development of clinical practice guidelines (cpgs) in oncology nutrition charitini orphanidou, msc,...
TRANSCRIPT
Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) in Oncology Nutrition
Charitini Orphanidou, MSc, RDN
Regional Professional Practice Leader
Nutrition Services - BCCA
Centre for the Southern Interior
BACKGROUND Mandate by CSCC, HC, and CAPCA for health
disciplines in oncology care to develop Standards of Practice (SOPs) and Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs)
In 2003, a national working group of the Oncology Nutrition Network of Dietitians of Canada developed National Oncology Nutrition SOPs
A project was conducted from Jan-April 2003, to provide background for the development of National Oncology Nutrition CPGs
CPGs National Working Group
Charitini Orphanidou Co-Chair BC Karen Biggs Co-Chair
ONT Satnam Sekhon Member BC Angela Martens Member MAN Donna Danelon Member ONT Catherine Morley Contract Work BC
CPGs - What are they?
Systematically developed statements that inform practitioners and patients about the best available research evidence that pertains to the management of a specific clinical condition.
CPGs - Why do we need them? Growing evidence of unexplained and
inappropriate variations in clinical practice patterns.
Concern that further limitations in resources will affect the delivery of high quality health care.
Clinicians have difficulty assimilating evolving scientific evidence into practice.
The Practice Guidelines Development Cycle
8. Scheduled Review
7. Adopt guideline, policies
6. Negotiate practice policies
5. Independent review
1. Select/Frame clinical problem
2. Generate evidence-based-recommendation
(EBR)
3. Ratify EBR
4. Formulate practice guideline
update
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level I Evidence
– Review of all relevant RCTs Level II Evidence
– At least one properly designed RCT Level III Evidence
– Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization
Level IVA Evidence– Evidence from descriptive studies of provider
practices, patient behaviors/knowledge/attitudes Level IVB Evidence
– Opinions of respected authorities
CPGs for Oncology Nutrition
How do we start? Where do we focus? What is important?
PURPOSE OF PROJECT To identify key clinical issues in oncology
nutrition care from the perspectives of dietitians working in cancer centres and community settings in order to:
• establish priorities for CPG development• suggest other resources required to
support oncology nutrition practice• inform future CPG development research
projects
FUNDING SOURCES
Lynn Stevenson, BCCA Provincial Practice Leader for Nursing
Oncology Nutrition Network of Dietitians of Canada
Supportive Care Department, Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre
OBJECTIVES Identify key oncology nutrition clinical issues in
cancer centre and community settings requiring CPG development
Recommend directions on study submitted to CFDR
Identify and recommend practice resource needs in oncology nutrition care
Recommend approaches to enhance CPG uptake and use
Recommend a CPG dissemination plan
Identify and report any unanticipated findings
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Interviews and discussion groups with BC dietitians– 14 BCCA dietitians– 14 dietitians working in acute care hospitals and
community settings
Written survey to Ontario oncology dietitians
Review of BCCA Nutrition Services report from Partners in Cancer Care conference, Nov 2002
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Interviews and discussion groups focused on the assessment, intervention, monitoring/outcomes components of care
Use of a modified Delphi Process (present earlier findings to subsequent respondents to more clearly articulate the issues)
FINDINGS
KEY CLINICAL ISSUES REQUIRING CPG DEVELOPMENT
NUTRITION RISK SCREENING
– optimal approaches to screening
– review of available tools
– diagnostic vs predictive role
– use in initial assessment and in evaluation of nutrition intervention outcomes
KEY CLINICAL ISSUES REQUIRING CPG DEVELOPMENT
OPTIMAL ENTERAL NUTRITION SUPPORT
(esp. pertaining to oral and esophageal cancers and dual modality treatments)
- Types of enteral support
- Diagnoses that would most benefit
- Prophylactic or reactive initiation
- Duration of enteral support
CPG DEVELOPMENT STEPS• Systematic review of the literature for each topic to
be investigated
• Definition of literature inclusion/exclusion criteria
• Gather documents to review
• Include published and unpublished materials (include manual searching)
• Determination of document relevance relative to criteria
• Summary preparation of available evidence
CHALLENGES
Evidence available in oncology nutrition care not comparable in volume to that for other disciplines
There are neither the number of researchers nor research funding sources available compared to other disciplines
PRACTICE RESOURCE NEEDSOF CANCER CENTRE RDNs
CPGs and/or evidence summaries
An oncology nutrition practice research program
A Foundations of Oncology Nutrition Care Manual
PRACTICE RESOURCE NEEDS OF RDNs IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS
Primary need is for a Foundations of Oncology Nutrition Care Manual – oncology nutrition care in community settings
mostly involves symptom management for patients prior to cancer diagnosis, or rehabilitating following treatment
Perceived CPGs to be more relevant to cancer centre dietitians
ONCOLOGY NUTRITION PRACTICERESEARCH PROGRAM
For what cancer diagnoses and treatment does nutrition support make the most difference in morbidity and mortality?
