development plan for kenchugara koppalu

7/28/2019 Development Plan for Kenchugara Koppalu

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CONTENTSCHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. ...... 6

CHAPTER II: VILLAGE PROFILE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS............................................9

2.8 Cropping pattern................................................................................... .......... 20

2.9 Food Requirements............................................................................. ............ 21

CHAPTER III: HUMAN RESOURCES.............................................................................24

Age Sex Pyramid........................................................................................ ........ 29

Sex Ratio............................................................................................................ 31

Literacy Rate.................................................................................................. .... 32

Occupation Pattern............................................................................................. 33

Table: Occupation pattern ................................................................................. 35

Chart: Occupation Pattern.................................................................................. 35

Workforce participation...................................................................................... 36

Table: Workforce Participation ............................................................. ............. 36

Table: Main workers ................................................................................... ....... 36

Workers and Non-Workers..................................................................................37

Social Composition............................................................................................. 39

CHAPTER IV: HOUSING ........................................................................................... 42

4.1 Housing Stock.................................................................................................. 42

4.2 Structural conditions............................................................................. .......... 43

Pucca House Semi Pucca House............................... .44

Kutcha House................................................................................................ ........ 44

Single House Row House................. ...........45

Twin Houses Courtyard House.........................................................................45

4.3 Proposals........................................................................................................ . 48

CHAPTER-V: PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE.................................................................49

Analysis:............................................................................................................. 50


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Sources of Supply...............................................................................................51

Distribution Network and Tariff Details...................................................... ........52

Water Demand................................................................................................ ... 53

Sewerage system in the village:.........................................................................55

Observation existing sewerage system:.............................................................55

Table: Toilet facilities in the village.................................................................... 55

Fuel Energy and Other Rural Energies:..............................................................58

CHAPTER VI: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE...................................................................59

6.1 Education Facilities:.........................................................................................59

A. Mid Day Meal Scheme:...................................................................................... 60B. National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL):...........60

Higher Primary School:....................................................................................... 61

6.2. Health Facilities:............................................................................................. 63

Health Indicators:............................................................................................... 63

Types of Diseases:....................................................................... .............. ........ 64

Immunization details:........................................................................................ 64

Primary Health Centre:....................................................................................... 65

Infrastructure facilities at Primary Health Centre:.............................................. 65

Health Schemes: ................................................................................... ............ 66

Janani Suraksha Yojana:..................................................................................... 66

Prasuti Araike Yojana:............................................................................................66

Bhagya Lakshmi scheme:......................................................................................66

Accessibility of services with distance:...............................................................66

Health Analysis:..................................................................................................67

Comparison of Man power at Primary Health Centre:............................................68

CHAPTER VII: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION .................................................... .71


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Employment Programs...................................................................................... .77

CHAPTER VIII: LAND USE IN THE VILLAGE.................................................................81

8.1 Existing Land use Analysis: ...................................................................... ...81

Distribution of Land uses:...................................................................................82

Composition of Land Use.................................................................................... 82

Interrelationship of Land uses With Village Activities....................................... ..83

Interrelationship of Land uses With Infrastructure.................................... .........83

Interrelationship of Land uses with Topography:................................................83

Land Suitability Analysis:....................................................................................83

9.2 Vision ...................................................................................... .............. ...... 84Residential.......................................................................................... .............. . 84

Commercial:.......................................................................................................84

Public & Semipublic:...........................................................................................84

Transportation & Communication:............................................................ ......... 84

9.3 Proposed land use:.......................................................................................... 84

Residential land use: ....................................................................................... ..85

Commercial land use :........................................................................................ 85

Public & Semipublic land use :...........................................................................85

Transportation & Communication land use:................................................ .......86

Land use for Park & Open Space........................................................................ 86

9.4 Consolidated Vision and Proposals ..............................................................86

Vision:.................................................................................................................... 86

Proposals:........................................................................................................... 86

Residential: ................................................................................... .............. ...... 86

Commercial:.......................................................................................................86

Public & Semi-public:.......................................................................................... 86


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Transportation & communication:......................................................................87

Park & Open Space:............................................................................................87

Strategies:............................................................................................................ 87

Policies:............................................................................................................... .. 87

CHAPTER IX: GAP ANALYSIS, VISION, STRATEGIES, PROPOSALS AND POLICYRECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... ........ 88


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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION1.1 IntroductionIndian villages are often described as 'cultural artefacts' or repositories of culture. Village defined as parcel of ground with definite boundaries forrevenue purpose. Indian Census provides definition of the term villagemeans an adam. A unit having a parcel of land, the boundaries of which aredefined, cluster of houses or more than one such cluster bearing a distinctiveplace name. Settlement is a generic term, it is derived from settle meaningto establish. Human settlement is defined as a place of human inhabitedmore or less permanently. Human Settlement means cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live. Gandhijis themes for ruraldevelopment are Village perishes India will perish too and One in all and allin one wisely proclaimed the greater truth all the property is a trust and

Gram Swarajya a village centered society.

In 1995, a concept was developed to make a model village in each provinceof India. As we all know, villagers make up 75-80% of the total population of India. In the last 60 years, they have contributed enormously to India'seconomy, yet they are the most neglected people in not having the basicneeds of life, let alone in other areas of development. This has led tomigration from rural areas to urban areas and an increase in urban slums. Asper 2011 provisions Census of India data reveals that about 68.84% peopleliving in rural areas and the proportion of rural population declined from72.19% to 68.84% from 2001 to 2011 1 . All areas which are not categorizedas urban area are considered as Rural Area. As per 2001 census, the numberof Rural Units (or Villages) in India is 6, 38,588 and Provisional Census of India, 2011 data reveals that 6, 40,867.Planning Commission of India had made mandatory to preparation of villagedevelopment plan as an integral part of Eleventh Five Year Plan document.

1.2 Need for study The purpose of this village development plan is simply to provide the most

basic daily needs to the villagers. The 73rd constitutional amendmentenjoins that the Gram Panchayat will have to perform basically two functions:

(a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;

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(b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to thematters enlisted 29 functions in the eleventh schedule of the Indianconstitution.

Planning Commission of India made preparation of village plans asmandatory. It is imperative therefore to have a village development plan notonly because it is mandatory in the act, but also to reflect people's felt needsand perceptions.

The Development Plan for Kanchgharkoppal village aims to strengthen therural infrastructure to create rural assets, promote community cooperationand engagement by implementing a shared direction for the future, based onprioritized and practical solutions for identified issues within the ruralcommunities.

1.3 Objectives To prepare the existing land use and understanding structure and its

characteristics of village

To study the physical, social and economic infrastructure in the village

To assess and identify the existing problems and development gaps forinfrastructure provisions in the village

To propose planning solutions and policy recommendations for over alldevelopment of the village


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1.4 Flow Chart


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CHAPTER II: VILLAGE PROFILE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

2.1 Historical BackgroundHistorically, the people are inhabited in that village were basically

blacksmith. Brass means Kanchu in Kannada so this village was namedafter as Kanchugara Koppalu village. It is situated within theChunchanakatte Hobali and the village does not have any significanthistorical events associated with its existence. It is basically a small villagewhich began its formation due to its high fertile lands with the Kaveri canalpassing through the village which was built in 1932 and thus thedevelopment of its growth with a total population of around 1125 as per2011 census. It has no much significance in historical or cultural importance.

2.2 Longitude and Latitude The Village is bounded by 1227'10"to 1228'10 North latitude, 7618'14"Eto 7619'14"E longitude. It is located within the K.R. Nagar Taluk in Mysoredistrict. The Kanchugarakoppalu village is comes under administrative wingof Kestur Gram Panchayat. Kanchugarakoppalu is one of the three basicvillages which come under the administrative control of KesthuruKoppaluGram panchayat. The area of the village is 124.08 Hectares. The village fallsin the Survey of India topo sheet Nos. 57D /7.

Topography

The topography of the village is almost plain. The Mean Sea Level (MSL) of the village is 820m. The village is situated in the direction of North to South,abutting Cauvery canal. The village is dotted with a small hillocks rangingfrom 800- 820 m. The average height of this region is 800 and least is 780MSL towards the north part of the village. The general elevation in the villageranges from 780-820 m.

