development unit 9. developmental research nature vs. nurture continuity vs. stages stability vs....
TRANSCRIPT
Development
Unit 9
Developmental Research
Nature vs. Nurture Continuity vs. Stages Stability vs. Change
Periods of Development
Infancy: 0-24 months Early Childhood: 2-5 years Middle Childhood: 6-8 years Late Childhood: 9-11 Adolescence: 11ish – 20ish Early Adulthood: 20s-30s Middle Adulthood: 40s-65ish Late Adulthood: 65+
Infancy
Physical Development Reflexes
Grasping Babinski Rooting Sucking
Maturation Developmental Norms
sequence
Jean Piaget
IQ Tests Schema
Assimilation Accommodation
Piaget
Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor
0-2 Object Permanence
Preoperational 2-7 Animism/personification Egocentric Lacks Conservation and
Reversibility
Concrete Operational 7-11 Gains Conservation and
Reversibility Formal Operational
12+
Sensorimotor stage video
Preoperational Stage video
Egocentrism video
Concrete Operational Stage video
Formal Operational video
Development Jigsaw 1= Lev Vygotsky (Social Dev./Piaget)
2= Lev Vygotsky (Zone of Proximal Development)
3= Thomas and Chess 4= Stages of Attachment 5=Attachment Theory 6=Harry Harlow 7= Konrad Lorenz – yellow book 75-76
8 = Ainworth and Bowlby (Secure and Ambivalent)
9= Ainworth and Bowlby (Avoidant and Disorganzied)
Thomas and Chess Temperament
Easy 40%
Difficult 10%
Slow-to-warm-up 15%
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal Development
Harry Harlow
Contact Attachment
Konrad Lorenz
Imprinting Critical Period
Mary Ainsworth
Attachment Theory John Bowlby
Strange Situation Amount of exploration Reaction to departure and return
Secure attachment Anxious-Ambivalent insecure attachment Anxious-Avoidant insecure attachment Disorganized/disoriented attachment
Mary Main
Sigmund Freud
Terms Id Libido Fixation
Freud
Psychosexual Stages The Oral Stage
0-1 ½ Oral fixation
The Anal Stage 1 ½ -3 Anal-expulsive Anal-retentive
The Phallic Stage 3-6 Oedipus Complex Electra Complex identification
The Latent Period 6-puberty
The Genital Stage Puberty-adulthood
Erik Erikson
Psychosocial Stages of Development Trust vs. Mistrust
0-1½ Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
1½- 3 Initiative vs. Guilt
3-5 Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12
Erikson
Identity vs. Role Confusion 12-18
Intimacy vs. Isolation 18-35
Generativity vs. Stagnation 35-65
Integrity vs. Despair 65+
Lawrence Kohlberg
Moral Development Pre-conventional Morality
0-Egocentric judgment 1-Punishment-Obedience Orientation 2-Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Conventional Morality 3-Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation 4-Law and Order Orientation
Post-Conventional Morality 5-Social Contract Orientation 6-Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
Carol Gilligan
Moral Development Women
Adolescence
Process of Puberty Growth Spurt
Asynchrony Primary Sex Characteristics Secondary Sex Characteristics Reactions to growth
Personal Fable Spotlight Effect
Halo Effect
Adolescence
Theories G.Stanley Hall
Storm and Stress Margaret Mead
Influence of culture Robert Havighurst
Developmental Tasks
Adolescence
Gender Development Gender role Gender Identity Gender Stereotypes Androgynous
Adolescence
What causes Gender Differences Biological theory Psychoanalytic theory Social Learning theory Cognitive theory
Gender Schema
Diana Baumrind
Parenting Styles Authoritarian Authoritative
Democratic Permissive
Laissez faire
Daniel Levinson
Seasons of a Man’s Life Transitions
1st transition 17-22
Entering adult world 22-28
2nd transition 28-33
Settling down 33-40
3rd/midlife transition 40-45
Middle adulthood 45-50
4th transition 50-55
Late adult transition 60-65
Aging
Menopause Intelligence
Fluid intelligence Crystallized intelligence
Dementia Alzheimer’s Disease
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Stages of Death and Dying Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance