Developing a Remote Data Link for an Integrated Ocean

Observing System

Stephen R. PiotrowiczStephen R. Piotrowicz

Ocean.USOcean.USThe National Office for Integrated and Sustained Ocean ObservationsThe National Office for Integrated and Sustained Ocean Observations

THE SLOCUM MISSIONBy: Henry Stommel

This science fiction article, by the late Dr. Henry Stommel, was published in Oceanography, April 1989.

Argo Profiling FloatsArgo Profiling Floats Operational CharacteristicsOperational Characteristics

Surface to 2,000 mSurface to 2,000 m Salinity, Temperature and Operational Salinity, Temperature and Operational

InformationInformation Position provides Trajectory DataPosition provides Trajectory Data Repeat Transmission every 60 to 72 seconds, Repeat Transmission every 60 to 72 seconds,

10 hours every 10 days10 hours every 10 days Normally around 50 pressure levels (range 33 to Normally around 50 pressure levels (range 33 to

115)115) Data – 348 to 464 bytes (12 to 16 Argos Data – 348 to 464 bytes (12 to 16 Argos

messagesmessages

Future RequirementsFuture Requirements Transmit 500 pressure levels within one hour Transmit 500 pressure levels within one hour

with reduced power demands for with reduced power demands for communicationscommunications

Two-way communications (not necessarily on Two-way communications (not necessarily on demand) for programmingdemand) for programming

ORBCOMM Float Temperature ORBCOMM Float Temperature DataData

ORBCOMM Float Salinity DataORBCOMM Float Salinity Data

January 1998 – NSF SBIR to NAL Research (ORBCOMM/Iridium) August 1999 – Iridium Filed for Bankruptcy Protection April 2000 – ONR Submitted Navy SBIR Topic Request to Support NOPP

“Remote Data Link for an Integrated Ocean Observing System” December 2000 – Iridium Satellite LLC Formed May 2001 – SBIR Phase I Awarded

NAL Research – Data Unit System Development Omnet – Data Delivery Services

March 2002 – Phase II Contracts Awarded 96 Iridium LBTs (L-Band Transceivers)

Defense Information Systems Agency Participation 104 SIM (System Identification Module) Cards Department of Defense Gateway in Hawaii

Program History

Current Status of Iridium

66 Operational Satellites – 11 in 6 Orbital Planes

14 In-orbit Spares – At Least One in Each Plane Full Constellation Life Minimum, mid- 2010 – Aerospace Corp. Independent Study

Gateways Tempe, Arizona – Primary Gateway Fucino, Italy DoD Gateway in Hawaii Gateways to be Added to Support Commercial Demand

Satellite Network Operations Center in Leesburg, Virginia

Back-Up Facility in Chandler, Arizona

Mobile-to-Mobile Data CallMobile-to-Mobile Data Call

Iridium Gateway

D900Inter-Working

Equipment

1. MA#1 dials MSISDN or MSISDN-C of MA#21. MA#1 dials MSISDN or MSISDN-C of MA#22. MA#1 call is set-up and connected to interworking equipment2. MA#1 call is set-up and connected to interworking equipment3. Ring alert and call set-up issued by gateway to MA#23. Ring alert and call set-up issued by gateway to MA#24. MA#2 answers incoming call request (total set-up ~25 sec)4. MA#2 answers incoming call request (total set-up ~25 sec)5. End-to-End connection established, over the constellation, between 5. End-to-End connection established, over the constellation, between

MA#1 & MA#2MA#1 & MA#2

1

2

2 2

MobileApplication

(MA#1)

MobileApplication

(MA#2)

3

3

4

5

5

1

9500 Phone Converted to Data Module9500 Phone Converted to Data Module Vendor Selected and NRE Funded by IridiumVendor Selected and NRE Funded by Iridium Serial, Power and Antenna ConnectorSerial, Power and Antenna Connector Dial-Up and Internet Data ServicesDial-Up and Internet Data Services Cost of Production Units - $1,000Cost of Production Units - $1,000 Available NowAvailable Now Quantity Subject to Available InventoryQuantity Subject to Available Inventory

