development cooperation between asia and africa - contribution toward a green revolution in africa
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Development Cooperation Between Asia and Africa
(Contribution toward a Green Revolution in Africa )
Motofumi KOHARARural Development Department
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Brussels Rural Development Briefings, Brussels, (2nd July 2008)
Japan’s ODA and Agriculture Sector for Africa
J apan' s ODA Expedi nture by Sector i n CY 2002-2006
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
20022003200420052006
Agr i cul ture, Forest ry and Fi shery Soci al I nf rast ructure and Servi ces*Economi c I nf rast ructure and Servi ces Mi ni ng and I ndust ryTrade and Touri sm Mul t i sector
• Japan’s ODA for Africa in 10 yrs. 1,067 m$ →2,558 m$
(1996) (2006)
• Agriculture, forestry and fishery sector was 598.8 m$ and account for only 7.3% in 2006.
J apan' s ODA by Regi on i n FY 1996 and 2006
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500
アフリカ アジア 中近東 中南米 その他
$ mi l l i on
1996 2006
Af ri ca Asi a L, Ameri caM, East Others
Japan’s ODA for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Sector In agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, • Africa account for 16.5% in Total Japan’s ODA in 2006.
• Africa account for 33.9% in Technical Cooperation and Grant Aid.
Tech. Coop Grant Aid Loan TotalAsia 82.29 24.42 255.48 362.19 Africa 55.04 43.62 98.67 Latin America 32.27 30.97 51.97 115.21 Middle East 4.19 4.19 Other 16.65 1.89 18.54 Total 190.45 100.91 307.45 598.80
Commitment Base in 2006, in million US$
Increase Rice Production in Yokohama Action Plan
3 pillars of Agriculture and Rural Development in Yokohama Action Plan
1. Enhance capacity to increase food production and agricultural Productivity“Increase rice production through developing capacities to adopt systematic crop management, and new methodologies including wider use of New Rice for Africa (NERICA), aiming at doubling the rice production in African countries in ten years.”
2. Improve access to markets and agricultural competitiveness
3. Support sustainable management of water resources and land use
Rice Production Quantity(1000t)
●More than 1000●Between 500 and 1000●Between 100 and 500●Between 10 and 100
( Reference : Consumption per capita in Japan 63.8kg )
○West African Countries :Rice is staple food.
Rice Production and Consumption per CapitaIn Africa
○East African Countries :Rice is becoming major grain.
Madagascar 126kg
Cote d’Ivoire 79kg
Guinea 91kg
Uganda 2.6kg ( Yr.1990 ) → 6.7kg ( Yr.2005 )Mozambique
6.8kg ( Yr.1990 ) → 23.1kg ( Yr.2005 )
Senegal 70kg
Production and Consumption of Major Grains in Africa
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year
×10
00(
t)
Producti onConsumpti on
Maize
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year
(×10
00t
)
Product i onConsumpti on
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year
(×10
00t
)
Producti onConsumpti on
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year
(×10
00t
)
Producti onConsumpti on
Rice (Milled) Wheat
Sorghum
Widening Demand-
supply Gap (Rice and
Wheat)
Soaring International
Food Prices
+
Food Crisis
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,00019
6119
6319
6519
6719
6919
7119
7319
7519
7719
7919
8119
8319
8519
8719
8919
9119
9319
9519
9719
9920
0120
0320
05
1000
ha
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
t/ha
AreaYield
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
1000
ha
0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00
t/ha
AreaYield
Why Focusing on Rice in Africa?• Expanding ConsumptionExpanding Consumption Rice consumption is rapidly increasing in
many African countries.
• Suitable WeatherSuitable Weather Rice is tropical crop originally. ( Very limited area for Wheat cultivation. )
• Suitable LandSuitable Land There are wide undeveloped wetlands.
• Potential of Productivity ImprovementPotential of Productivity Improvement There is possibility to increase yield per There is possibility to increase yield per unit with basic technology transfer and unit with basic technology transfer and inputs such as fertilizer and improved inputs such as fertilizer and improved seeds.seeds. South-South Cooperation
Asia
Africa
Increasing Rate of Yield per unit
area : 2.2 timesIncreasing Rate of
Area : 1.3 times
Increasing Rate of Yield per unit
area : 1.4 timesIncreasing Rate of
Area : 3.3 times
• African Green Revolution will be promoted through learning from experience of Asian Green Revolution.
Essentials of “Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)”Double rice harvest within 10 years from the present
production of 14 million tons to 28 million tons
Irrigated FieldRehabilitation of Existing Irrigation Facilities, Strengthening of Water
User’s Association
Rainfed LowlandEstablishment of Rice Development Model
Rainfed UplandExpanding of NERICA
Dissemination
AGRA, FARA, NEPAD, WARDA, IRRI,JIRCAS, JICA
WB, AfDB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP etc
Pilot Countries
Core Organization
Partner( Donor )
Implementation Framework
Goal of the Initiative
Approaches classified by agro-ecology
Goal: - Double Africa’s rice harvest within ten years ( 14 million tons →28 million tons ) - Accompanied by other measures for rural development . MeasuresMeasures: - Yield-enhancing technical packages - Large numbers of demonstration plots for dissemination of new production technologies - Small and medium-scale water management interventions - Introduction of small-scale rice processing equipment - Creation of better links between smallholder farmers and rice markets - Linkages with existing rice programs and policy frameworks (e.g. CAADP, ARI) - High level advocacy measures for adequate representation of the rice sector in CAADP national and regional roundtable processes - Partnering with all the stakeholders dedicated or capable of contributing to a Green
Revolution in Africa - Preferentially targeting women rice producers to reduce their burden
“Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)”-Goal and Measures-
MechanismMechanism :: - A Coalition to be formed as a consultative grouping of participating bilateral and multilateral donors and African and international institutions - Core Members: AGRA, NEPAD, FARA, WARDA, IRRI, JIRCAS, JICA - Possible Donor Partners: AfDB, WB, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNDP, Bilateral donors (Asian rice producing countries), etc - Pilot Countries: Selection criteria to be established (e.g. national policies; readiness of donor intervention; production growth potential; groups with similar production characteristics) - Secretariat: Staff allocated from AGRA, WARDA and JICA in AGRA Head Quarters in Nairobi
Main Function of CARDMain Function of CARD :: - Harmonization/coordination of policies and actions between CARD and African rice producing countries - Identification of high potential areas - Advocacy and resource mobilization - Information/knowledge sharing and dissemination of technologies - Facilitation of human and institutional capacity strengthening - Monitoring the progress of the Coalition initiative
“Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD)”-Implementation Mechanism-
Green Revolution in Asia
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Year
Yield
( ton
/ha ) Rice Asia
Rice in SSANon-Rice AsiaNon- rice in SSA
By Dr. Keijiro Otsuka, FASID
- Asian green revolution has been realized in rice production.
- Asian green revolution has been achieved through the close collaboration of research institution (IRRI), multilateral and bilateral donors.
- Asian experience is very useful, although conditions prevailing in Africa are different.
South-south Cooperation between Asia and Africa
• TICAD IV stressed the importance of “Broadening Partnership” and calls for the promotion of South-South cooperation, in particular Asia and Africa.
• Support for agriculture under the TICAD process will include attention to ..…, and the encouragement of South-South cooperation including triangular cooperation.
• Thailand and Vietnam expressed their willingness to contribute agriculture development in Africa during TICAD IV meeting.
• With the partnership of JICA’s South-South cooperation program, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Thailand have already started their cooperation for agriculture and rural development in Africa.
• CARD encourage the participation of Asian countries for the achievement of the doubling rice production in Africa.
END
Thank you for your attention