development of wind power in austria importance of regional initiatives and financing models
DESCRIPTION
Development of Wind Power in Austria Importance of Regional Initiatives and Financing Models Stefan Hantsch Dr. Ursula Nährer. www.igwindkraft.at. IG Windkraft –Austrian Wind Energy Association. founded in 1993 1500 members all important manufacturers and operators boardmember of - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
www.igwindkraft.at
Development of Wind Power in AustriaImportance of Regional Initiatives and Financing Models
Stefan HantschDr. Ursula Nährer
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
IG Windkraft –Austrian Wind Energy Association
founded in 1993 1500 members all important manufacturers
and operators boardmember of
EWEA and EREF
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
Windpower in Europe
Quelle: EWEA
End of 2005: 40,500 MW installed 83 billion kWh annual rate of growth
since 1995: 32%
www.igwindkraft.at
new capacity in Europe: Wind is N°2 since 2000
Quelle: EWEA
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Windpower
Coal
Fuel oilLarge Hydro
www.igwindkraft.at
Casestudy Austria
Experts Opinion:No chance for Wind in Austria
small landlocked country 8 Mio. inhabitants
84.000 km² (1% of Brazil)
Experts until the 1990s:“There is no wind in Austria”
Three institutions measured
wind for more than 100 years
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
Wind Power in Austria
Today:
1.000 MW Wind
N°15 in the world
There is wind!
How could this happen?
www.igwindkraft.at
Background
High level of consciousness regarding energy
Tradition of producing and using own energy (wood for heating in rural areas)
Important events: energy crises in 70th and 80th referendum 1978 rejected an
already built nuclear power plant
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
Solar-Waterheating Do-It-Yourself Initiatives
1985 two men constructed very simple collectors that worked
Do-It-Yourself groups spread over large parts of the country
Today number 3 in the World
m²/capita Solar industry has 40% market share in Europe
The process enforced other initiatives
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
Regional Wind Power Initiatives
Such a group constructed their own wind measurement equipment and found sites as windy as at the coast
(Remember the experts)
Promoted the idea of searching windy sites with simple wind measuring systems
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
Participation of local Population
New Players Problem: lack of equity capital
Solution: Idea of broad (financial) involvement of local population
Local population becomes co-owner of power plants
www.igwindkraft.at
Typical Procedure – Example „Windkraft Simonsfeld“
An electrician of a very small town was interested in wind power (1995).
Successful measurements: these people set up a limited company
To raise equity capital set up a corpnership -> Limited Partnership
Limited Partnership
CorpnershipPrivate limited
Company
In 1998 first 2 turbines Investment volume of 1.6 mio.$Equity capital:150,000 $ from 123 people
he convinced opinion leaders information evening events
Today: 850 People 85 MWEquity capital of 21 mio. $ raised,total investment of 110 mio. $
Together with 20 friends he raised 9,000 $ for wind measurement
www.igwindkraft.at
Around 40% of installed wind power are made by participation projects(30% other private investors; 30% utilities)
Investment volume of 650 mio.$,equity capital sum of 125 mio. $
Chance for small companies to keep the pace with utilities or other big investors
Economic Impact
www.igwindkraft.at
Of utmost importance were efforts of private individuals or small groups
These were the driving forces in the process
Conclusions
Denmark:Early 20th centuryElectrification started with 300decentralized Wind-Diesel-systems
Austria:In the 1980th
Solar Heating
AustriaIn the 1990th
Windpower
Denmark:In the 1970th
Modern wind industry started in the workshop of a carpenter
www.igwindkraft.at
Most successful approaches were practical and sort of grassroots-developments.
A fecund soil and a local technical capacity for new ideas existed
The involvement of the local population was positive for a good acceptance of the new technologies.
Conclusions
Don’t trust experts too much!
www.igwindkraft.at
Find or create structures that are of use for motivated people, support and encourage them.
To fight poverty it will not be enough to let the field only to big investors, but to give the population a share of their energy supply.
Financial involvement of the local population was successful in Austria, but there people have money
In regions with poorer population it might be an idea to get a pre-financing and the created new companies earn (a part of) the money back.
Sociological Considerations
www.igwindkraft.at
European experience shows: feed-in tariffs are more effective and efficient
What is important for (independent) investors:Long term investment security
Feed in Tariffs (fixed price for the produced electricity)Purchase obligationGuaranteed and regulated grid access
Necessary because of the unbalanced situation of grid operators and independent power producers
Legal Considerations
www.igwindkraft.at
Information starts not at University Level
www.igwindkraft.at
“Wild Wind” : pupils-project: more than 10,000 pupils visited each year
www.igwindkraft.atwww.igwindkraft.at
Thank you againfor the possibility to visit your wonderful continent!
More information:www.igwindkraft.atwww.windpower.orgwww.ewea.org
www.igwindkraft.at
Why does the EU support Renewable Energy Sources (RES)?
dependency - price risk – costs - CO2
www.igwindkraft.at
->EU Renewable Energy Sources Directive 2002increase the share of electricity from RES
from 13 to 20% until 2010
www.igwindkraft.at
Tendering SystemsGreen certificates
Feed in Tariffs (REFIT) The producer of green electricity gets a fixed
price for the produced electricity for a period of several years (10-20 years)
Purchase obligation: the power is purchased by grid operators or any other institution and then proportionately distributed to power distributors
Guaranteed and regulated grid-access -> Level playing field
Types of support mechanisms
www.igwindkraft.at
Prices paid for Wind in Europe
EU Komm Report 2005 S.45
www.igwindkraft.at
www.igwindkraft.at
Windpower in Europe
Quelle: EWEA
Total End 2005: 40,500 MW
www.igwindkraft.at
European experience shows: feed-in tariffs have proven to be more effective and efficient:
What is important for investors:Long term investment security
Feed in TariffsPurchase obligationGuaranteed Regulated grid access
(necessary because of the unbalanced situation)
A stable framework provides lower risk and therefore allows cheaper production costs
Conclusion support mechanisms
www.igwindkraft.at
(Independend) Operators of RES need security:
Feed in Tariffs Purchase obligation Guaranteed and regulated grid access
Legal Considerations