Development of Cloud-based Smart Cone System for Work Zone Traffic Management Jia Guo

Department of Computer Science

Contents

!  Introduction

!  System Architecture

!  Data Collection

!  Traffic Simulation

!  Performance Evaluation

!  Conclusion and Discussion

Introduction

Problem Statement

!  The upstream highway segments of the construction work zone is congested due to driver’s delayed action of lane merge and speed slowdown.

Objective

!  Present an overall architecture of the smart cone system that can give drives proper suggestions of lane merge and driving speed at the upstream highway segments of the construction zone.

!  Evaluate the performance of the proposed smart cone system using traffic simulation.

System Architecture

Micro Controller !  Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

!  Specifications !  Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU

!  1GB RAM

!  BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board

!  40-pin extended GPIO

!  4 USB 2 ports

!  Micro SD port for loading your operating system and storing data

!  Upgraded switched Micro USB power source up to 2.5A

GPS Module

!  USB GPS/GLONASS External GPS Module

!  Specification !  Receive Channel: 56CH

!  Operating temperature: - 4 0 ℃ t o + 8 5 ℃

!  Positioning performance !  <2.5m [Autonomous] [50%]

!  <2 m [SBAS]

!  Rate: <0.1m / s

!  Direction: <0.5 Degrees

!  Timing accuracy: 30ns

!  Reference coordinate system: WGS-84

!  The maximum height of altitude: 50,000 m

!  Maximum speed: 500 m / s

Network Module

!  USB LTE Dongle

!  Specification !  Chip: Qualcomm 9200

!  Network type: FDD - LTE, WCDMA / DC - HSPA +

!  Frequency range: FDD: B1 / B3; WCDMA: 2100MHz

!  Speed rate: FDD - LTE: UL 50M / DL 100Mbps; DC - HSPA +: UL 5.76M / DL 42Mbps

!  Support OS: 32 / 64 bit: Win 2000 / 2003 / XP / Vista / 7 / 10, Mac OS 10.4 or later, Linux

!  4G / 3G antenna gain: -1.5dBi

!  Input voltage: 5V / 1A

!  Power consumption: less than 2W

Data Collection

Method

!  Python script

!  RESTful API provided by HERE Map Developer Portal

Interested I-94 Segments

!  Dataset A

!  Range: From Paw Paw to 9th St

!  From: 5/12/2017, 8:00 AM

!  To: 7/28/2017, 2:00 PM

!  When: Daily

!  Location: WB I-94 from MM 64 to MM 61

!  Description: Expect intermittent single-lane closures for bridge work.

!  CORRIDOR PARAMETER: 42.205979,-85.899444; 42.223148,-85.779907;5’

!  PC_START = 4955

!  PC_END = 4957

! Dataset B ◦  Range: From I-94 Exit 23 to Exit 16 ◦  From: 5/31/2017, 7:00 AM ◦  To: 9/22/2017, 7:00 PM ◦  When: Continuously ◦  Location: WB I-94 from Stevensville (Exit 23) to Bridgman

(Exit 16) ◦  Description: Expect a single-lane closure for median

work. ◦  CORRIDOR PARAMETER: 42.032689,-86.511659;

41.880454,-86.601630;5’ ◦  PC_START = 4970 ◦  PC_END = 4971

Data Summary

!  Dataset A !  From PC4952 (Exit 75) to PC4957 (Exit 56)

!  Total Road Length: 20.68 miles

!  Collection Interval: 1 min

!  Collection Duration: 06/27/2017 – 07/27/2017

!  Valid Data: 34154

!  Dataset B !  From PC4964 (Exit 30) to PC4971 (Exit 12)

!  Total Road Length: 19.71 miles

!  Collection Interval: 1 min

!  Collection Duration: 06/27/2017 – 07/27/2017

!  Valid Data: 34152

Features of the Traffic Flow Response

Sample Data

Traffic Simulation

SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility)

!  Open source microscopic road traffic simulation package

!  Designed to handle large road network

!  Provide TraCI (Traffic Control Interface) for ”online” traffic control and value retrieval

OMNeT++ (Objective Modular Network Tested in C++) !  Extensible, modular,

component-based C++ simulation library and framework

!  Used for building network simulators, such as wired and wireless communication networks, on-chip networks, etc.

!  Eclipse-based IDE that runs on different operating systems

Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation)

!  Open source framework for running vehicular network simulations based on OMNeT++ and SUMO.

!  Provide bidirectionally coupled network and road traffic simulation.

Simulation Environment

Smart Cone System Logic

Simulation Scenario

Performance Evaluation

VISSIM Result

Veins Result - Traffic

Veins Result – DSRC/WAVE

0.721910112

0.670103093

0.637010676

0.675572519

0.74251497

0.58

0.6

0.62

0.64

0.66

0.68

0.7

0.72

0.74

0.76

MPR100 MPR80 MPR60 MPR40 MPR20

PacketDeliveryRatio

56.6697691 59.50891744 69.91437841

82.78605827 91.32064337

96.7499449

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

MPR 100 MPR 80 MPR 60 MPR 40 MPR 20 MPR 0-omnet

Average Delay

Conclusion and Discussion

Conclusion

!  Overall, the simulation results indicate that this system can help to resolve queues caused by work zones. In addition, this system can enhance traffic safety by inducing stable traffic conditions. However, to secure operational efficiency and traffic safety, the system may require more than a certain level of market penetration or need to developed better operational algorithms to overcome this weakness.

Future Work

!  The traffic simulation in the study is performed under different market penetration rate (MPR). But other simulation parameters may also have impact on the different simulation parameters, such as length of segment, traffic volume, number of lanes, etc., on the performance of the performed smart cone system.

!  The network simulation in the study is based on 802.11p (DSRC/WAVE). Future work can set up the same simulation under cellular network, such as 5G LTE.

Thank you!