DESY in Hamburg and Zeuthen

-Hamburg

- Zeuthen

Eckhard Elsen, DESY, July 2008

Hamburg

Zeuthen

DESY Mission

• Mission

• development

• construction

• operation and

• scientific exploitation of accelerators

• Provide access for national and international users

Internationally used, nationally funded Research Institute

Base-Budget:170 M€ (2005)

Staff:1560 FTE in Hamburg and Zeuthen

Users:3000 (1500 from abroad) from 45 nations920 in particle physics, 2100 in photon science

Eckhard Elsen, DESY, July 2008

DESY Research Pillars

• DESY has a long and successful history in three areas of basic science and advanced technology:

– Particle physics

– (one of 5 laboratories worldwide),

– Research with X-rays (synchrotron radiation) and

– Accelerator development.

• These fields stimulate each other and constitute the basis for the future of the laboratory.

Particle

Physics

(Experiment &

Theory)

Photon

Research

(SR & FEL)

Accelerator

Development

(Circular and

linacs)

DESY Research Topics

• Investigation of the structure of matter from macroscopic to atomic scales

• Exploration of the building blocks of matter and of the forces in between (discovering the quantum universe)

• Theory of Particle Physics and Cosmology

• Astroparticle physics with neutrinos (Experiments at the South pole)

• Accelerator and Detector R&D

DESY Research "tools"

Particle and Astro- Particle Physics

Accelerator Development and Operation

Research with Photons

DESY Research "tools"

Particle and Astro- Particle Physics

Accelerator Development and Operation

Research with Photons

DORIS

FLASH

PETRA III

CFEL (XFEL)

Detectors

DESY + Pre-Acc.

DORIS

FLASH

HERA

LHC

ILC

Theory

Detectors

Icecube

PETRA III

PITZ

XFEL

ILC (SCRF)

DESY’s Accelerators - today

HERA

DESY operated until recently 16 km of accelerators for:

- Particle physics

- Photon science

HERA is currently mothballed

Accelerator Development

Strategy:

• Further strengthening of know-how in accelerators, driven by science needs:

– Accelerator technology development(SCRF, electron sources)

– Operation of low-emittance, high brilliance synchrotron light sources

– Development and operation of linac driven light sources (FLASH, XFEL)

– International Linear Collider development

• Exploiting the synergy between projects and technologies

⎫⎬ ⎭

originates from TESLA collaboration

10

TESLA Technology

11

FLASH

DORIS III

PETRA III

Research with Photons at DESY

XFEL

Structural biology:Outstations of

EMBLMPG

Materials science:Outstations of

GKSSGFZ

Strategy for Research with Photons

Strategy:

• Facilitate leading edge research in physics, chemistry, material science, biology etc. through unique light sources:

• Synchrotron light sources

– DORIS

– PETRA III

• Linac driven light sources (FEL)

– VUV-FEL - FLASH

– Participation in European XFEL

• FLASH, PETRA and the XFEL are or will be unique facilities on a world scale

13

In 2006 at Hasylab:German users: 928International users: 771Nations: 40

Distribution of internationalUsers (2006)

Photon Science User

HASYLA

B only

All User

s

(incl. Life Scie

nce)

2007: about 130 FLASH

Users

distribution corresponds roughly to "number of experiments performed”, it does not scale with allocated beam time

Distribution among Research Fields (biology included)

Doris

PETRA III

June 2008:

• PETRA III-Hall

– Outside finished

– Installation of hall has started

• Refurbishment of PETRA ring finished

incident X-ray beamsample

detector

beamstop

Diffraction: From Static to Dynamics

incident X-ray beamsample

detector

beamstop

Diffraction: From Static to Dynamics

incident X-ray beamsample

detector

beamstop

Realtime holograms of motion of atoms, molecules and

electrons

on nature’s time scale

Diffraction: From Static to Dynamics

RF gun

FEL experimental area

bypass

4 MeV 150 MeV 450 MeV 1000 MeV

undulatorscollimator

bunch compressorLaser

bunch compressor

accelerator modules

The FLASH FEL as Prototype for the XFEL

Explosion at the nano-scale

Small (<1µm) Si Nitride wafer desintegrates under the action of an optical laser. Status sensed with soft X-rays.

