developing vietnamese cadastral data standards based on iso 19100 (3576)
TRANSCRIPT
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Developing Vietnam’s Cadastral Data Standards based on ISO 19100
DOI Do Duc, TH!" !gu#en Van, Dr$ "I!" Tran %ac&, T'! Vo n& and TO!
!gu#en (uang, Vietnam
)e# *ords: Standards; Cadastre; Digital cadastre; Geoinformation.
S'++-
For consistency in creating, managing, using and sharing cadastral data for land
administration purpose, it is critical that cadastral data standards be available. They ill serve
as the basis for standardi!ing cadastral data and for a land information system in "ietnam in
the future.The purpose of this paper is to present the approaches ta#en to developing cadastral data
standards for "ietnam and the #ey contents of the standards.
The cadastral data standards of "ietnam are developed based on international geodata
standards $S% &'&((, "ietnam)s basic national geodata standards and reference made to
developed cadastral data standards from several other countries. The contents of "ietnam*s
cadastral data standards include standards for cadastral data structures, standards for contents
of cadastral data, standards for cadastral data coordinate reference systems, standards for
cadastral data +uality, standards for cadastral data presentation, standards for cadastral
metadata, and standards for cadastral data echanging - distributing.
Cadastral data structures are designed based on obect oriented modeling, described ith/01, ith temporal data models used for storing historical data.
G01 application diagrams are derived from /01 diagrams, used for updating, echanging
and distributing cadastral data.
The purpose of having a uni+ue set of cadastral data standards is for standardising cadastral
data re+uired for consistent land procedures, for a national land database and a land
information system to be built, and for convenience in distributing and echanging cadastral
data for multi2users ranging from the Government, ministries, to various layers of governance
and local authorities and the community.
Developing Vietnam’s Cadastral Data Standards based on ISO 19100
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving
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8/17/2019 Developing Vietnamese Cadastral Data Standards Based on ISO 19100 (3576)
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DOI Do Duc, TH!" !gu#en Van, Dr$ "I!" Tran %ac&, T'! Vo n& and TO!
!gu#en (uang, Vietnam
&. I!TOD'CTIO!
The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overvie of "ietnam)s cadastral datastandards, hich are developed based on geo2data standards $S% &'&(( >"ietnam)s basic geo2
data?, particularly the draft versions of $S% &'@4 - 1and 7dministration Domain 0odel.
7ccording to the eisting technical regulations on cadastral mapping data and cadastral
attribute data "ietnam, data of these to types must be in close relation. 5ut in reality, it is not
alays that such relation is ensured. 7 common case is that attribute data is updated more
often than mapping data, and as such the relation beteen mapping data and attribute data
after some time becomes loose.
To moderni!e the land administration system of "ietnam, in addition to other obs about
finali!ing the legal frameor#, procedures for land administration and land registration, animportant thing to do is to finalise developing cadastral databases in the provinces.
The 1and $nformation System >1$S? is epected to contribute to improving the land
administration capacity in "ietnam. Aith 1$S, land information ill be updated and provided
to support decision ma#ing in land administration, land administration public services, and to
meet the land information need by other government agencies and by the hole economy.
6oever, it has been difficult for land information systems to be developed due to the fact
that "ietnam)s technical regulations are still lagging behind the development of G$S
technology in general and 1$S technology in particular. 7s such, 0inistry of 8atural
esources and =nvironment of "ietnam >0o8=? has decided to carry out a proect to
develop cadastral data standards, hich are epected to be used as a uni+ue tool for
developing cadastral databases as ell for promoting faster and in a sustainable ay the
development of land information systems in the provinces of "ietnam.
For such critical purpose, cadastral data standards have been developed based on conceptual
models and $S% &'&(( >"ietnam)s geodata standards?, particularly the conceptual models in
$S% &'&@4 as ell the eisting legal frameor# of "ietnam on land administration.