Rainfall The annual rain fall variation from past 7 years has shown in the Table 1 andChart 1. The maximum rainfall is 1035.7 mm during 2005 and minimumrainfall is 698.5 mm during the year 2006 . The temperature ranges from110 C to 380 C. Thus the climate of Mysore district is temperate withmoderate variations in temperature according to different seasons.Geomorphologically, the village is classified as denundation uplandswith about 85 to 90% of the Taluk falling in this category. The nextimportant geomarphological unit is older flood plains mainly in the Sirramapura parts of K R Nagara taluk.


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Table: Annual and Monthly Rainfall Details

Source:

Chart: Annual rainfall (in mm)

2.3 Climate and humidity The climatic conditions of the district are favorable to the crops like Paddy, Jawar, Ragi, Pulses, Sugarcane and Tobacco. The district can be divided intotwo agro-climatic zones. Southern dry zone comprising of 4 taluks namely,Nanjangud, T.Narasipur, Mysore and K.R.Nagar and southern transition zone

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annualtotal200

4 0 0 8.5 90.3195.

948.6

100.3 46.5 94

119.7 34.5 0 743.6

2005

11.7 4.1 1.8 76.6 91.9

106

141.7

111.2

107.8

285.3 93.3 8.7 1035.7

2006 0 0

49.4 69

136.6

102 61.9 57.8 67.2 76.7 68 0 698.5

2007 0 0.2 0.5 15.8 84

118

115.7

155.5 92.6

161.5 56

23.9 823.7

2008 0 9.7

142 35.2

103.6

69.8

106.5

108.3 50.5

137.2 9.5 0.3 773

2009 0 0 40 32.3 94.9

30.9

171.2

137.3

154.6 66.4 86.6 9.4 823.6

2010 0 0.1 3.2

145.2 11.7

93.7 98.9

120.4 72.5

145.9

220.9 4.4 923.9


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consisting of H.D.Kote, Hunsur, & Periyapatna. Soil is red sandy loamy inmost of the areas of the district. The temperature ranges from 110 C to 380C. Thus the climate of Mysore district is temperate with moderate variationsin temperature according to different seasons.Geomorphologically, the village is classified as denudation uplands withabout 85 to 90% of the Taluk falling in this category. The nextimportant geomarphological unit is older flood plains mainly in the Sirramapura parts of K R Nagara taluk.

Wind direction The wind direction is from South-West to North-East in monsoon season from June to August. And reverse direction from North-East to South-West duringretreating- monsoon starting from August till December. Wind speed rangesfrom 14.1 kmph in July to 7.9kmph in October.

2.4 Linkages and Accessibility The nearest railway station is in K.R. Nagar which is 10km from the village. The State highway (SH-53) passes through K.R. Nagar. It has accessibility toneighbouring villages viz. Hosa Koppulu, Kestur Koppulu, Malali andSiddapura via mud roads passing through them. It has directly connected toHunsur which is nearby, through metallic and non-metallic road.

Settlement PatternIt is a rural habitat. In this district, the majority of population living in ruralareas. The rural settlements are characterized by compact villages in thewestern part of the state, groupings of hamlets in the eastern part, and acombination of the two in the central part. A traditional village in Mysoredistrict is a cluster of mud huts with roofs made of thatch (such as straw) orclay tiles and few amenities of modern living. Villages near the Town,however, are likely to have cement-plastered homes, paved roads, andelectricity.

Map: Settlement pattern


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Map: Sphere of influence

2.5 Natural resources The natural resources of a region include the air, water, land, biodiversityand Ecosystems, etc. In this our study area also has small amount resources.

The water resource (i.e. the Cauvery canal, the water tank) and the fertilesoil. The underground water source is also ample.

Mineral There are no traces of mineral resources in the village.

VegetationIn this study area there are no forest in revenue records and site analysis.

The vegetation consists of Coconut plantation and Eucalyptus trees and fewshrubs like cactus etc.

Soil The soil type of Village is grouped into three types viz., the Shallow Redsoil, Deep Red clay soils and deep black soils. Almost entire district iscovered by red sandy soil except small parts of Taluk. The soils are havinghigh permeability and neutral with a pH of 7. The thickness of the soil variesfrom less than a meter to 6 m.


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North-west part of Taluk comprises of red loamy soil. It is characterized byclayey content mixed with sand. It is less permeable compared to sandysoil. It is having good moisture holding capacity and is fertile. The thicknessvaries from less than a meter to 16 m. Deep Black soils occur in south-western part of taluk in a small area. These soils are dark brown, darkgreyish brown to very dark grey or black in colour. The texture is usuallyclayey throughout the profile. These soils are fertile and generally producegood yields. Adequate soil and water management practices and drainagefacilities are essential to obtain sustainable yields; otherwise salinityand water logging conditions may develop. These soils need to be drainedonce in 3-5 years with good quality water.

Water: The water resources mainly a man-made canal called Kaveri canal / CauveryReservoir canal, its first irrigation water source of the village. The canal iswell connected to the villages. The Canal is the main water providing channeldrawn from the back water of the Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) Dam. The canalis perennial. The construction of the reservoir has been beneficial for theproduction of sugarcane, rice and other crops scattered over hundred acresof land. The existing canal acts as the natural barrier for the growth of thesettlement.

Tank

The small water tank is located within the village. The tank drains acatchment area of more than 400 meters. On the north side, a temporarybund hold the pond water, sometime itself over flow. And on the south side,another temporary bund holds back the direct flow of small stream waterinto the pond.It is a seasonal water body. The tank is also used to be a source of watersupply to the village but blockage of water flow sources almost led to theeutrophication of the pond.

Sources of water supplyGround water (aquifer), lake and canal are the main source of water for thevillage. Overhead tank is about 11 km from the village and daily supply isestimated at 2.1 MLD. The village also draws water from bore wells, thewater is distributed across the village through about 107 Tap connections,hand pumps and bore wells which supply around 2 MLD of water to the


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population. Water is also drawn from canal which is located near to thevillage and is used for Cloth washing, cattle washing and irrigation purpose.

Sphere of Influences on Neighboring VillagesKesthurkoppalu at a distance of 1.65KM :

Health: Since only 1 ANM is available in the village. Thevillagers going to kesturkoppulu for 1PHC and for vertenerypurposes also.

Education : For high school.

Administrative Purpose : The gram panchayat office is atKestur Koppollu.

Malali at a distance of 1.85KM from the village: Health : To Malali for 1PHC.

K.R. Nagara at a distance of 30 km-depends for:

Health and Recreation.

Education

Employment

Transportation facilities.

Map: Influence zone


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2.6 Land Utilization

Land utilization in brief is simply the distribution of land among its importantuses like cultivation forestry, grazing settlement etc. Based on 9 foldclassification, Land utilization in rural area is as follows.Table: Land Utilization

Land Utilization Area in Hectares %Forest 0 0.00Area in non agriculture use 18.63 15.14Barren & uncultivable land 3.37 2.74Permanent pastures 2.56 2.08Land under miscellaneous 0.75 0.61Cultivable waste land 10.25 8.33Fallow land other than current fallows 7.83 6.36Current follows 3.11 2.53Net area sown 76.58 62.22

Total Geographical area 123.08 100Area sown more than once 28.71 37.49

Source: Village Panchayat* Area shown more than once is excluded in the total geographical area

Chart: Land utilization


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Net area sown is 62.22%(76.58 Hec) of total geographical area 123.08Hectares. In that 28.71% of area is sowing more than once.

AgricultureIrrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used toassist in the growing of agricultural crops , maintenance of landscapes , andre-vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequaterainfall. Additionally, irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production,which include protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growing ingrain fields and helping in preventing soil consolidation . Incontrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land farming . Irrigation systems are also used for dust suppression , disposal of sewage , and in mining . Irrigation is often studied

together with drainage , which is the natural or artificial removal of surfaceand sub-surface water from a given area.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscapehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revegetationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidation_(soil)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryland_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_suppressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_suppressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_leachinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscapehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revegetationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidation_(soil)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryland_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_suppressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_suppressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_leachinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture


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Table: Irrigated areaArea under irrigated Area in hectares %

Irrigated 32.99 43.08Non-irrigated 43.59 56.92

Total net area 76.58 100Source: Village Panchayat

Chart: irrigated area

Total 43.08%(32.99 ha) is irrigated and 56.92%(43.59 ha) is non-Irrigated in76.58 ha. Therefore almost 50% of the agriculture land is depending on therain..

2.7 Land holdings: These data were tabulated according into 4 major size groups namely assmall (10acres).Table: Land holdings

Area in hectares %Small 14.9 8.18Marginal 68.7 37.71Medium 56.6 31.06Large 42 23.05

182.2 100Source: Primary Survey


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Chart: Land holdings

We can observe that there is 37.71% are Marginal Land holders is presentand so its difficult implement the new irrigation project as revenuegenerated is small.

Livestock details:In view of the importance of livestock sector to the national economy andconsidering the short span of re-productivity and life of domestic animal. The

main aim of using live stock details is:Development of requisite infrastructure in States/ Uts for improvinganimal productivity.Preservation and protection of livestock through provision of healthcare.Strengthening of central livestock farms (Cattle, Sheep and Poultry) fordevelopment of superior germplasm for distribution to states.Expansion of aquaculture in fresh, brackish water, welfare of fisherfolk,etc.

Table: Live stock detailsS.No Animals Number

1 Bullock 1152 Cow 2003 Chicken 1924 Goat 1325 Sheep 102


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Source: Primary Survey

Chart: Live stock details

2.8 Cropping patternDecember to march - Pulses & tomato

March / April to mid June - Cereals & pulses, yelluOctober to march - Paddy & ragi

July to August - Sugar cane

Throughout year - coconut, mango etc.Based on the cropping pattern discussed earlier and information given byagriculture office K.R Nagar fallowing crops are grown as follows inKanchugarakoppalu. Annual crop: Crops which are grown through the yearraised in artificial irrigation some example are:

Coconut Mango tobacco

Paddy yield about 25 to 30 quintals per acre using artificial fertilizer and cowdung as natural manure for enhance soil productivity and it require moreamount of water. Kharif crop: ragi normally grown after the harvesting of paddy in irrigated field. It yield about 18 to 20 quintals per acre of wellmaintained agriculture land using indo chemical and other fertiliser, requirerelatively less when compare to paddy. Coconut yield throughout the yearartificial fertilizer and cow dung as natural manure, it require moderate


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amount of water. In one acre it can yield up to 40 coconuts per month permature well maintained tree.Table: type of crops

Type of crops Area in hectares %paddy 69.53 58.50ragi 24.52 20.63sugar cane 3.35 2.82tobacco 6.07 5.11vegeTable 6.09 5.12silver oak 2.71 2.28pulses 6.58 5.54

Total 118.85 100.00Source: Primary Survey

Chart: Type of crops

2.9 Food RequirementsCalories required:

The number of calories the body consumes in a day is different for everyperson. You may notice on the nutritional labels of the foods you buy thatthe "percent daily values" are based on a 2,000 calorie diet -- 2,000 caloriesis a rough average of what people eat in a day. But your body might needmore or less than 2,000. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level allaffect your caloric needs. There are three main factors involved in calculatinghow many calories your body needs per day:

Basal metabolic rate Physical activity


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Thermic effect of foodBasal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy your body needs tofunction at rest. This accounts for about 60 to 70 percent of calories burnedin a day and includes the energy required to keep the heart beating, thelungs breathing, the eyelids blinking and the body temperature stabilized. Ingeneral, men have a higher BMR than women. The second factor in theequation, physical activity, consumes the next highest number of calories.Physical activity includes everything from making your bed in the morning to

jogging. Walking, lifting, bending and just generally moving around burnscalories, but the number of calories you burn in any given activity dependson your body weight.

The thermic effect of food is the final addition to the number of calories yourbody burns. This is the amount of energy your body uses to digest the foodyou eat -- it takes energy to break food down to its basic elements in order to

be used by the body. To calculate the number of calories you expend in thisprocess, multiply the total number of calories you eat in a day by 0.10, or 10percent.One of the most accurate methods of estimating your basal metabolic rate isthe Harris-Benedict formula: Adult male: 66 + (6.3 x body weight in lbs.) + (12.9 xheight in inches) - (6.8 x age in years) Adult female: 655 + (4.3 x weight inlbs.) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age in years)

Measuring Food and Counting Calories The guidelines of the Food Pyramid established in 2005 emphasize finding abalance between food consumption and physical activity while making smartchoices from every food group to get the most nutrition out of your calories.

The steps of the pyramid represent physical activity, and the food groups areillustrated as colors wedges which include grains (orange), vegeTables(green), fruits (red), dairy products (blue), meats and beans (purple), and oils(yellow)

2.10 Occupation pattern

There are three categories under occupational structure1 .primary sector- agriculture, fishing, logger come under this category.

These are primary because production is carried with the help of nature2. Secondary sector- all manufacturing industries come under this.3. Tertiary sector- it provides services to both primary and secondarysectors


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Table: Occupational pattern detailsS.No. Occupational Pattern Number

1 Primary activity 3012 Secondary activity 843 tertiary 31

Source: Statistical department Mysore

From the above most of people engaged in primary sector, Thereforeagriculture is the main Economic base of the village.

Chart: Occupational pattern details

Year Primary Secondary Tertiary1971 177 16 141981 173 26 181991 149 64 282001 253 72 342011 301 84 31

Total 1053 262 125

2.11 Conclusion:While Indian agriculture has shown resilience to many shocks that

penetrated into the world in the last decade, the farmers are successfullyproducing crops in spite of many hardships. However, all this will change inthe coming decades as growing population, further fragmentation, landconversion will lead to lower productivity, shortage of labour and dwindlingnatural resources.

These may put us back in the grip of a perennial food crisis. There is,therefore, a great responsibility on the farming community and thegovernment alike to realize this future shock and take proactive steps toavoid such crises. Consolidation is one such solution theme


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CHAPTER III: HUMAN RESOURCES

3.1 Introduction The study human resource is one of the important components forDevelopment Plan for village. This study covering the population growth, 0-6population, growth rate, sex ratio, age-sex pyramid, literacy level, density,occupation pattern especially workers and non-workers and workforceparticipation rate, social composition, migration and population projection forfuture development.

3.2 Human Resource details

Growth of populationPopulation of Kanchugarakoppalu village has undergone variation in thegrowth of population from during 1971 to 2011. The size of populationgrowth has increased in different census period viz. 1971 census it was 777total population, has increased to 782 in 1981, further increased to 813 in1991, 970 in 2001 and 1125 in the year 2011 based on primary householdsurvey data.

Table: Growth of population Year Population Male Female Population

variations innumber

1971 777 388 389 -1981 782 392 390 51991 813 416 397 312001 970 472 498 157


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2011* 1125 536 589 155Source: Census of India Village directory* Primary survey (Household survey)When compare with previous decades, changes in the population growth of the village is steadily increased during 1971-81 and 1991 - 2001 it hasincreased rapidly and 2001-11very meager changes. The reason is out-migration of the people for better education and employment opportunities.


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Chart: Growth of population

Source: Census of India Village directory* Primary survey (Household survey)

Male and Female population The composition of male and female population in Kanchugarakoppaluvillage shows that, the male population is more than the female populationthe 3 consecutive decades i.e., 1961-71, 1971-81, and 1981-91 with adifference of 1, 73 and 19 respectively. During the year 1991-2001, thefemale population exceeded the male population by 26 and followed thesame trend continued in 2001-11 where the difference increased to 53.Table: Male and Female population

Year Male Female

Variation(female to

male)Total

Population1971 388 389 -1 7771981 392 319 -73 7821991 416 397 -19 8132001 472 498 26 970

2011* 536 589 53 1125


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Chart: Male and Female population

Population of 0-6

The population of age group between 0-6 years is crucial for the provision of the infrastructural facilities like health facilities and nutrition provisions etc.