Albrecht Wagner, July 07

First X-ray photo of free falling biological cells

1 micron

Image reconstructed using Shrinkwrap

Scat

terin

g in

tens

ity

J. Hajdu, I. Andersson, M. Svenda, M. Seibert (Uppsala)S. Boutet (SLAC)

M. Bogan, H. Benner, U. Rohner, H. Chapman (LLNL)

Single shot picture of a pico plankton from a ~10 fs flash at FLASH (DESY), λ=13.5 nm

Ostreococcus TEM section (Wenche Eikrem and Jahn Throndsen,

University of Oslo)

Albrecht Wagner, July 07 SK

Civil construction tenders out

First Beam: 2013Complete Operation with up to 10 Exp. Stations:

2015

• 14 countries have signed Memorandum of Understanding for the preparatory phase

• Construction Phase officially launched on 5 June 2007

• Preparatory Phase support by European Funds• 12 countries ready to sign convention• Funding of phase 1 assured

Status of the European XFEL Project

XFEL – Official Launch, June 5, 2007

First beam in 2013, all beamlines operational in 2015

XFEL3.4km

DESYCore

Group IIITheory

DESYCore

Group IVExperim.

DESYCore

Group VExperim.

Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL)MPG, DESY, and University of Hamburg

Drescher

Rübhausen

Wurth Johnson

Klanner

RoßbachKhan

Univ. HH

Advanced Study

Group II

Ullrich

Rost

Strüder

Schlichting

Techert

MPG

Advanced Study

Group I

MPG/Uni Core

Group IExperim.

Junior Research Group I

Junior Research Group II

Junior Research Group III

MPG/UniCore

Group IIExperim.

Max-Planck “Forschungsgruppe” of HH University

In2010anewbuildingavailablefor~300people,annualbudget~15M€

HenryChapman

AndreaCavalleri

Approach to FEL science in Germany

XFEL and its Center of Competence CFEL

now…

…and to come

Planned Center for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB)

• Establish a platform for structural biology at DESY

• Collaboration between all institutes in North Germany

• Fast access to PETRA III facilities

• Preparation for XFEL

Particle / Astroparticle Physics

Strategy:-remain a leading and attractive particle physics laboratory; key:Helmholtz-Alliance

HERA-complete physics analyses and combine results, (HERA ⇒ LHC)

LHC-involvement in ATLAS and CMS, commissioning and physics, detector R&D towards possible upgrade -Analysis centre at DESY

Linear Collider-central role in all aspects and through all phases

Theory-keep balanced excellence in phenomenology, string theory, cosmology and astroparticle physics, lattice gauge theory (incl. hardware)

IceCube -complete installation, R&D on acoustic detectors,-leading analysis contributions (⇒ multimessenger),

-prepare for the future

Questions:• How big are electron and quark?• What is the proton made of?• Which properties do the fundamental

forces have?• What is the origin of spin?• Are there new phenomena?

First collisions in 1992End of Operation 30 June 2007

HERA: Microscope - unique world-wide - with a resolution of 1/1000 of proton radius (10-18 m)

HERA

Questions:• How big are electron and quark?• What is the proton made of?• Which properties do the fundamental

forces have?• What is the origin of spin?• Are there new phenomena?

First collisions in 1992End of Operation 30 June 2007

HERA: Microscope - unique world-wide - with a resolution of 1/1000 of proton radius (10-18 m)

HERA

Particle Physics Users

About 900 scientists from 33 countries

(snapshot in 2006)

8Albrecht Wagner, July 07

HERA: 1992 – 2007HERA Fest

DESYhasendedHERAProgrammetomakeroomfornewprojects

8Albrecht Wagner, July 07

HERA: 1992 – 2007

Morethan1,000Physicists~1,000Ph.D.’s~400publications

HERMES

ZEUS

H1

HERA-b

HERA Fest

DESYhasendedHERAProgrammetomakeroomfornewprojects

ILCLHCHERA

Final MeetingMarch 21-24

DESY, Hamburg

DESY after HERA – Engagement at LHC

• Considerable overlap with the HERA programme• Preparation for the ILC

Future of Particle Physics

tera

scale

Superstrings ?

