DesktopStart menu

Task Bar

About desktop

• The first computer screen you see as soon as you start your system with windows operating system known as “desktop”.

• The desktop is divided into tow areas.• The large colored screen is called “desktop”.• Narrow band at the bottom is called “taskbar”.• Desktop GUIs help the user to easily access and edit

files, while they usually do not provide access to all of the features found in the underlying operating system

Tools consist by desktop

• Icons• Windows• Toolbars• Folders• wallpapers and desktop widgets

History

• The first desktop environment was created by Xerox and was sold with the Xerox Alto in the 1970s.

• The Alto was generally considered by Xerox to be a personal office computer

• Apple introduced a desktop environment on an affordable personal computer, which also failed in the market.

• The desktop metaphor was popularized on commercial personal computers by the original Macintosh from Apple in 1984.

• The most popular desktop enviroment including the Aero environment used in Windows Vista and Windows 7, and the Aqua environment used in OS X

Different desktop environment

• Microsoft windows =Aero environment • Apple=Aqua environment • UNIX= X environment• Samsung= Tizen • Htc = sense• Nokia= Symbian

Start Menu

ABOUT START MENU

• The Start menu is a userinterface (UI) element used in Microsoft Windows since Windows 95 and in some other operating systems.

• It provides a central launching point for computer programs and performing other tasks.

• It has different names in different operating systems and window managers

• such as Dash in GNOME and unity, and Start screen in Windows 8.

• The Start menu provided a customizable nested list of programs for the user to launch, as well as a list of most recently opened documents

• Later enhancements via Windows Desktop Update included access to special folders like "My Documents" and "Favourites" (browser bookmarks).

FIRST VERSION• The Start menu was first

introduced in Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 to overcome the shortcomings of Program Manager in previous operating systems.

• Program Manager consisted of a simple multiple document interface (MDI) which allowed users to open separate "program groups" and then execute the shortcuts to programs contained within.

Second version • The next major change in the

Start menu since its inception came in windows xp and Window server 2003.

• The Start menu was expanded to two columns: the left-hand column focuses on installed programs, while the right-hand column provides access to My Documents, My Pictures, My Music and other special folders. This column also includes shortcuts

• Windows Vista and its successors added minor changes to the menu. Prior to Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008

• The Start menu consisted of a group of menus and sub-menus that cascaded and expanded, obscuring the initially visible portions of the screen beneath them. In Windows Vista, however, cascading menus were replaced by a sliding window in the left pane of the Start menu.

• In Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, the search results pane covers both columns of the Start menu. The search box is extended to support searching Control Panel items.

• The right column in Windows 7 links to Libraries instead of ordinary folders.

• Most importantly, however, items on the Start menu support Jump lists through cascade buttons on their right.

• Unlike prior versions, the ability to revert to the "Classic" Start menu design is no longer available

Third version • On Windows 8and

Windows Server 2012, an update to the Start menu known as the "Start screen" was introduced.

• It covers the entire screen and no longer features the right column. It shows much larger tiles for programs and, whenever possible, (known as a "live tile"), behaving similarly to a widget

Fourth version• Windows 10 re-introduced

the Start menu in a revised form.

• It uses a two column design similar to Windows 7's version, except that the right side is populated by tiles, similarly to Windows 8's Start screen.

• Applications can be pinned to the right half, and their respective tiles can be resized and grouped into user-specified categories

TASK BAR

About Task bar

• A taskbar is an element of a graphical user interface which has various purposes. It typically shows which programs or applications are running on the device, as well as providelinks or shortcuts to other programs or places, such a start menu, notification area, and clock.

• The design and layout of the taskbar varies between individual operating systems, but most often assumes the form of a long strip along one edge of the screen.

Window 1.0

• Windows 1.0, released in 1985, features a horizontal bar located at the bottom of the screen where running programs reside when minimized (referred to as "iconization" at the time), represented by icons.

• A window can be minimized by double-clicking its title bar, dragging it onto an empty spot on the bar, or by issuing a command from one of its menus.

• A minimized window is restored by double-clicking its icon or dragging the icon out of the bar.

Window 95

• The taskbar was originally developed as a feature of Windows 95, but it was based on a similar user interface feature called the tray that was developed as part of Microsoft'sCairo project.

Window xp• With the window xp Microsoft changed the

behaviour of the taskbar to take advantage of Fitts's law by removing a border of pixels surrounding the Start button which did not activate the menu, allowing the menu to be activated by clicking directly in the corner of the screen.[6]

• A standard Windows XP taskbar with multiple tasks running. Note the Quick Launch toolbar, introduced in Windows 98. When the notification area is full, it can be expanded.

Window vista

• Windows Vista introduced window previews which show thumbnail views of the application in real-time.

• This capability is provided by the Desktop Window Manager. Start menu tooltip no longer says "Click here to begin". Now, says simply "Start".

Window 7• Windows 7 introduced jumplists which are menus that provide

shortcuts to recently opened documents, frequently opened documents, folders paths (in case of Windows Explorer), or various options (called Tasks) which apply to that specific program or pinned website shortcut.

• Jump lists appear when the user right-clicks on an icon in the taskbar or drags the icon upwards with the mouse left click. Recent and frequent files and folders can be pinned inside the jump list.

• Windows 7 introduced the ability to pin applications to the taskbar so that buttons for launching them appear when they are not running. Previously, the Quick launch was used to pin applications to the taskbar; however, running programs appeared as a separate button.

Window 10

• The next major revision to the taskbar came in Windows 10, where icons for Search and Task View have been added. Also visible is the shortcut to Action Center.

• Included tiles menu.

Mac os

• Classic Mac OS did not display a taskbar onscreen by default. Application switching prior to Mac OS 8.5 was done by clicking on an application's window or via a pull-down menu at the right end of the menu bar