This also helps in provision of Anganwadis, Health workers (ANM) for thepopulation. When coming to the case of this village, the data reveals that thepopulation of 0-6 during the year in 1991, 122 in 2001 and 41 in 2011. Itindicates that the 0-6 population is declining as shown in following Table&Chart.Table: Population of 0-6

Year Total population male female

1991 92 43 492001 122 61 61

2011* 41 15 26* Primary Survey (Household survey)

Chart: Population of 0-6


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Growth Rate The growth rate trend of the population is necessary for helping to know theprojected population for future by taking the past and present growth rate,which helps to estimate the future requirement of resources which serve thegrowth in population.When coming to the case of this village, the population growth is followingthe positive trend from the past decades, the decadal growth rate of 1961-71is 0.064,1991-2001 with 11.931, but the consecutive decade did not followthe same growth line forward as it fixed near 11.6 for 2001-2011*.The mainreason behind the fall in growth rate of population is Migration (due toeducation/employment)Table: Population and Growth rate

Chart: Decadal Growth rate

Year Growth of Population

DecadalVariation

Decadal GrowthRate

1961-71 777 - -1971-81 782 5 0.641981-91 813 31 3.961991-01 970 157 19.312001-11 1125 155 15.98


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0.64

3.96

19.31

15.97

0

5

10

15

20

25

1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11

Out MigrationMigration (human) is the movement of people from one place in the world toanother for the purpose of taking up permanent or semi permanentresidence, usually across a political boundary. An example of "semi

permanent residence" would be the seasonal movements of migrant farmlaborers. People can either choose to move ("voluntary migration") or beforced to move ("involuntary migration").The migration in this villageoccurred due the main common reasons which are Employment andEducation.Table: Information of out migration

Reason NumberEducation 12Employment 32

Age Sex Pyramid

Age-sex pyramids (also known as population pyramids) are a special graphthat displays this information and allows us to compare between countriesand between time periods. These show the percentage (or sometimes theactual amount) of a population broken down by sex and age. Males areshown on the left hand side, while females on the right. Data is graphed in


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five-year age increments on the y-axis, and percentages of the totalpopulation on the x-axis. These show long-term trends in the birth and deathrates but also reflect shorter term baby-booms, wars, and epidemics.

The population of the middle-age group (20-45) is more when compared theage group of 0-19, which gives the information of the fertility rate and thepopulation of the teenage which shows the need of educational facilities,employment opportunities. And also the increase in the working populationshould be shown proper employment opportunities, and thus should beforecasted for future need also.Table: Age distribution by Sex, 2011

Age-group Male Female Total0-4 12 23 355-9 20 29 49

10-14 53 42 95

15-19 50 60 11020-24 40 60 10025-29 40 56 9630-34 39 51 9035-39 60 69 12940-44 54 34 8845-49 54 37 9150-54 21 32 5355-59 26 11 3760-64 20 28 4865-69 17 22 3970-74 14 17 3175-79 9 10 1980+ 7 8 15

Total 536 589 1125Source: Primary Survey (Household survey)

When coming to the composition of the population the female population isless in the age-groups of 10-14, 40-44, 45-49 and 55-59, else all theclassified age-groups have more population than the male population wherethe value changed from minimum of 1 and maximum of 20.

Chart: Age sex pyramid


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Sex Ratio

Sex ratio is the number of females for 1000 male population, when we gothrough the data we can observe that the sex ratio of female increased bydecades. The sex ratio in this village is 1055 in 2001 and 1099 in 2011*, Thisis a very good sign when compared with the even to the country level sex-ratio which is 940 females per 1000 males.


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Chart: Sex ratio

Gradual increase in population is observed in past two decade.

The sex-ratio is also increased.

But the sex-ratio (0-6) increased in the decade of 1991-2001 and fall inthe decade of 2001-2011.

Literacy Rate

Literacy rate of a place gives the number of educated people, which help thepeople in getting employment opportunities and knowledge in knowing thetechnologies developed in all the fields which help them in all ways, thisdirectly shows effect on the development of a place or a settlement.

Table: Literacy and Illiteracy

Year Literates Illiterates TotalMal

e% Fema

le% Mal

e% Fema

le% Mal

eFema

le

1971 86 22.16 88 22.62 NA NA NA NA 388 389

1981 184 46.94

85 21.80

NA NA NA NA 392 390

1991 265 62.35

146 37.63

160 37.65

242 62.37

425 388

2001 307 65.0 247 49.6 165 34.9 251 50.4 472 498

1003 995

954

1055

1099

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011


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4 0 6 02011* 398 77.8

8360 61.1

2113 22.1

2203 38.8

8511 589

* Primary Survey (Household survey)

There is an increasing trend in the literacy rate, which is a very good sign fordevelopment. The literacy rate of the village is predominantly very less inthe decades of 1971-81, 1981-91 when compared to the size of thepopulation. The literacy rate of the population is 67.38 where the figure of Karnataka literacy touched 75.60, by the year 2011.

Chart: Literacy

86

184

265307

398

88 85146

247

360

174

269

411

554

758

0100

200

300

400

500

600

700800

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

MALE

FEMALE

TOTAL

Occupation Pattern

The general categorization of occupation pattern of the people will beclassified in mainly into Main Occupation and Marginal Occupation. MainOccupation, Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of

the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged inany economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or moreduring the year. Marginal Occupation, Marginal workers were those whoworked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did notwork for a major part of the year, i.e., those who worked for less than 183days (or six months).


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The occupation pattern of the village is not following the same trend,although of the span of time. The occupational patterns keep on fluctuating.Expect in the year of 1991 and 2011*, all the years shows thediscouragement in the numbers of marginal workers. In the year 1991, thepeople participation in marginal occupation is almost equal to the half of thefigures of the main occupation.


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Table: Occupation pattern

Year Total Main

Workers

Male Female Marginal

Workers

Male Female

1971 219 216 199 17 3 3 0

1981 192 196 192 4 0 0 0

1991 480 264 239 25 216 0 216

2001 255 253 202 51 2 2 0

2011*

438 341 227 114 97 76 21

* Primary Survey (Household survey)

The people choosing main occupation are male population is more whencomparison brought with female participation. But in the year of 1991, thereare complete 216 marginal workers are female.

Chart: Occupation Pattern


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Workforce participation

The workforce participation of a settlement ought to be studied by theplanners to know the trends in knowing the workers strength and theirparticipation and their percentage with taking into consideration of the male

and female rate of participation into consideration. The projection of workforce for future should be provided with proper access of work which willbe increased in the time being.

The female work participation is relatively low when compared to theworking population of male workers, but the number of female participationis also increased, but there is lot of difference in trend of participation of workers when compared to the male participation.

Table: Workforce Participation

Year Workers Tot al Non-Workers Tot al TotalPopulationMale

% Female

% Male

% Female

% Male

female

1971 199 51.29

70 18 216 189 48.71

372 82 561388 389

1981 192 47.98

4 1.02 196 200 52.02

315 98.98

586392 319

1991 264 63.46

216 54.4 480 177 36.54

156 45.6 333416 397

2001 290 61.44 123 24.7 413 182 38.5 6 375 75.3 557 472 4982011*

454 84.70

175 29.71

629 115 15.3 381 70.29

496536 589

Table: Main workers

YearCultivato

rsAgri.

LaborsHousehold

WorkersOther than the

household workers

1971 177 130 3 01981 173 16 0 71991 149 82 6 262001 253 106 17 30

2011* 131 208 34 24* Primary Survey(Household survey)


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Chart: Occupation Pattern

Chart: Occupation Pattern in 2011

Workers and Non-Workers

Worker can be defined as person who participation in any economicallyproductive activity. Such participation was physical or mental in nature.Worker involves not only actual work but also effective supervision anddirection of work.

Non-workers were those who had not worked any time at all in the yearpreceding the date of enumeration. In the village context, The total numberof Workers increased by means of time although the number of Non-workerpopulation is not decreased. When comparison comes with the dependency


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ratio follows no unique trend although it increased in the years 1971 and1981.

