determining odour emission factor from unorganized sources

Determining odour emission factor from unorganized sources

Szczecin University of Technology Laboratory for Odour Quality of the Air

in frames of a master thesis executed under direction

of prof. dr hab. inż. Joanny Kośmider

Jacek Zdyb

1. The subject of the master thesis, its aim and scope

2. Introduction

3. Methodology of calculation the emission factor

3.1. Carrying out the field research

3.2. Analysis of the results

3.3. Determining the emission factor

4. Results

5. Summary

Table of contents

The subject of my thesis is determining the annoyance of a mink farm using the

estimated emission factors obtained by field research of ground concentration.

The aim of this research is to improve a method of determining the emission factor for an area unit from unorganized sources, e.g.: MSW landfills, animal farms, sewage treatment plant or compost deposits.

The scope of this study includes :

- participation in the field research on intensity of the odour

- analysis of the obtained data

- number of odour units calculation

- determination of the emission factor considering the calculated values and taking into account terrain and weather conditions.

1. The subject of the master thesis, its aim and scope

The EN 13725, „ Air quality – Determination of odour concentration by

dynamic olfactometry” binding from 2003, defines well only the method

of determining emission factor from organized point sources. In case of

determining emission factor from unorganized sources, it is recommended

to conduct research on determining methods as soon as possible.

2. Introduction

Therefore the following relation is assumed:

In the field research 60 minutes – the usual interval of time used to mark the odour unit number - is not reliable due to changeability of conditions. For that reason 5 seconds was considered the optimal interval of time within which averagely 2 or 3 inhales are made. That is why the following conversion factor was used:

3od,60 ou/m0.1c

max

p/5odod,60 c0.1c

2. Introduction

The farm is located in an immediate vicinity of a small village, wood and meadow.

The basic herd was 4.5 thousand minks, and the full herd as many as 33 thousand.

The measurements were carried out during the whole breeding cycle on a full herd and were conducted from June to November.

Localization and surroundings of the minks farm


3. 1 Carrying out the field research

Arrangement of an odour panel (5 people: a, b, c, d, e) in terrain:


3. 1. Carrying out the field research

One measurement took 5 minutes. This period was divided into 15 second stages, during which the group of 5 evaluated the intensity of the odour. Each of the researchers noted systematically their results on the introduced sheet designed to evaluate the intensity of the odour, as presented on the present slide. Date and hour of the measurement were noted down, as well as number of the measuring spot. Additionally, one’s position oriented by the farm was also registered.


3. 1. Carrying out the field research

Completed cards from one model measurement and a collective answer sheet based on them

2Smaxp/5



3maxp/5od, ou/m18.8c

/k)(Smaxp/5od,

maxp/510c

1.6k

Calculation procedure for our model measurement

Because the obtained values express concentration of odorants, that are 10 times higher than real, were converted accordingly to the formula. The obtained values are equal to the average number of odour units for 60 minutes.

maxp/5od,od,60 c0.1c

3od,60 ou/m1.9c



Results of odour dispersion backward modelling

Counted emission of the source:

ou/s15000qod



ou/s2340qod




ou/s4500qod



This is how we calculated emission for all measurements made that day and converted per 1000 mink, thus obtaining emission factor.

Finally, emission indices were converted to Gou by multiplying emission index by 0,03.

For our model measurement emission factor equals:

Emission results converted per thousand minks

P 1/1 56.3 ou/s = 1.6 Gou/yearP 1/2 134.1 ou/s = 4.0 Gou/year

P 2/1 223.6 ou/s = 6.7 Gou/year P 2/2 223.6 ou/s = 6.7 Gou/yearP 3/1 147.6 ou/s = 4.4 Gou/yearP 3/2 147.6 ou/s = 4.4 Gou/yearP 3/3 62.6 ou/s = 1.8 Gou/yearP 4/1 279.1 ou/s = 8.3 Gou/yearP 4/2 279.1 ou/s = 8.3 Gou/yearP 5/1 69.7 ou/s = 2.0 Gou/year P 5/2 51.8 ou/s = 1.5 Gou/yearP 6/1 246.0 ou/s = 7.1 Gou/yearP 6/2 447.3 ou/s = 13.4 Gou/yearP 7/1 590.4 ou/s = 17.7 Gou/yearP 7/2 134.1 ou/s = 4.0 Gou/yearP 8/1 223.6 ou/s = 6.7 Gou/yearP 8/2 89.4 ou/s = 2.6 Gou/year

minksthousandsof·numberqFq odod

5)·0.03(15000/33.Fqod

Gou/year13.4Fqod

3.3. Determining the emission factor


Histogram (emisja 1v*17c)

Fqod = 17*2*normal(x; 5,9934; 4,3335)

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Fqod [Gou/year]

0

1

2

3

4

5

Lic

zb

a o

bs.

Fqod = 17*2*rayleigh(x; 5,1766)

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Fqod [Gou/year]

0

1

2

3

4

5

Lic

zb

a o

bs.

q = Gou/year0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Median = 4.4Median = 4.4

2.72.7

7.17.1

1.51.5

13.413.4

q = Gou/year0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Average = 6.0Average = 6.0

5.05.0

7.07.0

1.61.6

10.310.3

4. Results

Schedules of results of measurement – F q,od [Gou/year]

1. 50 % of the obtained emission factor values lie within the range of 2.7 Gou/year to 7.1 Gou/year.

2. The presented method of determining emission factor from unorganized sources is defined by good and credible dispersion results for sensorial methods. Diversity of odour perception of the odour panel has a minor impact on the results.

3. Noticeable scatters of the results would have been probably be less distinctive, if the odour panel had been selected according to the binding European regulation, and in the final phase of measurements the rule of retrospective screening members of the odour panel had been applied to.

5. Summary

Thank you for your attenntion.

determining odour emission factor from unorganized sources

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