Unified

Forces

Inflationary

Expansion

Separation

of Forces Nucleon

Formation Formation

of Atoms Formation

of Stars Today

Big Bang

Time 10-43 s 10-35 s 10-10 s 10-5 s 300 000 years 109 years 15·109 years

Energy 1017 TeV 1013 TeV 1 TeV 150 MeV 1 eV 4 meV 0.7 meV

Particle Physics at the energy frontier, where the breakthroughs for cosmology and microcosm are expected

Physics at the Terascale

International Linear Collider

Reconstruction of Higgs recoil mass Detector Concepts

5

3

2.0 101.0 10

103 MeVh

abM

5

3

1.0 101.0 10

85 MeVh

abM

5

3

4.0 101.0 10

153 MeVh

abM

5

3

8.0 101.0 10

273 MeVh

abM

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Even

ts/5

00 fb

-1Ev

ents/5

00 fb

-1

5

3

2.0 101.0 10

103 MeVh

abM

5

3

1.0 101.0 10

85 MeVh

abM

5

3

4.0 101.0 10

153 MeVh

abM

5

3

8.0 101.0 10

273 MeVh

abM

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Even

ts/5

00 fb

-1Ev

ents/5

00 fb

-1

FIGURE 3.1. Higgs recoil mass spectra for tracker momentum resolution, !pt

p2t

= a ! bpt sin " , for 120 GeV

Higgs mass,"

s = 350 GeV, and 500 fb!1.

ment must veto electrons in a high radiation and high background environment. Measurementof the energy deposited by beamstrahlung pairs and photons in the BeamCal and associatedphoton calorimeter (GamCal) provides a bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement that canbe used for intra-train luminosity optimization. Beam parameters can also be determinedfrom the shapes of the observed energy depositions given su!ciently fast readout electronicsand adequate high bandwidth resolution. Near the beampipe the absorbed radiation dose isup to 10 MGy per year.

Polarimetry and beam energy spectrometry must be able to achieve very low systematicerrors, with beam energy measured to 200 ppm, and polarization to 0.1%. High-field su-perconducting solenoid designs must be refined, with development of new conductors. Thesolenoid design must also accommodate dipole and solenoid compensation, have high fielduniformity, and support push-pull. Muon detectors must be developed.

Detector system integration depends on engineering and design work in several areas.Stable, adjustable, vibration free support of the final quadrupoles is needed. Support of thefragile beampipe with its massive masking is also a concern. The detectors are required tomove on and o" beamline quickly and reproducibly (“push-pull”). The detectors must becalibrated, aligned, and accessed, without compromising performance.

Research and development on all of these detector issues must be expanded in order toachieve the needed advances.

3.2 DETECTOR CONCEPTS

Four detector concepts are being studied as candidate detectors for the ILC experimentalprogram. These represent complementary approaches and technology choices. Each conceptis designed with an inner vertex detector, a tracking system based on either a gaseous TimeProjection Chamber or silicon detectors, a calorimeter to reconstruct jets, a muon system, anda forward system of tracking and calorimetry. Table 3.1 presents some of the key parameters

ILC Reference Design Report I-27

Tracker resolution!

LHC vs ILC – in a nutshell

LHC ILC

total energy 14 TeV 0.5-1 TeV

usable energy a fraction full

beam composite point-like

signal rate high low

background very high low

analysis specific modes nearly all modes

reconstruction loose along beam full event

status soon to start design to be completed

Neutrino Astrophysics

Year String Icetop

2005 1 4

2006 8 12

2007 12-14 10

Σ 2011 70-80 70-80

DESY's 50 Anniversary – 18.12.2009

Minister Balke Max Brauer

Summary

Particle- and Astroparticle Physics

Accelerator Development &

OperationResearch with Photons

The scientific focus of the research at DESY is the understanding of the structure of matter at different length and time scales

In its three areas of key competence DESY is a world leading institution

Science driven technology developments have led to a major new research possibilities for photon science and particle physics, such

as FLASH, XFEL and ILC