Table: Information

Year Workers Total Non-Workers TotalMale Female Male Female1971 199 70 216 189 372 5611981 192 4 196 200 386 5861991 264 216 480 177 156 3332001 290 123 413 182 375 557

2011* 454 175 629 115 381 496* Primary Survey (Household survey)

The main occupation in the village is daily wages based on Agriculture,Cultivators, and Household workers and Other than household worker.

The other than household worker mean they are the people moving forthe employment from village.

A measure showing the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the ageof 60) to the total population (aged 15-64). It is also referred to as the "totaldependency ratio".Calculated by: Dependency ratio = {No. of Dependents /Population (15-59)}X100

Then dependency ratio is 78% in the village by the year 2011*. When thestatical data of previous decades considered there was huge dependencyratios prevailed in the years of 1971 and 1981 which are 259% and 299%respectively, and it was 69% in 1991 and 134% in the year 2001.

Chart: Dependency Ratio


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69

134

78

1991 2001 2011

Social Composition

According to census of India, the social composition will be done by religionand caste based. The caste base system is classified into Scheduled Caste,Scheduled Tribe, Other Backward Castes and General Categories. This studyis necessary for making the policy making for the upliftment of the backwardcaste people, and providing source for development. This study of a placegives the standard of living and what are the schemes should be provided tothem.

Kanchugarakoppalu has SC population almost equal to one fourth number of

the general caste people. The ST population was not found in the village.When coming to figures, there are 249 SCs and 876 General people.

Chart: Social Composition


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ST SC General

3.3 Population ProjectionPopulation projection is a scientific attempt to peep into the futurepopulation scenario, conditioned by making certain assumptions, using datarelating to the past available at that point of time. Assumptions used andtheir probability of adhering in future, forms a critical input in thismathematical effort. Predicting the future course of human fertility andmortality is not easy, especially when looking beyond much further in time.Medical and health intervention strategies, food production and its equiTableavailability, climatic variability, socio-cultural setting, politico economic

conditions and a host of other factors influence population dynamics, makingit a somewhat unpredicTable exercise.

Population projections are useful for a number of reasons and helpstakeholders plan for the near and distant future. If we know how manypeople are in a country or region, this puts us in a better position to assessthe need for new jobs, teachers, schools, doctors, nurses, urban housing,food, and requirements for resources. For example, in order to plan animmunization program at some time in the future, governments, donors, andhealthcare staff need to know how many children will be alive in the future.

Population projections can help us estimate future population size.Population projections are also important for raising awareness of issuesamong policymakers. For example, a population projection can help illustratethe impact of an increased population on the use of fuel wood and thepotential threat to the forests or the need for affordable housing projects toaccommodate the large and growing population.


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Even though we have many types of population projection methods, Themost practiced method in India is the Exponential Growth Method. Theprojected population for the year 2021 as per Exponential Growth Projectionmethod is,

M= KT

where,K = Pop/ T

T = T projection year - T present year

Projected Population, P = P p e M

Where, Pp = Present Population.e = Exponential

P = 1125 X e (1.47/100)X10

P = 1304


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Chart: Projected population

CHAPTER IV: HOUSING

4.1 Housing Stock The total number of house stock is 240 including cattle shed. Totally

there are 225 dwelling units.


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The total population of the village is 1125 as per primary survey.

The house hold average size is 5.

4.2 Structural conditions There are four different types of housing based on structural conditions.

Pucca a structure whose walls and roof are made of permanent

materials such as cement- concrete, burnt brick, stones etc.

Semi Pucca the structure whose walls and roof both are made of

non Pucca materials such as walls constructed with bricks and mud

mortar roof covering with Mangalore tiles, walls surface plaster with

cement mortar.

Kutcha the structure in which both walls and roof are made of

materials which have to be replaced seasonally.

Table: Structural Conditions

Structural

Conditions

No of Houses Percentages

Pucca 35 18.69 %Semi pucca 131 69.19%Kutcha 23 12.12%

Total 225 100

Chart: Structural Conditions


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Pucca House Semi Pucca House

Kutcha HouseSemi pucca house are more when compare to the other structural

conditions houses.

Houses under Dilapidated housing conditions are 1.77% = 4 .

Housing typology based on design can be made into four categories.

Table: Types of House

Types of Houses No of Houses PercentageSingle houses 48 21.4

Twin houses 16 7.2Row houses 138 61.3Courtyard houses 4 1.7R.C.C 19 8.4

Total 225 100


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Chat No: Type of Houses

Single House Row House

Twin Houses Courtyard House


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Roof typology based on material used for construction of roof can be

made into four categories

Table: Types of Roof Material

Types of Roof Materials No of Houses PercentageRcc 16 7Mangalore tile 127 56.7Country tile 69 30.6Sheet roof 13 5.7

Total 225 100

Chart: roof material typology

Mangalore Tiles Country Tiles


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RCC Roof Sheet Roof

House typology based on the plot size can be made into six categories

Table: Plot Dimensions of Houses

Plot Dimensions No of Houses Percentages0-50sqmts 39 17.3850-100 sqmts 117 52.22100-200 sqmts 50 21.65200-300 sqmts 12 5.09300-400 sqmts 4 1.97Others 3 1.27

Total 225 100

Chart: Plot Dimensions of Houses


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4.3 Proposals Projected population for 2021 is 1304.

Household average size is 4.5.

New houses to be constructed are 44 and number of houses to repair orrestored are 4 houses those which are under dilapidated housing condition.

Table: Proposal For Housing

Types of Houses No of Houses PercentageSingle houses 9 21.4

Twin houses 4 7.2Row houses 27 61.3Courtyard houses 1 1.7RCC 3 8.4

Total 44 100


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CHAPTER-V: PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE5.1 Status of roads:

Village service roads has both water borne macadam and bituminous type

of roads carrying village traffic of people, cattle, bullock carts, two wheelersand buses. Major service roads of the village are Canal road which is locatedin direction of south to north and the Bituminous Tar road which is beside thetemple; Intermediate service roads of the village are connecting individualhouses from major service roads; and the Minor service roads are the roadswhich are connecting fields from intermediate service roads or majorservice roads. These minor service roads are also called cart tracks. Theservice roads connecting from major road to individual plots are very narrowand finished with no proper design and construction. The quality of theseroads in terms of construction & roadway structure is not satisfactory.Among total length of the roads, only 0.5 km length is finished withbituminous surface at the portion where it is subjected to public transportaccessibility.

The existing approach road and other Kutcha roads of the village are in badcondition and makes circulation difficulty. The turning radius at entrance of the village ,along Canal Road is not sufficient for buses , oil tankers andother heavy vehicles ,where school children play and This spot is also a placevillage people meet most frequently .The frequency of KSRTC bus service tovillage is about 5 buses per a day ;at timing 8am,9am,12 pm,4pm and8pm.The stop has no Bus shelter, people used to board buses at the roadturning point .Major part of village households own bicycles which constituteabout 55% in terms total owner ship , where as about 30% people areusing two wheeler motor cycles and only 1% using cars .Almost everyhousehold has traditional bullock cart for their agricultural field work theircontinuous usage made those roads to damage.

Type of

Road

Distance

from Village(Km)

Direction

1 National highway (212,766)

50.9 south-east

2 State high 4.75


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way(120)

3 Other districtroad

1.45 south

Table: Types of roadway finishing & existing status

5.2 Transportation facilities:

Table: Vehicle ownership in the village

Analysis:

Chart Types of roads Chart no:5.2 Vehicle Ownership

S.N

o Type of roads

Status

length in km1 Bituminous Roads all weather roads 1.0552 Water Bound Macadam

Road

fair weather roads

0.39333 Earthern road fair weather roads 1.07

Total Roads 2.518

S.No Type of vehicle No. of vehicles %1 Bicycle 113 552 Two wheeler(motor) 61 303 Car 3 14 Bullock cart 29 4


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5.3 Water supply:It is the study of provision of poTable water for public utilities , commercialand community uses along individual households, which is a principalcomponent in this village, water supply for Irrigation is covered separately inother sections

Water supply systems get water from different sources includinggroundwater. The water is, in most cases not treated or disinfected throughchlorination or water from sources collected then pumped to elevated tankcalled overhead tank. Once water is used, wastewater is mostly dischargedinto open drainage system and flows towards low laying area.