4. %C)"O'!D
&. Vietnam’s basic geodata standards
These basic geodata standards began to be developed in 4((@ and ere completed and issued
in February 4((B. These standards include (' modules based on $S% &'&(( of $S%3TC4&&
folloing $S% &'&(2
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Geographic feature classification
Coordinate reference system
Geo2metadata
Geodata +uality
Geodata presentation
=ncryption in geodata echange
The national basic geodata standards are the legal and technical frameor# that governs the
development of speciali!ed data standards. 7t present, the cadastral data standards set is one
of the to speciali!ed data standards sets developed by 0%8=.
The general model about applying $S% &'&(( and "ietnam)s basic geodata standards for
developing speciali!ed data standards is depicted belo:
$S% &'&((
57S$C G=%D7T7 ST78D7DS profiles
S
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Set of mapping symbols: governing presentation of cadastral map contents.
Cadastral map contents include such features as parcel boundary, house outline, socio2
economic points, hydrological features, transport features, topographic features.
7t present, both analogue cadastral maps and digital cadastral maps are stored in C7D0icroStation DG8 format for the purpose of land administration.
4. Cadastral attribute data
Cadastral attribute data include the folloing categories:
1and parcel
1and user
1and administrator
Shared and on land use
1and use purpose 1and use history
1and use temporal term
Financial obligation
1and use restriction
1and price
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To have a uni+ue format for data echange for the purpose of updating and
distributing cadastral data
To improve the +uality of cadastral data
$t is very important to have a uni+ue model for cadastral data structure and contents because
the eisting cadastral data regulations only govern traditional data contents: layers of mappingobects, cadastral attribute data, analog record forms, etc., therefore inconsistencies have been
caused hen such regulations are used to develop cadastral databases by the provinces.
The eisting regulations on data echange for updating and distributing cadastral data are
currently about distributing cadastral maps in 0icroStation DG8 format, or etracting parcel
maps from cadastral maps, or analog forms for data distribution.
The eisting regulations have made it difficult for developing cadastral databases using spatial
database technology as ell as echanging cadastral data; they have also restricted 1$S
applications.
E. CDST DT ST!DDS
&. Cadastral 2eature Catalogue
Cadastral feature catalogue is developed folloing the standards for geographical feature
catalogue - "ietnam)s basic geodata standards >based on $S% &'&&(?. The features defined in
the catalogue include:
Spatial features
7ttribute features
The main characteristics of features defined in cadastral feature catalogue include:
=ach feature has a uni+ue identifier developed in conformity to uuid >/niversally
/ni+ue $dentifiers?
=ach feature has temporal attributes: beginTime and endTime
/sing uuid helps maintain the relation beteen features in the cadastral database and facilitate
updating3synchronising cadastral databases.
The beginTime and endTime attributes are used for features that have different temporal
versions, facilitating their organi!ation in the cadastral database and alloing for retrieving
historical data at any point of the past.
/uid is used not only for all cadastral features >spatial and attribute? but also other features,
such as:
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The parcel identifier consists of administration code, cadastral sheet map code, and parcel
number in sheet.
4. Cadastral pplication Sc&ema
&. Spatial schema
The cadastral application schema includes definitions of data structure of geographical
features such as parcels, houses... and non2geographical features such as persons, rights, land
titles...
Spatial attributes of geographical features are presented using geometric primitives or
topological primitives.
For land parcels, inged2edge topology is used; therefore it is necessary to epand the spatial
schema of $S% &'&( to ma#e it suitable for the topology.
The leftFace and rightFace of DC=dge correspond to the coboundary of $S% &'&(. The
eternal=dge and internal=dge of DCFace correspond to the boundary of $S% &'&(. 7nd
the netight=dge, preight=dge, net1eft=dge, pre1eft=dge are the epansions re+uired to
support the inged2topology applied in "ietnam)s cadastral data standards.
The DC=dge, DCFace are defined as inherited from DC%bect; therefore, hen there is a
change to a land parcel >dividing or merging?, the boundaries or parcels that have a relation to
the changed boundary or parcel ill only have their topology changed.
