DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION

SCHEMES TO REDUCE DEVELOPMENT

FOOTPRINT IN BUILDINGS

Asha S. V.(B070605CE)

Nikhil Menon (B060496CE)

Project Guide: Dr.Arun C

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to our project guide Dr. Arun C for his

valuable guidance rendered for the project work. This coupled with his

whole hearted cooperation and encouragement has made this work an

interesting and rare educational experience for us.

We are extremely happy to mention a great word of gratitude to Dr

Chandrakaran, Head of the Department, for providing us with all facilities

and infrastructure for the completion of this work.

We would also like to extend our gratefulness to all the staff members of the

Civil Engineering department and Department of Architecture, NITC. We also

thank our friends and well wishers who greatly helped us in our endeavour.

Objective:

Minimize Development Footprint – Green

Construction schemes.

Scope:

Reduced footprint -> 4/8 credits for GREEN

Rating acquired.

METHODOLOGY

Data Collection Rating systems Site Selection

Site Specifications

Layout Plan for buildings

Construction Project Site

Planning

Development of Optimization

Tool

GREEN STATISTICS

GREEN BUILDINGS

Structures constructed, operated and demolished in a healthy

and resource efficient manner.

Green building practices –

reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts ,

improve existing unsustainable design,

construction and operational practices.

GREEN BUILDINGS

More immediate benefits-

Reduced operating cost

Enhanced building marketability

Increased worker productivity

Reduced potential liability resulting from indoor air quality

problems.

GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

Green Building Rating System-Internationally accepted.

Setup -1998 by the United States Green Building Association.

LEED-India-nationally recognized rating system used by IGBC

(Indian Green Building Council)

LEED CERTIFICATION

LEED-INDIA – evaluates performance in the following key areas:

Sustainable site development

Water savings

Energy efficiency

Materials selection

Indoor environmental quality

Sustainable Design

RATING SYSTEM

Based on Points and Pre-requisites in each category.

69 points, 7 prerequisites in 6 categories.

Categories:

Sustainable Sites

Materials and Resources

Water Efficiency

Energy and Atmosphere

Innovation and Design

Indoor Environmental Quality

LEED CERTIFICATION LEVELS

Points are earned when all the pre-requisites are met with.

Certification level Points earned

Certified 26-32

Silver 33-38

Gold 39-51

Platinum 52-69

GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA

The green footprint in India - increased from 20,000 sq.ft in 2003 to 10million sq.ft in 2008.

Year Projected Certified

Green Buildings

(No.s per year)

Estimated Market

Potential in Million

US$

2006 20 80

2007 50 200

2008 150 500

2012 1000 4000

CII GODREJ CONVENTION CENTRE,HYDERABAD

GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA

Indian construction sector - growing at a rate of 9.2% . World

average - 5.5% - BOOM….

This growth encourages other manufacturing industries such as

cement, iron, chemicals etc.

The Green Building movement in India started with the

„Platinum Rating‟ obtained by the Green Business Centre

building in Hyderabad in 2003

REDUCING SITE DISTURBANCE

“To conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged

areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity.”

REDUCING SITE DISTURBANCE

Two parts:

“Protecting or restoring habitat by limiting site disturbance including earthwork and clearing of vegetation, or replacing impervious surfaces with native or adapted vegetation.”

“Reducing the development footprint of the building.”

DEVELOPMENT FOOTPRINT

Development footprint - sum of building footprint,

access roads and parking.

Increase in development footprint results in:

Decrease in water quality

Decrease in vegetative cover

Increase in runoff borne pollutants

Groundwater depletion

Increased erosion and flooding in downstream areas

REDUCTION IN DEVELOPMENT FOOTPRINT

LEED – “the development footprint is to be reduced such that

the open space requirement given by the local zoning laws is

exceeded by 25%. ”

“For areas with no local zoning requirements designate open

space area adjacent to the

building that is equal to the building footprint.”

DECREASING DEVELOPMENT FOOTPRINT

Strategies:

Stacking the building program

Tuck under parking

Sharing facilities with neighbours

IDENTIFICATION OF SITE FOR THE PROJECT

An IT Park under construction in Mangalore, Karnataka.

Site Details:

Terrain - sloping. Slope varying from 20˚to 40˚.

Vegetation - naturally available shrubs.

Annual rainfall-4242.5mm.