Sources of SupplyUnder ground water (from aquifer), lake and canal are the main source of water for this village. Over head tank is within the village are the principalstorage units and the daily supply is estimated at 50000 liters by drawingwater from bore wells and other areas provided with Hand pumps and openwells. The water is distributed to individual households of the village byproviding 107 Tap connections, along with even hand pumps bore wells andopen well water to the population. Water is also drawn from canal which islocated near to the village for the requirements of washing and irrigationpurpose.

Details of Bore well water which is pumped to overhead tanks is given infollowing Table, which shows the details of sources from which the water isdrawing. From the study it is observed that there is no regular water bornediseases as the quality of water is satisfactory. People have no comments onthe bad quality of water

Table : Water Supply Source

S No. Source Distance

1 Bore well 1 Within village

2 Bore well 2 Within village

3 Canal Within village

4 Tank Within village

Source: Primary survey

Table: Water Supply Details
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorination


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Water Supply capacity of OHT 50000 ltrsFrequency of water supply SporadicDuration of Water Supply 30 mins/dayLength of Distribution System 1.2 kmRate of Supply 57 LPCDNo. of OHTs 1no of pumping 2No. of hand pumps 5No. of stand post 2No. of BORE wells 2No. of Open wells 10Source: Primary survey

Distribution Network and Tariff Details

Water is supplied to the village under the governance of Panchayatdistribution system along with two public stand posts and five hand pumps.

The total length of the road is nearly 1.9 km and the length for whichdistribution mains provided is about 0.875km. There exists 4.3% are providewith direct water service connection in Kanchugarakoppalu as per 2012

Table: Water connection /tariff details:

S. No.S. No. Type of connectionType of connection NumberNumber Charges/month (Rs.)Charges/month (Rs.)

11 DomesticDomestic 189189 3030

22 Public tapsPublic taps NILNIL NillNill

33 CommercialCommercial NILNIL NILNIL

44 IndustrialIndustrial NILNIL NILNIL

55 Total 5670 Rupees/month5670 Rupees/month


SWOT Analysis:

S.S. NoNo

ItemItem StrengthsStrengths WeaknessesWeaknessesOpportunitieOpportunitiess

ThreatsThreats

11 WaterWater availablyavailably

Water forWater for other thanother than

The canal on The canal on which the villagewhich the village

Canal water isCanal water is available foravailable for

Water pollutionWater pollutionexists due toexists due to


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drinking isdrinking is available inavailable in nearby canalnearby canal flowing in thisflowing in this

regionregion

is depending willis depending will not having waternot having water throughout thethroughout the yearyear

other thanother than domesticdomestic purpose.purpose.

humanhuman intervention forintervention forvariousvarious requirementsrequirements

22WaterWater supplysupply networknetwork

Existing waterExisting water pipelinepipeline network isnetwork is availableavailable

The water supply The water supply network hasnetwork has Leakages andLeakages and lowlow maintenance.maintenance.

Water can beWater can be supplied for 24supplied for 24 hours if somehours if some measures aremeasures are to taken byto taken by improving theimproving the existingexisting

CitizensCitizens participation andparticipation andfinances forfinances foroperation andoperation andmaintenance aremaintenance areboth in neglectedboth in neglectedsectorsector

Water Demand

Based on the study it is found that 57 LPCD is supplying in place of percapita supply of 70 liters per day as stated norms for rural careers. Thereexit about 15% unaccounted water wastage due to leakage thecorresponding water demand in the existing context are as follows

Table: Water Supply Gap details


Key Observations:

Following are major issues about water supply with need to be consideredwhileplanning for the future:

1. Inadequate water supply

Indicators Unit Norm Existing Gap

Per capita water supply lpcd 70 57 13Distribution network % 100 46 54Water demand- current liters (lakhs) 0.790 0.50 0.290Water demand at 2021

at

70 lpcd

liters (lakhs) 0.915 0.50 0.415


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2. Pipeline network not fully coveredthe village area

a. Old pipeline causing leakages and low pressure.

3. Major shortage in water supply happens during summer season.

4. Due to lack of electricity supply the water supply found inconvenience.

5. Water pressure is not uniform throughout the village.

6. Canal is located at lower level so the Irrigation at higher elevated land

is not possible without pumping

7. Irrigation mainly depend on rain.

Although Kanchugarakoppalu does have an intrinsic water resourceconstraint, water supply is intermittent and restricted to a few hours a dayand quality of water inconsistent rarely.

In the absence of regulation governing the exploitation and use of groundwater unsustainable. General data on distribution network plan andinfrastructure is too weak to support planning, management, monitoring andmaintenance.

5.4 Village SanitationVillage Sanitary is an aspect concern to Public health of the village whichdeals to preserve and maintain health of individuals and the community atlarge, by preventing water born communicable diseases. It consists of scientific and methodical collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal of the waste matter, of the village public health so as to protect and the villageenvironment. Sanitation is the prevention of the sporadic outbreak of diseases, majorly by proper sewerage system and solid waste managementeither by controlling or eliminating such factors that contribute in some form

or the other to transmission of diseases.

The waste matter, generated by the human and animal activity, and also byother activity is allowed to accumulate, and some will decomposed iscontaminating and polluting water and land.

As it was disposed either in the solid form or in the liquid form withouthaving any environmental concern. The sanitary sewage includes majority


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domestic sewage which includes used water from houses or communities atbath and kitchen the toilet waste has soak pit system and there no industrialwastes. The improper disposal of sewage and other waste is the major factorthreatening to the health and comfort of individuals of the village.

Sewerage system in the village:Health and growth of the village is depends on how effective the sanitationthe village has Kanchugarakoppalu village has no Underground SewerageSystem. Sewage is being generated daily at present households from kitchenand bathrooms are disposed to open drains while the waste from closet hasseptic tank facility. Some Households which does not have toilet facilities inthe village habitations are not provided with the protected system of sanitation. Hence. Open defecation and disposal into the open groundsthrough common methods of sewage disposal, is real threat to the village.

Observation existing sewerage system:o Underground drainage system in the village is absent.

o Disposing the sewage &sullage water into open drains (reaches

primary drain, then finally combines with Canal)

o Environmental pollution: Due to open defection and open ground

disposal of waste

o Frequent clogging of open drainage system of the village due to

garbage and debris.

o Absence of Sewage Treatment process

o Some houses has no soak pits to hold kitchen/washing/toilet water

which usually flows on to roads and it is inadequate to lead this water

into roadside drains

o There is no proper cattle sheds and over many areas where cattle are

tied during most part of the day.

Table: Toilet facilities in the village

TypeType of facilityof facility Service provided to number of housesService provided to number of houses

Septic tanksSeptic tanks 6161

Public toiletsPublic toilets NilNil


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soak pitssoak pits NilNil

open ground defecationopen ground defecation 128128

No Septic tank (Direct connect toNo Septic tank (Direct connect to

drain)drain) 00Source: Primary survey

Table: Sanitation stacks of the village

Sanitation provisorySanitation provisory Current Status in the villageCurrent Status in the village

Septic tanksSeptic tanks provisionprovision 32%32%

Sewage Treatment processSewage Treatment process NilNil

Under Ground Drainage coverageUnder Ground Drainage coverage NilNil

Public ToiletsPublic Toilets NilNilSource: Primary survey

5.5 Solid waste management in the village:Village There is no system street sweeping or Collection of Solid waste at

community level. Individual households are taking care of it. It is estimatedthat the total quantity of waste generated in a day is about 2.5 tones out of which 2.24 ton is organic waste, 0.25 ton is inorganic waste to thecommunity participation in the waste segregation is not ensured. The wasteis segregated into biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hag before primarycollection.