4. /01 application schema
The DC%bect is developed based on the "ersioned%bect in $S% &'&@4 to facilitate
management of historical data in the database. To manage different versions of one feature
instant, the DC%bect uses one uuid for each feature instant. Therefore, the features of DC%bect include:
/uid for each feature instant
beginTime for each version of the feature instant
endTime for each version of the feature instant
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving
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=ach cadastral feature hen changed >from one version to another or replaced to present
another feature? ill refer to a feature that describes transactions that changed the feature such
as transactionType, transactionDate, the authorities that process the transactions,....
The features in the cadastral application schema are grouped into to: spatial and attribute;
there is a relation beteen these to groups. =ach feature ill have sub2features to describe
changes of the feature in its life cycle. The figure belo depicts a feature about individuals
ith name that can be changed.
The land legislation of "ietnam recogni!es the right to use a land parcel and the right to on
the building and other properties associated to the parcel; therefore, in the cadastral data
standards, the core model of $S% &'&&@ has been epanded. Details are as follos:
The features that describe rights include: the feature for land use rights, and the featurefor onership of properties associated ith the parcel
Features about restrictions and obligations in relation to the features about land use
rights and onership of properties associated ith the parcel
To features ith registered rights: the land parcel >DCDCDCForest?, orchards >DC%rchard?, apartments >DC7partment?, non2residential
buildings >DC5uildngs$nstallations?
7s such, one party >individual, organi!ation, householdH? may have rights to use one or
more than one land parcels and have onership of one or more than one pieces of properties
attached to the land. $n special cases, the right to use the land parcel may belong to one person
hile the onership of the properties associated to the land may belong to another.
Relational diagram between party, land use right, right to own buildings and other
properties associated with land
The conceptual schema about parties is an epanded development from the 17
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Parties
E. $ntegrating basic geodata application schema into cadastral application schema
For land administration, there is a need for both detailed cadastral data and basic geographical
data. 7t present, "ietnam is finalising basic geodata standards. To avoid duplication and to
ensure compatibility for echanging and integrating cadastral data and basic geodata, e do
not redefine the features that have been defined in the basic geodata standards but only refer
to them.
The topics referred to include:
Frontiers, administrative boundaries;
eference;
Transport;
6ydrology; Topography
eference beteen the conceptual model of cadastral data and the conceptual model of basic
geodata is an important pre2condition for developing a universal spatial data infrastructure
here cadastral data is one component.
E. "+ application sc&ema or cadastral data
This part of the paper describes the #ey elements of the G01 application schema for cadastral
data. The G01 application schema is developed primarily for to purposes:
To provide a method, format for change update only;
To provide a format distributing cadastral data for other applications.
&. For updating
The land administration of "ietnam is divided into levels: central >General Department of
1and 7dministration2GD17?, provincial >Department of 1and 7dministration 2 D%8=?,
district >Section of 8atural esources and =nvironment 2 S%8=?, communal >communal
land administration?. 5asically, cadastral data is maintained and updated on three levels, i.e.
provincial, district, and communal. Therefore, maintaining and updating data across thesethree levels is urgently necessary to ma#e sure cadastral data is up to date and accurate. Ahen
there is a change in one database3at one level, updating is re+uired for the other to.
G01 application schema for updating cadastral data is developed based on a universal uni+ue
identifier for each feature instant.
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving
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9/12
For cadastral data, it is re+uired that historical data is stored. Therefore, hen a feature
changes, ne version of it ill be created to update.
The type of features that update a cadastral feature to turn it into a historical feature in the
database:
7dding a feature of a changeType to define the feature as an update in case the update is
re+uired after an error has been made >changeType I /pdate? or adding a ne instant of thefeature or a ne feature >changeType I 8e?.
