development of middle level learners. agenda physical development intellectual development ...
TRANSCRIPT
Development of Middle Level Learners
Agenda
Physical Development Intellectual Development Emotional Development Social Development Identifying Similarities and
Differences Strategies
Young adolescents may…
be fiercely independent, yet yearn for meaningful relationships with adults.
reveal emotional vulnerability, yet be fiercely self-protective.
be capable of complex, analytic thinking, yet be disorganized to the point of forgetfulness.
be compassionate and altruistic in the desire to make the world a better place, yet capable of striking out cruelly at an unpopular classmate.
be able to understand and accommodate the needs of others, yet display a high level of self-centeredness.
San Antonio, 2006
Physical Development Issues
#1 Middle level students need information. #2 Physical changes affect behavior. #3 Rapid growth requires increased and balanced
nutrition. #4 Young adolescents should not be stereotyped
according to physical characteristics. #5 Many girls will experience the first sign of a menstrual
period during the school day. #6 Some middle level students feel a compulsion to
check themselves out visually on a regular basis. #7 Overactive glands may cause difficulties.
Intellectual Development Issues
#1 The attention span of young adolescents may not be as great as it was in late elementary school or will be in high school.
#2 Middle level students often have very vivid imaginations which can be linked to concepts as abstract thinking develops.
#3 A group of 25 seventh graders may represent a whole spectrum of developmental levels.
#4 Physical development and intellectual development happen concurrently.
#5 A major shift in the intellectual development of middle level students is their newly acquired ability to think about their own thinking, or to experience metacognition.
#6 Middle level students begin to understand what is meaningful and useful, with application to their lives.
Piaget’s Stages of Development
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to age 2) Trial and error, reflexes, Object Permanence
Preoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7) Egocentric, focus on states
Concrete Operations ( Ages 7 to 11) Decentered thought
Formal Operations (Ages 11 to Adult) Hypothetical situations, reasoning
Emotional Development Issues
#1 Because emotions may occur suddenly and without warning, self-regulation is very difficult.
#2 Because of emotional variability, young adolescents may be at high risk of making poor decisions.
#3 Some incidences and events trigger emotions to the point of disruption of the learning process.
Social Development Issues
#1 Young adolescents have a very strong need to be part of a social group.
#2 Some young adolescents are targets.
#3 Early adolescence is a prime time for shyness, given the self-consciousness of the age.
#4 Teachers’ social backgrounds may be different from their students’.
Four Effective Forms of Using Similarities and Differences Marzano's research indicates there are four
processes that identify how items, events, processes, or concepts are similar and different: Comparing Classifying Creating Metaphors Creating Analogies
Identifying Similarities and Differences
Comparing- identifying similarities and differences between or among things
Classifying- process of grouping based on characteristics
Creating metaphors- process of identifying a general pattern in a specific topic and then finding another, seemingly different topic, with the same general pattern
Creating analogies- identifying relationships between relationships
Round Robin
Of the four forms of identifying similarities and differences, which have you experienced most effectively as either a teacher or a student?
What made it so effective for you?
Marzano’s Recommendations for Classroom PracticeHow do you get it done?
Give students a model for the process
Give students graphic organizers
Guide students as needed
How To…Compare
The Venn Diagram-A fantastic tool for comparing using similarities and differences…
Learning Experience: Citrus
A Great Web Site
http://gets.gc.k12.va.us/VSTE/2008/1simdiff.htm This site gives examples of different programs
and websites that provides samples of graphic organizers for identifying similarities and differences.
It shows how graphic organizers look in different programs and how to download options for classroom use.
http://www.tantasqua.org/superintendent/Profdevelopment/etfrayermodel.html
The websites listed below all give examples of using the Frayer Model for comparing
Classifying: Semantic Feature AnalysisSample: Bonds
Bonds Issued by corporations
Fixed Interest Rate
U.S. Treasury
Local Taxing Authority
More likely to default
Equal to a number of shares of stock
Bearer Bond X XConvertible Bond X X Corporate Bond X X XGovernment
BondX X
Junk Bond X X XZero Coupon Bond X X X X
Creating Metaphors and Analogies
Metaphors and Analogies are complicated due to the “relationships between relationships.” having students identify these relationships is the focus of instruction
Creating metaphors is the process of identifying a general or basic pattern in a specific topic and then finding another topic that appears to be quite different but that has the same general pattern
Creating analogies is the process of identifying relationships between pairs of concepts - in other words, identifying relationships between relationships.
Analogy Graphic Organizer
is to
Relationship:
is toas
Remember this…
If the purpose is to master facts: Format follows teacher directed activity
If the purpose is to develop divergent thinking Format follows student directed activity
Identifying similarities and differences should promote ACTIVE thinking by the students