Table: Organic waste from Domestic Animals

Animal Nos. Solidwaste

generatedin kg's

LiquidWaste

generated(ltrs)

Present Condition

Cow/Calf 170 1190 1360 Dumping yard in eachhouse near cattle shed

Bullock 88 616 704 Dumping yard in eachhouse near cattle shed

Buffalo 56 56 448 Dumping yard in each


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house near cattle shedsheep 91 91 91 -

goat 103 103 103 -Chicken 191 191 - -

Total 699 2247 2706Source: Compiled from Primary survey

Note: quantity is roughly estimated by enquiry

Key Observations1. There is no Proper method of collection of Solid Waste.

2. Solid Waste is Dumping Behind The House or near the Cattle

Field

3. There is no Proper community Cleaning system of streets.

4. There is no Scientific Method for treating Solid Waste.

5.6 Storm Drainage system:Observations:

The overall slope of the village is in the direction of North West to south; butthe storm drains of the village are oriented to the existing canal . The stormwater drains are laid either side along the major service roads of village andthey are of open drains . The total length of storm water drains is 2.84 Kmsrectangle in the form with a size of 3' 3'' wide and 1' 6''deep. Most houses of the village were built at the same level of roads, where it has more scope forthe spillover of storm into houses directly from streets and damages Kutchahouses during monsoon season. Major part of the village is provided withstorm water drains facility but they are in form of Kutcha drains, few areasthe drainages lined with RCC.

Analysis:

Table: storm drain detailsStatus of storm drains length of drains (in km)

katcha drains 1.203pucca drains 1.637

Total length 2.84


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Chart: Storm Drains & Their Lengths

The total length of the storm drain is 2.84 km, which covers only 56% of required length out of the existing storm drain length only 58% are Puccadrains from. The rest is in the status of Kutcha drains.

5.7 Electricity service in the village:

The source of electricity for village is from K.R.Nagar substation which islocated at about 8 km from Kanchugarakoppalu village. Two transformersare providing to serve the village with 11000KV capacity in which one isspecifically used for Non-domestic supply. The non-domestic supply isprovided for irrigation pumps. The total no. of domestic connections is 165and non-domestic connections that provide electric power for irrigation pumpsets are 55. The irrigation pump sets are connected at free of cost by theGovernment of Karnataka. The duration of supply is 12 hours per day. Thetotal supply per month for domestic connections is 15000 units and 10000units supply for irrigation pump sets during summer. The electricity network

was well laid and no threat of damage from the electric supply network toany housing unit, public or cattle were observed w.r.t the location of networkis concerned. The light poles are provided with sodium vapor lamps andmercury lamps for illuminating the streets of Kanchugarakoppalu village.

Fuel Energy and Other Rural Energies:

In kanchugara koppal few houses had biogas connection but now it is notbeing used in the village. From interview it is observed that, the constructionand maintenance of biogas and its connection demands extra attention andalso difficult. However, most of the households depended upon the firewoodand other similar agri-wastes, as it is available easily at present. Fewhouseholds are using energy of different form for domestic purpose. Othertypes of energies such as wind energy and solar energy are not in practice.

The detais of rural consumption pattern is shown in Table 5.5 and Chart 5.4.


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Table: Energy consumption Chart:Energy

Usage

CHAPTER VI: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Development of Socio-Economic Infrastructure facilities play an importantrole in the community development and these facilities are essential tosatisfy the immediate requirement of inhabitants and provide communityneeds such as education, health facilities and recreational facilities etc.Social Infrastructure facilities support many welfare activities especially forthe poor and economically weaker sections.

6.1 Education Facilities:

The importance of education is in the fact that it helps us to learn differentways to observe and analyze. Contradictions are born out of an educatedand intelligent mind. Until the mind is well trained and educated, it will notbe possible to observe things that can be useful throughout life.

Education is important for everyone. Today, the world, is giving dueimportance to education, trying to make the entire population literate byopening up schools and colleges, and making the education systemaffordable too. This is not just a social cause, but rather a function that willhelp in transforming the entire society in to a better place. It will help eachand every human being to lad their won life, and adapt to a proper lifestyle.Education further marks a personality too. We cannot deny that gettingeducated also means earning the degrees that we strive for throughout ourlife. It is a part of the learning process that leads to a constructive future.

Therefore, the importance of education is also determined by the fact that ithelps in shaping our career to become a responsible person.


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In this village, children's are getting benefit from following 2 schemes,

A. Mid Day Meal Scheme

B. National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL)

A. Mid Day Meal Scheme: The Mid Day Meal is the worlds largest school feeding programme reachingout to about 12 crore children in over 12.65 lakh schools/EGS centres acrossthe country.

Mid Day Meal in schools has had a long history in India. In 1925, a Mid DayMeal Programme was introduced for disadvantaged children in MadrasMunicipal Corporation. By the mid 1980s three States viz. Gujarat, Keralaand Tamil Nadu and the UT of Pondicherry had universalized a cooked Mid

Day Meal Programme with their own resources for children studying at theprimary stage By 1990-91 the number of States implementing the mid daymeal programme with their own resources on a universal or a large scale hadincreased to twelve states.

Mid Day Meal Program is Government of India's flagship programme forachievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) and is beingimplemented in partnership with State Government to cover the entireKarnataka.

The main objectives of the programme are: To improve enrolment and attendance

To improve retention rate

To improve child health by increasing nutrition level

B. National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Level(NPEGEL):

National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), is afocused intervention of Government of India, to reach the Hardest toReach girls, especially those who are not in school. The scheme waslaunched in July 2003, it is an important component of SSA, which providesadditional support for enhancing girls education over and above theinvestments for girls education for through normal SSA interventions. Theprogramme provides for development of model School in every cluster


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with more intense community mobilization and supervision of girls enrolmentin schools. Gender sensitisation of teachers, development of gender-sensitive learning materials, and provision of need-based incentives likeescorts, stationery, workbooks and uniforms are some of the endeavoursunder the programme.

The Scheme is being implemented in Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs)where the level of rural female literacy is less than the national average andthe gender gap is above the national average. While this scheme provides anexcellent opportunity to develop context specific strategies to addresslearning needs of girls and to focused community mobilization and gendersensitization of teachers in an innovative and effective manner.

Higher Primary School:In this village, there is only one Higher Primary School and it is located in themiddle area of the village. There are only 4 teachers including head masterfor 93 students. In this school, due to the lack of teachers, they areconducting classes in 4 class rooms only, in such a way that they arecombining 1st to 3rd classes in one room, 4th & 5th classes in another room,6th and 7th Classes in separate rooms.

They are providing mid-day meals for the students in the afternoon in theschool under the central scheme of Mid-day scheme. There is no anotherperson for cooking of this food. In this, they give food without egg. The

details of the school are given in the following Table,Table: Higher Primary School details

Source: Primary Survey 2012

In this school, for drinking water they arehaving one Hand pump in the premises only.In this, there is 1 Gents toilet, 2 Girls toiletsare available. There is only small Playground is available in the school premises.So, students are playing in the private land of outside village.

Type NumberBoys 56Girls 37

Total Students 93 Total Teachers 4Student-Teacher ratio 23


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In this school, SC & ST students getting scholarships from their welfaredepartments. Girls are being provided benefits from National Program forEducation of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL). In this school they areconducting parents meeting once in a month, they are taking students forpicnic to Holy place or new places of surrounding areas.

Higher Primary School - Infrastructure Facilities

In this village, there is one Anganwadi, as a preschool or day care centre forchildren below the age of 6 years, but now that is not working. There are 3Anganwadi centres are available in the north-west direction at a distance of 1.65 km in Kesthurukoppalu village. In Kesthurukoppalu village, there is one1 Higher Primary School and 1 High school. For college, children's are going

to KR Nagar.

Education Analysis:

As per 2001 census data, this village literacy rate is about 57% andcomparing with other villages of Mysore district, this village has good literacyrate. For more details please find the below Table,

Table: Comparison of Literacy details

Source: Population Census 2001

Insufficient of Play ground for School children's

AreaTotal

PopulationNo. Of

LiteratesLiteracy

(%)Mysore (Rural area) 1658899 749655 45.19KR Nagar ( Rural area) 208566 103994 49.86Kanchugarakoppalu 970 554 57.11


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Student-Teacher ratio - 15:1 at Higher Primary School.

