  Rigid to slightly flexible bonding

•  2-component solution

•  Very high strength

•  For small surfaces

•  Good chemical resistance

•  Slightly flexible bonding

•  1- or 2-component -solution

•  Excellent gap filling (2C)

•  High strength

•  For medium to large surfaces

•  Good chemical resistance

•  Paintable

•  Flexible bonding


•  Wide primerless adhesion on many substrates

•  High impact strength

•  Good UV and weather resistance

•  Paintable

•  Flexible bonding


•  Outstanding temperature and UV resistance

•  Excellent chemical resistance

•  Non-paintable

Structural Adhesives


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Adhesive Technology Review Types of Adhesives

Cyanoacrylates Light Cure Anaerobics Hot Melts

•  Small Part Bonding

•  Fast fixturing

•  1-component

•  Room temp cure

•  Excellent for plastic & rubber

•  Rigid bondline

•  High shear & tensile

•  Low peel & impact


•  Fast fixturing

•  1-component


•  Excellent for plastic & rubber


•  High shear & tensile

•  Low peel & impact


•  1-component


•  Ideal for metal cylindrical parts


•  High Shear

•  Low peel

•  Range of Part Sizes

•  Fast setting

•  1-component

•  Heated applicator required

•  Cure into thermoplastic resins, except PURs

•  Wide range of products

Machinery Adhesives Instant Adhesives Bulk

Adhesives


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Selector Chart 1/2 Performance considerations Sourcebook

Page 6

Adhesive Category

Cyanoacrylates Epoxies Hot Melts Light Cure Silicones Elastomers Urethanes 2-Part Acrylics 2-Step Acrylics

Benefits Wide range of bonding applications/ ease of use

Wide range of formulations

Versatile, fast, large gap filling

Rapid cure / adhesion to plastics / bond on demand

Excellent temperature resistance

Flexible, paintable, bonder/sealant

Excellent toughness / flexibility

Good impact resistance / flexibility

Good impact resistance / no-mix

Limitations Low polar solvent resistance Mixing required Limited heat resistance Light cure required Low adhesion resistance High temperature

resistance Sensitive to moisture Mixing required Primer required

Temperature resistance

Typical for the category -65°F to 210°F (-54°C to 99°C)

-65°F to 180°F (-54°C to 82°C)

-65°F to 250°F (-54°C to 121°C)

-65°F to 300°F (-54°C to 149°C)

-65°F to 400°F (-54°C to 204°C)

-65°F to 200°F (-54°C to 93°C)

-65°F to 250°F (-54°C to 121°C)

-65°F to 250°F (-54°C to 121°C)

-65°F to 300°F (-54°C to 149°C)

Highest rated product 250°F (121°C) 400°F (204°C) 330°F (166°C) 358°F (180°C) 725°F (385°C) 200°F (93°C) 300°F (149°C) 250°F (121°C) 400°F (204°C)

Environmental resistance

Polar solvents (EX: H20, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), acetone)

Poor1 Very good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good

Nonpolar solvents (Ex. motor oil, toluene, gasoline, ATF) Good Excellent Good Very good Poor to fair Poor Good Very good Very good

Adhesion to substrates

Metals Very good Excellent Good Good Good Very good Good Excellent Excellent

Plastics2 Excellent Fair Very good Excellent Fair Good Very good Excellent Fair

Glass Poor Excellent Good Excellent Very good Good Good Good Excellent

Rubber Very good Fair Fair Fair Good Poor Good Poor Poor

Wood Good Very good Excellent Poor Fair Very good Fair Good Good

Overlapping shear strength High High Low High Low Medium Medium High High

Peel strength Low3 Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium

Tensile strength High High Low High Medium Medium Medium High High

Elongation / flexibility Low Low High Medium High High High Medium Medium

Hardness Rigid Rigid Semisoft Semi-rigid Soft Soft Soft Semi-rigid Semi-rigid


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Selector Chart 2/2 Process considerations

Adhesive Category

Cyanoacrylates Epoxies Hot Melts Light Cure Silicones Elastomers Urethanes 2-Part Acrylics 2-Step Acrylics

Number of components 1 or 2 2 1 1 1 or 2 1 or 2 1 or 2 2 2

Cure temperature Room temperature

Room temperature Room temperature4 UV/ Visible Room

temperature Room temperature

Room temperature

Room temperature

Room temperature

Fixture time

Average 30 seconds 20 minutes 70 seconds 30 seconds 25 minutes 25 minutes 25 minutes 20 minutes 5 minutes

Fastest <5 seconds 3 to 5 minutes 20 seconds <5 seconds 2 minutes 10 minutes 5 minutes 3 to 5 minutes 30 seconds