What is the role of Nutrition Services in offering support to:
- meet physiologic needs?
- eating changes due to cancer treatment?
- patients confused/overwhelmed about what to eat?
- patients/families in palliative situations?
Oncology Nutrition Research Programcould be framed according to 4 outcome categories:
Biochemical / physical parameters
Performance / functional parameters
Financial considerations (including cost benefit/cost effectiveness assessment)
Client perceptions
FOUNDATIONS OF ONCOLOGY NUTRITION CARE MANUAL
contain evidence based information on best practices
contain information on issues / situations regarding beliefs, meaning of eating, suggestions to counselling approaches
articulate positions or evidence summaries about new and / or controversial aspects of oncology nutrition
DISSEMINATION AND USE OF CPGs
For community RDNs, CPGs simply need to be made available when ready (value BCCA dietitians and resources highly!)
For Cancer centre RDNs, developmental process must be inclusive and collaborative
POTENTIAL USES OF RESOURCES
BCCA RDNs• inform decision making and
planning
• promote consistent practice
• orient new staff
• educate and train interns, graduate students
• provide updates to RDNs in community
• facilitate research agenda
COMMUNITY RDNs• enhance patient care
• enhance communication with BCCA RDNs
• be kept up-to-date on developments
• educate and train interns
UNANTICIPATED FINDINGSDIFFERING APPROACHES TO ONCOLOGY
NUTRITION CARE: FOR CANCER CENTRE RDNs
1. Centrality of knowing tumour site and stage, treatment plans, and pre-existing conditions
2. Consideration of three components of nutritional assessment and intervention planning:
- physiologic nutritional needs- beliefs, meanings of food/eating- nutrition education/counselling approaches
3. Assessment and planning/implementing interventions are intertwined; not discrete activities
UNANTICIPATED FINDINGS DIFFERING APPROACHES TO ONCOLOGY NUTRITION CARE: FOR COMMUNITY RDNs
1. Often did not know patient’s diagnosis
2. Did not have in-depth familiarity with different types of cancer, cancer treatment, and its implications
3. Nutrition care for cancer pts was only one of many conditions they tried to stay up-to-date
4. Hospital-based practice offers little/no opportunity for follow-up. Often arrange for BCCA RDNs to follow pts as there is little/no Home Care RDN support in BC
UNANTICIPATED FINDINGSRESOURCES USED TO INFORM PRACTICE
Resources used by BCCA dietitians related to the three components of nutritional assessment
With experience, practice became less dominated by textbook or manual type information
With experience, strive to find a balance between standards for care and personalized solutions
Monitor the medical and nutrition literature, consult
with patients and families, and dietetic/medical colleagues
Where Are We Now?
Seeking input from other Nutrition specialty areas that have developed CPGs (eg. ICU Nutrition Support)
Forming partnerships with organizations that have the infrastructure to develop CPGs (eg. Cancer Care Ontario program in evidence based care)
Pursuing alternative funding sources