6.2. Health Facilities:

Health is not just about a healthy body but also about sound mental health.Good health can be described as the condition where both our body as wellas our mind is functioning properly. The main causes behind poor healthconditions are diseases, improper diet, injury, mental stress, lack of hygiene,unhealthy lifestyle, etc. Over the past few years, our lifestyle has changedand we often tend to ignore the importance of healthy living in one way orthe other.

In this village, there is no health dispensary, but one Auxiliary Nurse Midwife(ANM) is coming twice in a week from Primary Health Centre of Malali and

from past 3 months, this nurse isn't visiting the village.

As per UDPFI Guide lines, There should be 1 health dispensary for every15000 population with in the area of 0.08- .12 ha. There is one Ayurvedicdispensary in Kesthurkoppalu and this is serving for 4 surrounding villages,namely Kanchugarakoppalu, Kesthurkoppalu, Kesthur and Kesthur gate. Inthis 1 medical officer and 1 Multi-skilled Group D worker are available. Tothis dispensary patients are coming with general seasonal diseases such as,Fewer, Anaemia, Cough and Diarrhea.

There is one Veterinary Hospital in Kesthurkoppalu and this is serving for 4surrounding villages, namely Kanchugarakoppalu, Kesthurkoppalu, Kesthurand Kesthur gate. In this 1 medical officer, 1 Sr. Inspector, 1 Veterinaryassistant and 1 Multi-skilled Group D worker are available.

For this village, Primary health centre (PHC) is located in south-west directionat a distance of 1.85 km in Malali village and Community Health Centre(CHC) is located in the north-west direction at a distance of 12.40 km inSaligrama village. For better health facilities public are moving to KR Nagar,which is at a distance a distance of 10 km from the village and for super

specialty facilities they are moving to Mysore city, which is at a distance of 52 km from village.

Health Indicators:

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths of children less than oneyear of age per 1000 live births. This can be calculated as the number of children dying at less than 1 year of age, divided by the number of live births


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that year. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in this area is 33 where as inKarnataka state this is 38 persons per 1000 population (2011).

Maternal Mortality Rate is the ratio of the number of maternal deaths per1,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its

management, excluding accidental or incidental causes. There is notavailable information on this at PHC.

Crude Birth Rate is the number of live births per thousand of population peryear. The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) in this area is 16 where as in Karnatakastate this is 20 persons per 1000 population (2011).

Crude Death Rate, the total number of deaths registered per thousand of population during a calendar year. The Crude Death Rate (CDR) in this areais 6 where as in Karnataka state this is 7 persons per 1000 population

(2011).Table: Comparison of Health Indicators

Health Indicator Malali Area Karnataka StateInfant Mortality Rate 33 38Crude Birth Rate 16 20Crude Death Rate 6 7

Source: Primary Health Centre, Malali

Types of Diseases:

As per Mysore District Statistics report, there are some T.B. patients in thisKR Nagar taluk but where as in our primary survey we haven't found thesetype of patients in this village.

In general in this village public are facing some seasonal diseases such as,Malaria, Anemia, Cough, Cold, Vomiting, Tonsils, Head ache, Body pains andDiarrhea. Beyond this some of other diseases such as, Sugar andHypertension. In this village there are no chronic diseases.

Immunization details:

Infants are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. So, Immunization isthe best way to protect kids from prevenTable diseases.

Table: Immunization Schedule for Infants

VaccineNo. of Doses Time Period

Bacillius Calmette Guerin & Tuberculosis 1 30 days


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(TB)Hepatatis -B (Jandis), Zero Polio &Dipheria Tetanus & Pertussis 3

1.5, 2.5, 3.5Months

Measles & Vitamin A 29-12 & 16-24

Months

Tetanus Toxoid 1 3 YearsSource: Primary Health Centre, Malali.

Primary Health Centre:

Primary Health Centre is basic health unit to provide as close to the peopleas possible, an integrated curative and preventive health care to the ruralpopulation with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of healthcare. For this village, Primary health centre (PHC) is located in south-westdirection at a distance of 1.85 km in Malali.

Malali PHC is serving for 8 surrounding villages namely, Mavotturu, Badrelli,Siddapura, Kanchugarakoppalu, Kesthurkoppalu, Kesthur, Kesthur gate andMargodanalli.

To this PHC patients are coming with general seasonal diseases such as,Fewer, Anaemia, Cough, Cold, Vomiting, Tonsils, Head ache, Body pains andDiarrhea. Beyond this some of other diseases area such as, Sugar,Hypertension, Family Planning operations, Pregnancies, and dressings No. of Patients coming to this PHC is 400 persons in a month.

Infrastructure facilities at Primary Health Centre: This PHC is consisting the following Infrastructure facilities:

i. Out Patient Department

ii. Medicine Store Room

iii. Laboratory

iv. Fridge room (with UPS)

v. General Ward - Total No. of Beds

-10 (Extra 5)vi. Operation Theatre

vii. Auto Clave bins

viii. Delivery Room

ix. Dressing Room


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Health Schemes:

Janani Suraksha Yojana:

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under theNational Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being implemented with the objectiveof reducing maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutionaldelivery among the poor pregnant women. This scheme integrates cashassistance with delivery and post-delivery care. Under this scheme Rs.700/-will given in cash and 1 Madill kit consisting of Soap, Paste, Bed Sheets,Napkin and Baby powder to BC/ SC/ST Population.

Prasuti Araike Yojana: This is the incentive to BPL women who belong to BC/SC/ST category to helpthem during prenatal period. Under this scheme Rs.1000/- is given in cashfor pregnant women.

Bhagya Lakshmi scheme:In this village Government giving Rs. 1 Lakh for first baby boy of the family inthe Backward classes people under Bhagya Lakshmi scheme.

Accessibility of services with distance:

For this village, Primary health centre (PHC) is located in south-west directionat a distance of 1.85 km in Malali village and Community Health Centre(CHC) is located in the north-west direction at a distance of 12.40 km inSaligrama village. For better health facilities public are moving to KR Nagar,which is at a distance a distance of 10 km from the village and for superspecialty facilities they are moving to Mysore city, which is at a distance of 52 km from village.


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Table: Health Facility details

Type Location Distance (km)Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) LocalAuxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) Malali 1.85Ayurvedic Dispensary Kesthurkoppalu 1.65Primary Health Centre Malali 1.85Community Health Centre Saligrama 12.40Private Hospitals K R Nagar 10Super Speciality Hospital Mysore 52Veterinary Hospital Kesthurkoppalu 1.65Source: Mysore District statistical department

Ayurvedic Dispensary Centre VeterinaryHospital

Health Analysis:

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in this area is 33 where as in Karnatakastate this is 38 persons per 1000 population (2011).

The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) in this area is 16 where as in Karnatakastate this is 20 persons per 1000 population (2011).

The Crude Death Rate (CDR) in this area is 6 where as in Karnatakastate this is 7 persons per 1000 population (2011).

As per UDPFI Guide lines, There should be 1 health dispensary forevery 15000 population with in the area of 0.08- 0.12 ha.

As per Mysore District Statistics report, there are some T.B. patients inthis KR Nagar taluk but where as in our primary survey we haven'tfound these type of patients in this village.


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Comparison of Man power at Primary Health Centre: To ensure round the clock access to public health facilities, Primary HealthCentres are expected to provide 24-hour service with basic Obstetric andNursing facilities. Under NRHM, PHCs are being operationalized for providing24 X 7 services in various phases by placing at least 3 Staff Nurses in thesefacilities.

Table: Comparison of Man power at Primary Health Centre

Staff IPHS Guide lines Manpower

at PHC(Malali)

Essential

Desirable

Medical Officer- MBBS 1 1Medical Officer AYUSH 1 -Accountant cum Data Entry Operator 1 -Pharmacist 1 1Pharmacist AYUSH 1 -Nurse-midwife (Staff-Nurse) 3 2Health worker (Female) 1 1Health Assistant (Male) 1 1Health Assistant

development plan for kenchugara koppalu

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