Total Area – 68675.615 m2

Total Access Roads Area – 14262.295 m2

IDENTIFICATION OF SITE FOR THE PROJECT

Site Specifications:

9 Buildings – A to I.

E – optional, not considered for reduction of construction area.

15m main roads

8m subsidiary roads

Extensive road network around the site.

IDENTIFICATION OF SITE FOR THE PROJECT

IDENTIFICATION OF SITE FOR THE PROJECT

Areas:

Total plot area = 68,716m2

Total building footprint = 28,636m2

Total road area = 14,262m2

Parking = 7325m2

Development footprint = 50,223m2 (Tbf+Tra+P)

INDIVIDUAL BUILDING FOOTPRINTS

Building Plots Area (in m2) Area around the

building that is unused

(in m2)

Open space around the

building required

according to LEED India-

NC 2007

Block A 4919.833 879.413 3627.92

Block B 4046.797 1103.227 2781.07

Block C 4399.256 1143.186 2397.40

Block D 4918.256 877.836 3627.92

Block E 3000.000 - -

Block F 5145.076 1042.156 3627.92

Block G 8512.353 1708.776 2397.40

Block H 4296.176 1721.276 2397.40

Block I 5032.938 1458.228 3149.71

CURRENT PARKING DATA

Block Area (m2)

A 412.5

B 162.5

C 475

D 412.5

F 475

G 150

H 137.5

I 425

East 1825

West 3350

Total 7825

STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE PARKING

Parking of vehicles in the building basement (underground

parking)

Promoting alternative transportation (such as low emission

vehicles, car and van pooling)

Reducing the parking space – required parking space for given

occupancy only 2500 m2 acc. to NBC 2005, whereas 7325 m2

provided

UNDERGROUND PARKING

Parking in the basement of each building

separately

Decrease in footprint due to

parking

7325 m2

Footprint before due to

access roads

14262.295 m2

Footprint after

implementation due to

access roads

10783.579 m2

Reduction in development

footprint

21.5%

UNDERGROUND PARKING

Parking in the basements of buildings nearest to gate only

Decrease in footprint due to

parking

7325 m2

Footprint before due to

access roads

14262.295 m2

Footprint after

implementation due to

access roads

6441.092 m2

Reduction in development

footprint

30.2%

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION

This strategy consists of:

Promoting use of low-emission vehicles

• Alternative fuel vehicles – 3% occupants.

• Preferred Parking with battery chargers.

• Supply facilities – liquid/gaseous form – separate

ventilation facilities – Outdoor.

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION

Minimizing parking needs

• Adherence to Local Building Bylaws.

Promoting Carpools and Vanpools

• Few people combine to commute – single vehicle->reduce

footprint

• Preferred Parking.

LIGHT POLLUTION CONTROL

“all the site and building mounted luminaries do not produce a

maximum initial luminance value not greater than 0.01

horizontal and vertical foot-candles at the site boundary and

beyond.”

Strategy:

• Site Lighting criteria for safe light levels.

• Avoid night sky pollution & site sky lighting.

DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

Conceived by Dutch computer scientist Edsgar Dijkstra in

1959.

A graph search algorithm – solves single-source shortest path

problem.

Only for non-negative edge path costs

Used in routing.

ILLUSTRATION OF DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

Parameters:

• Distance -> Cost

• Future Use of Path

Factors:

• Main Roads – 0.6

• Subsidiary Roads – 0.8

• Other Roads - 1

DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

Objective:

• Shortest Path

Constraints:

• Site Disturbance

• Native Land undisturbed before const = undisturbed after

const.

• Entry and Exit Points

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

PATH OBTAINED FROM DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

Main Objective : Reduce development Footprint

Various methods devised – reduce development footprint.

Successful Completion – 4/8 credits for Sustainable Sites ->

GREEN Rating.

REFERENCES

Barnhart, Mitchell (2009). “Green building

Design and Energy Conservation Techniques :

An EPA Perspective”

” Srinivas, “Green Buildings in India – Lessons

Learnt

Castalia Homes (2009). ” Building Green

Materials, Products, Recycling and

Management.”

.

DOE, EPA, US Geological Survey, Worldwatch Institute,

“Chandler Green Building Program (2008).”

IGBC (2007). “LEED INDIA NC Version 1.0 (2007) - Sustainable

Sites, Credits 1-8”

BIS (2005). “National Building Code - SP 7 (2005) - Part 3,

Development Control Rules.”

Central Indiana Housing Society and Green Building Overview

THANK YOU