JIIIIC 0, 1030 CHEJIISTRY AND INDUSTRY 451

t.lint iiiny be triie, but tliere is :L growing tendency to use silica mnterinls in t,hc coiiibustion chnmbers of hen ting appnrntus where very liigli temperatures nre required.

h s previously intimnted, the chapter on porcelnins hns been extended more tlinn nny. other, and this is lngcly dne to tlie modern improvenients made in Inborntory porcelnin nnd electricnl porcelain for high- tension spnrking plugs etc.

A few misprints hnvc been noticed hero nnd there, but, generally speaking, they nre not likely to occnsion serious trouble. A ciirious omission has occurred in the tnblc of contents on the lns t pnge of the first volume. In I1 Fours (Chapter VIII), nfter “ 1. Fours inter- init,tents ” (p. 297) should come : “ 2. Fours continus ’’ (1). 301), followed by : “ 3. Fours d’Essnis ” (p. 305).

Taking n bronc1 view of tlic miitter, whatever dis- appointments niny arise, Dr. Granger’s latest work will not detract from his high reputation in the ceramic world, and will take its place nmongst tlic best and most reliable general treatises on ceramics.

DIE KAI~AOIW~TEI~ u m IIIRE: VEHFHLSCIIUSGES. By Dr. I.1. FISCKE. 31ongrnphicn nus dcni GCbiCh? der l?ctt-Chetnie. l h ~ i d XII. Pp. 235. St.uttgart : Wissenschaftliclie Vcrlngs., 1929. 20 nu.

This is the first hook to be dcvotctl entirely to cacao hitter, its properties and ndultcration.

1t.s peculiar propcrt.ies (e.g., brittle fat melting fairly shnrply a t 33’ C.) make cncao Ixittcr difficult to imitate, hit 11s i t is tlic niost cqmisivc of the coinmercinl vegetable fnts, innny nttcmpts linvc been ninde. Hence tlic fullest infortnation ns to niethocls of nnnlysis is cfcsirnblc. 11. Fincke, ns clirector of the clic~iiiciil Iahorntories of Jlcssrs. Stollivcrck, is \veil quiilificd to writc on this subject, wliicli hc :ittacks in IL niost metlioilical ninnner. Tlic 238 pngcs of tlie Look nro divided into t\rcnt.y-sis scetions, Iicndecl by tlie letters

coucerning t.110 coinposition of cacao Lutter, inentioniug the work of G. 1’. Morgiiii and A. R. Brown, and including the iniportnnt results publislied by C. 11. Lett lnst year. Tliosc scclting 1111 esplnnntion of tho properties of cncno buttcr inny find it in Lea’s conclusion thnt it coiitains t i t lcnst 50 to C;Oyo of olcoptiluiitosteariiis.

Eighty pngcs are given to the inct.hocls of cstiininnt,ion of edible fats ns upplied to cncno buttcr. Sistcen pages nre devotcd to viscosity and viscosity graphs of cnciio butter and its possible ndulterants. Save for orcrlooking one or two English contributions, the work is up to dote-thiis tlio testing of cacao butter wit.11 ultni-violet rays is iiently nnd atlcqiiately tlciilt with. l\re nra irnnicil t l int all cncno butters nru litiblc to fluoresce, niid only witli ostrcnic c:iut.ion cnn we iiiuko use of the different ways in wliicli fooilstuffs conduct theniselves iiniler ultni-violet. rnys. 1iiiprovcitients in teclniiqnc me mggcstcd.

Tlic uuthor givcs inuny useful tiiblcs showing the rclntively sniiill elrcct of nntiirnl vari:&mx, or iiorinal mnnufucturing operations, on t,lie nnalytical figure6 for ciicno butter. \\’it11 cliurnctcristic tlioroughuees lie

Of t l l C dphnbCt. 1EC S e t 5 O l l t the 1)l’CSCllt kllOWlCdg0

gives tlie nnnlyticnl figures, not only for possiblc adulter- nuts, but for cncno butter rccovcrcd from chocolate, whicli tnny contnin 1, 2, 3, 4, 574, etc. of fats derived from milk, nlmonds, wnlniitR, hnzclnutu, coffee, etc.

The book is n inode1 of its kind, logical and accurate. It is \vcll printed on good paper, nnd can be rccointuonded to all those who arc concerned with the properties and nnnlysis of cmxo butter.

A. \Ir. KSAPP

DEUTSCIIER F ~ I ~ ~ E I ~ - K ~ L E N I ) E R , 1930. 39th year.

Wittenberg (IIdlc) : A. Zienisen Verlng., 1030. l’:iper, 6 rni. ; Iiound, 8 rm.

This well-known nnnual publication, now in its 39th yecir, preserves its usual form and nrrnngement. Tlic brief prefncc is pnrtly of n politicnl clinrnctcr, protesting against the hampering effect on Germnn industry of the continunlice of rcpnmtion pnynients, iind pnrtly retrospective, pointing out t h n t the period, just 100 years ngo, miirked tlie beginning of modern dyeing prtictice. In 1830 olizarinc linrl j r u t lieen isolated froin the mndder root, nntl anilinc prepnrc(l from indigo. Shortly nfter 1930 Rungc discovered rosolic :icid nnd uurine ; both products found priictic:il use in dyeing, and nlthough not distinguislied by fwt- ness, tliey niny be considered 11s forerunners of tlie coal- tar dyestuff s to come. Pnriicliiy’s discovery of beiizol and Wohlcr’s synthcsis of urea Inid even more definitely the foutldiitions of modern dyestuff production.

TIN greater part of tlie volume consists of n series of articles by rccognised iiutlioritics on various tcchnical nnd economic questions of interest to dyers iind ciilico printers. T\ro nrticlcs ench arc devoted to the vnt

reiniiining subjects tlc:ilt with :ire Advnnces in Colic0 Printing, JIcrcerisiitiori of Cotton-Piece Goods, Defects in S:itI1riil Silk, l\r\Triter for Dyeing Purposes, and, 011 tlic economic side, Trndc Customs in Dyeing nnd Clminiug Works, and Prescnt-l):iy Problems of the Commission Yarn Dyer.

Sonic useful data iire cotitiii~ictl in i in article by Dr. 1’. Ibis on the effect of iicids on nrtificid silk, embodying tlic result of rcceiit research. 110 points out the risk of acid licing left in irrtificiiil silk from t i scrooping or briglitening operation or, in the cim of niisctl fit hies coiituining wool, from an acid dycbnth. The results of liis cspcriiucnts on viscose : i d ciiI)riiiiiiiioniu1ii silks sliow that lactic ncid is the siifcst to employ. Ponnic acid, e ~ i i lien present in n 0.23% solution, 11iity ciiuso on drying n loss of 15-200/, in elasticity.

Tlic ciilcndnr also contiiins n suniintiry of pitents dciding with dyeing, printing, and finishing iniichinery, n list of uc\r dyestiin’s nnd products used in dyeing, wliicli linvc been introclucctl during the past ycnr, with idormiition regarding tlicir properties, tiiblcs of weights, forniuIru, ctc., lists of dyeing schools in Gcnntiny nnd elsewliere, of rccciit books on tlycing i i i i i l ltindretl subjects, nnd of firiiis supplying the iiccevsitics of the industry

Edited by the DEUTSCIIE ~ARUER-ZEITUNG. pp. 256.

dyestuffs i i l id tlle ~iiiphtl~ol AS. colours. A few of the

REGINALD BROWN