Full cure time 24 hours 12 to 24 hours 1 hour (or when cooled)5 30 to 60 seconds 1 to 7 days 1 to 7 days 24 hours 24 hours 24 hours

Gap Fill

Ideal (in inches) 0.001 to 0.010 0.004 to 0.006 0.002 to 0.005 0.002 to 0.010 0.001 to 0.006 0.001 to 0.006 0.004 to 0.006 0.010 to 0.040 0.002 to 0.004

Maximum (in inches) 0.200 0.125 0.240 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.125 0.5 0.040

Dispensing / mixing equipment required No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No

Light cure versions available Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes

Sourcebook

Page 6


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Agenda


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Adhesive & Design Selection It is not a lottery but systematic & conclusive


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Adhesive & Design Selection Engineering method

Customer Input

Bondline Criteria

Adhesive & Design

translate

select


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Adhesive & Design Selection

Customer Input Bondline Criteria translate

•  Required functionalities

•  Substrates

•  Part parameters

•  Operating conditions

•  Manufacturing parameters

•  …

•  Strength

•  Elasticity

•  Adhesion profile

•  Media resistance

•  Temperature resistance

•  Chemical resistance

•  Surface preparation ...

Translate via Henkel Expertise and Know-How


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Adhesive & Design Selection Criteria checklist

q  Specific types of substrates

q  Part & joint configuration •  Flat to flat? Cylindrical? Butt joint? Other?

q  Gap & overlap area of parts

q  Environmental extremes •  Temperatures? •  Fluid or solvent exposure? •  Salt, fog, humidity, UV, corrosive exposures? •  Type and frequency of loads / forces?

q  Process considerations •  Quantity of parts to be assembled? •  Surface preparation / cleaning capabilities? •  Fixture / cure time requirements? •  Manual, semi-automated or fully-automated process? •  Dispensing capabilities / constraints? •  Capital budget?


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Adhesive Properties Technical Data Sheet

Adhesive Substrate Cohesive


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Adhesive Properties

•  Viscosity •  Appearance •  Odor

•  Extrusion properties •  Sag •  Shelf life Uncured

•  Fixture time •  Tack free time •  Working life

•  Gel time / pot life •  Exotherm •  Cure through depth Curing

•  Shear strength •  Hardness (durometer) •  Glass transition temp. (Tg)

•  Mechanical properties (tensile, elongation, modulus) •  Resistance (environmental,

thermal, chemical, moisture, etc)

Cured


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Equipment

https://equipment.loctite.com/


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Equipment Selection Criteria checklist

q  Adhesive chemistry? q  Adhesive package? q  1-part or 2-part adhesive? q  Adhesive pot life / work life? q  Viscosity of adhesive? q  Dispense pattern? q  Curing requirements? q  Size / configuration of customer parts? q  Production rate? q  Low level detection? q  External interface? q  Capital budget?

What are the considerations when choosing appropriate equipment?


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Agenda


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Henkel Adhesive Resources

•  www.loctite.com •  The Adhesive Sourcebook •  Plastic, rubber and metal Bonding Guides •  Application assistance

•  1-800-LOCTITE (562-8483) •  Over-the-phone assistance

•  Technical Information Services team •  8 a.m.-5 p.m. Eastern time

•  In-person assistance •  Local Adhesive & Sealant Specialists

•  Technical Customer Service department •  Testing services •  Process development

•  Authorized Loctite Industrial Products Distributors •  ~ 5,000 branches in USA


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www.loctite.com U.S. industrial site

The Adhesive Sourcebook

Product categories

Market segments

Equipment website

Plastic, Rubber and Metal Bonding Guides

TDS, MSDS & RoHS Distributor locator

How-to videos

Literature, Case Histories, Quality Certifications

Product # search

July 23, 2015 Designing with Adhesives © 2015 Henkel Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Why Henkel? Adhesive supplier considerations

•  Breadth & depth of product offering •  Technical service / support

•  Quality standards / industry certifications

•  Testing capabilities

•  Global reach and resources

•  Process knowledge / dispensing equipment

•  Industry expertise / innovativeness

•  Overall value of offering


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Agenda


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Designing with Adhesives Questions?

Leslie Langnau Managing Editor Moderator [email protected]

Mike Shannahan Global Market Development Director Henkel [email protected]

Darryl Small Application Engineer Henkel [email protected]


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Thank You q  This webinar will be available at

designworldonline.com & email

q  Tweet with hashtag #DWwebinar

q  Connect with Design World

q  Discuss this on EngineeringExchange.com


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