4. G01 application schema for distributing cadastral data
%ne feature instant has different versions; the versions have the same uuid and only differ in beginTime; therefore, the actual id of a version of the feature instant should be uuid and
beginTime. %n the other hand, G01 only supports relation beteen elements via J1in# and
re+uires that each element have one uni+ue id throughout the G01 records. Therefore, it is
impossible to use the G01 relation mechanism for coding the relation beteen features in the
cadastral application schema >as the actual id is uuid and beginTime?.
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving
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The solution to this matter is that the G01 application schema is only used to support
distributing cadastral data at a specific point of time or distributing various G01 records for
various points of time.
. CO!C'SIO!
5ased on the draft standards $S% &'&@4 and others of $S% &'&((, the draft cadastral data
standards of "ietnam have been developed and are being piloted in some provinces and
finalised. They are scheduled to be issued for national use in Kune 4(&(.
/sing $S% &'&(( and "ietnam)s basic geodata standards, the development has been easier by
ta#ing on the conceptual models and standardi!ation methods recommended by $S% &'&((.
5asically, the conceptual model of cadastral data of "ietnam has been developed folloing
the obect2oriented model, hich is possible for storing historical data by applying temporal
data model, standardi!ing spatial topology data model for land parcels, suggesting a G01
application schema for updating and distributing cadastral data.
The developed cadastral data standards are also possible for integrating cadastral data and
basic geodata by offering a model for referencing to basic geodata features. This is the basis
for developing a universal spatial data infrastructure.
The cadastral data structure model is developed folloing the obect oriented model,
described in /01 and using temporal data model for storing historical data.
G01 application schema is derived from the /01 application schema and is used for
updating, distributing cadastral data.
7 uni+ue set of cadastral data standards offers the possibility for standardising cadastral data
re+uired for consistent land procedures, for a national land database and land information
system to be built, for convenience in distributing and echanging cadastral data for multi2
users ranging from the Government, ministries, to various layers of governance and local
authorities and the community.
5y using modern approaches and folloing the international trends in this regard, the
cadastral data standards of "ietnam are being highly ran#ed in both theoretical and practical
terms as compared ith regional countries.
.2..!C.S
&. 8ational basic geodata standards, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment
>0%8=?, 4((B
4. Cadastral data standards >Draft version?, General Department of 1and
7dministration >GD17?, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment, 4(('
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving
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%IO"3HIC !OT.S
DOI Do Duc, Director, Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation, General Department of
1and 7dministration, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam.
TH!" !gu#en Van, Director, eLG$S,.KSC.
T'! Vo n&, "ice Director, Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation, General Department
of 1and 7dministration, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam.
"I!" Tran %ac&, "ice Chairperson, "ietnam 7ssociation of Geodesy - Cartography -
emote Sensing.
TO! !gu#en (uang, Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation, General Department of
1and 7dministration, 0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam.CO!TCTS
D%$ Do Duc
Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation,
General Department of 1and 7dministration >GD17?
0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam >0o8=?
B3' Giai "GC?
oom E(4, 5loc# @, 54, 8guyen 6ong St., Dong Da Dist, 6anoi, "ietnam
Tel. N B '(E4@@'BFa N B B4 E'B
=mail: tranbachgiang M gmail .com Aeb site: .vgcr.org.vn
T/78 "o 7nh
Centre of 7rchives and 1and $nformation,
General Department of 1and 7dministration >GD17?
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving
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0inistry of 8atural esources and =nvironment of "ietnam >0o8=?
B3' Giai B.? E''(@B@ - Fa: >B.? E '(4(
=mail: toan#cs M yahoo .com Aebsite: .gdla.gov.vn
3
TS 45 2 1and Tools and Standards
D%$ Do Duc, T678G 8guyen "an, Dr. G$78G Tran 5ach, T/78 "o 7nh and T%78 8guyen 9uangDeveloping "ietnam)s Cadastral Data Standards based on $S% &'&((
th F$G egional ConferenceSpatial Data Serving