determining if a compound is soluble (aq) or not
DESCRIPTION
Determining if a compound is soluble (aq) or NOT. LOOK AT TABLE F LiOH Cu(NO 3 ) 2 AgCl 2 MgS NaS 2 KOH. aq aq insoluble = precipitate = s insoluble = precipitate = s aq aq. Double Replacement Reactions. Format : AX + BY AY + BX. Double Replacement. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Determining if a compound is soluble (aq) or NOT
• LOOK AT TABLE F
– LiOH– Cu(NO3)2 – AgCl2– MgS– NaS2
– KOH
– aq– aq – insoluble = precipitate = s– insoluble = precipitate = s– aq– aq
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Double Replacement Reactions
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Double Replacement
Format: AX + BY AY + BX
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DR rns occur in aqueous solutions
• So, what exactly happens to a substance when we put it in water? – depends if ionic or covalent
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Dissolving
• sugar molecules spread out among water molecules
Covalent substance – ex: sugar (C6H12O6)C6H12O6(s)
C6H12O6(aq)
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Dissolving• Ionic substance – • ex: table salt (NaCl)
• NaCl(s) Na+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)
•ions spread out among water molecules
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Double Replacement Reactionsoccur with 2 ionic compound
solutions• Products can be:
- liquid (H2O)- - gas- - solid
Reactions producing solids
Precipitation: solid is formed - opposite of dissolving! MOVIE
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EX: Reactions producing Solids
2 NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq)
2 NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
This is the Chemical Equation but it’s not This is the Chemical Equation but it’s not the whole story…the whole story…
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In solution it’s not NaOH and CuCl2You actually have ions floating around
in water
• Reactants: 2Na+1(aq) + 2OH-1(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2Cl-1(aq)
• Products: 2Na+1(aq) + 2Cl-1(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
ions in solution are written as aqueous
OH H
Na+1
Cu2+
OH H
OH H
OH H
OH H
Cu2+
Cu2+
Cu2+
Na+1
Na+1
Cl+1
Cl-1
Cl+1
H O
H O
H O
2 NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
Cu
HO
H O
Cu
HO
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Net Ionic Equations2Na+1(aq) + 2OH-1(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2Cl-1(aq)
2Na+1(aq) + 2Cl-1(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
•Notice some ions do not participate in reaction • = spectator ions • cross out spectator ions to get net ionic equation
Here’s what is really involved in the reaction…
2OH-1(aq) + Cu2+(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)
2 NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s)
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Double Replacement Reactionsoccur with 2 ionic compound
solutions• Products can be:
- liquid (H2O)- - gas- - solid
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Reactions that form WaterHBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaBr(aq)
H+1(aq) + Br-1(aq) + Na+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)
H2O(l) + Na+1(aq) + Br-1(aq)
H+1(aq) + OH-1(aq) H2O(l)
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Reactions that form Gases
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) H2CO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
H2O(l) + CO2(g)
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Reactions that form Gases
HCl(aq) + NaHCOHCl(aq) + NaHCO33(aq) (aq)
HH22O(l) + COO(l) + CO22(g) + NaCl(aq)(g) + NaCl(aq)
H+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq) + Na+1(aq) + HCO3-1(aq)
H2O(l) + CO2(g) + Na+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)
HH+1+1(aq) + HCO(aq) + HCO33-1-1(aq) (aq) H H22O(l) + COO(l) + CO22(g)(g)
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Conservation of Charge
total charge (reactant side) must equaltotal charge on product side
• 2OH-1(aq) + Cu2+(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)• -1 x 2 + +2 = 0
• H+1(aq) + OH-1(aq) H2O(l)
• HH+1+1(aq) + HCO(aq) + HCO33-1-1(aq) (aq) H H22O(l) + COO(l) + CO22(g)(g)