Service Cost - <$0.12/kbyteService Cost - <$0.12/kbyte Power - 20 J/kbytePower - 20 J/kbyte Two-Way CommunicationTwo-Way Communication Guaranteed Packet DeliveryGuaranteed Packet Delivery

Data Unit Phase I

Data Unit Phase I

Weight: ~580 g (~500 w/o GPS)Dimensions: 9.5” L x 2.8” W x 1.5” DSIM Card Reader: InternalOperating Frequency: 1616 - 1626.5 MHzPower: 0.75W Average (0.6W w/o GPS)Operating Temperature: -30°C/+60°CDuplexing Method: Time Division DuplexMultiplexing Method: TDMA/FDMALink Margin (w/external antenna): 12.5 dB averageData Rate: 2400 bits per secondInterface: Standard RS-232 (AT commands)

9505 Based Product9505 Based Product Leverage Current Handset ProductionLeverage Current Handset Production Work with Celestica and Third Party Vendor to Obtain Work with Celestica and Third Party Vendor to Obtain

Board Level product.Board Level product. 30% Reduction in Physical Size as compared with 950030% Reduction in Physical Size as compared with 9500 15% Less Power Consumption during data calls15% Less Power Consumption during data calls Dial-up and PPP Internet Access Data ServicesDial-up and PPP Internet Access Data Services Short Burst Data CapableShort Burst Data Capable

Next GenerationNext Generation

Data Unit Phase II – Next Generation

Program Status

Distributing 96 L-Band Transceivers and 104 SIM Cards Web Solicitation for Potential Applications Objective is a Spectrum of Platforms, Environments, and Data Delivery Requirements Participants Selected in June Distribution of Conventional Data Units Began in June 2002 Distribution of GPS Capable Units Began February 2003

Global Participation

International – Australia and U.K.; 5 Investigators/6 Projects United States – 33 Projects

18 Academic (Navy, NSF, State) 8 NOAA 3 Department of Defense (2 Navy, 1 SACLANT) 3 Commercial 1 NASA

Argo Profiling Floats

22 GPS-Equipped Units Short-Burst Data Operational Implementation

Cost and Billing Data Dissemination Command and Control

Iridium Gateway

D900SBM NetworkEquipment

Internet

UserApplication

Short Burst Data is an Efficient Packet-Based Service.Short Burst Data is an Efficient Packet-Based Service. Service is Planned to Support ~1900 bytes in both MO & MT Service is Planned to Support ~1900 bytes in both MO & MT

DirectionsDirections Pricing plans to be based on per byte usagePricing plans to be based on per byte usage Combination of Circuit & Short Burst Data Results in Cost Combination of Circuit & Short Burst Data Results in Cost

Effective Usage Growth.Effective Usage Growth.

Short Burst Data Service

DISA Commercial

Soft SIM Card ConceptNAL Research, Manassas, VA

Users Users

DISASIM Card

DISASIM Card

Comm.SIM Card

Comm.SIM Card

Modem 1 Modem 2 Modem 3 Modem 4 Modem 5

SoftSIM Card

SoftSIM Card

SoftSIM Card

SoftSIM Card

University of Washington Seaglider

Courtesy of Charlie Eriksen, University of Washington

Iridium Controlled; 377 dives some to 1,200 metersGlider was redirected and recovered by small vessel

30 J/kbyte

$0.11/kbyte

Some Issues for the Community

Hardware Configuration and Design Antennas LBTs Other (e.g., PC Board)

Transmission Protocols Common Needs

Data Routing Data Distribution Data Storage

Technical Working Group (?) National International Other Telemetry Technologies

Input Into Future Developments Fourth Generation LBT!

Costs

MUOS(Multiple User Objectives System)

Operational in 2013 Flying/Beta Testing ? Global, Real-Time, Two-Way, Etc. Iridium-Compatible, Plug-In Modules