developmental psychology adolescence and adulthood

Developmental Developmental PsychologyPsychology

Adolescence and AdulthoodAdolescence and Adulthood

AdolescenceAdolescence

AdolescenceAdolescence

Divided into three categoriesDivided into three categories Early- ages 11-14Early- ages 11-14 Middle- ages 15-18Middle- ages 15-18 Late- ages 18-21Late- ages 18-21

Biological ChangesBiological Changes

Adolescents begin their growth spurts at Adolescents begin their growth spurts at different times and ratesdifferent times and rates

Adolescent Growth Spurt- rapid growth in Adolescent Growth Spurt- rapid growth in height and weightheight and weight Most grow 8 to 12 inches in heightMost grow 8 to 12 inches in height Starts with girls at age 10 or 11, boys 12 or 13Starts with girls at age 10 or 11, boys 12 or 13 Girls tend to be taller and heavier than boys in Girls tend to be taller and heavier than boys in

early adolescenceearly adolescence Boys catch up to girls in middle adolescenceBoys catch up to girls in middle adolescence


6 years after the start of the growth spurt- 6 years after the start of the growth spurt- adolescents reach close to 100% of his or adolescents reach close to 100% of his or her adult heighther adult height

Growth spurtGrowth spurt Begins with the lengthening of the hands, Begins with the lengthening of the hands,

feet, arms, and legs (look awkward and feet, arms, and legs (look awkward and gangly)gangly)

Followed by growth of torso (brings body back Followed by growth of torso (brings body back into proportion)into proportion)


Final stages of the growth spurtFinal stages of the growth spurt BoysBoys

• Broadening of the chest, shoulders, and Broadening of the chest, shoulders, and development of substantial musclesdevelopment of substantial muscles


Final stages of the growth spurtFinal stages of the growth spurt GirlsGirls

• Hips widen, fat deposited on breasts, hips, Hips widen, fat deposited on breasts, hips, buttocks, and thighsbuttocks, and thighs


Final stages of the growth spurtFinal stages of the growth spurt Both sexesBoth sexes

• Chin and nose more noticeableChin and nose more noticeable• Lips fullerLips fuller• Increase in the size of oil glands (acne breakouts)Increase in the size of oil glands (acne breakouts)• Sweat glands- more odorous secretionSweat glands- more odorous secretion• Heart, lungs, and digestive systems get largerHeart, lungs, and digestive systems get larger

Sexual DevelopmentSexual Development

Adolescences begins with the onset of Adolescences begins with the onset of pubertypuberty Puberty- the specific developmental changes Puberty- the specific developmental changes

that lead to the ability to reproducethat lead to the ability to reproduce• Reproductive organs in both males and females Reproductive organs in both males and females

develop and change the bodydevelop and change the body


Characteristics which are directly involved in Characteristics which are directly involved in reproduction are called reproduction are called primary sex primary sex characteristicscharacteristics

Characteristics that are not directly involved in Characteristics that are not directly involved in reproduction are called reproduction are called secondary sex secondary sex characteristicscharacteristics Include growth of body hair on certain parts of the Include growth of body hair on certain parts of the

body, the deepening of the voice in males, and the body, the deepening of the voice in males, and the rounding of the hips and breasts in femalesrounding of the hips and breasts in females


Changes are based on hormone levelsChanges are based on hormone levels Boys produce higher levels of testosteroneBoys produce higher levels of testosterone

• Makes boys sexual organs growMakes boys sexual organs grow• Deepens their voiceDeepens their voice• Hair to grow on their faces and chestsHair to grow on their faces and chests• Develop broader shoulders and thicker bodiesDevelop broader shoulders and thicker bodies• Develop more muscle tissue and larger hearts and Develop more muscle tissue and larger hearts and

lungslungs


Girls produce more estrogenGirls produce more estrogen• Starts the growth of breast tissueStarts the growth of breast tissue• Supportive tissue in the hips and buttocksSupportive tissue in the hips and buttocks• Pelvic region widens and the hips become rounderPelvic region widens and the hips become rounder• Start their menstrual cycleStart their menstrual cycle

Starts around ages 11 to 14Starts around ages 11 to 14

Early and Late DevelopersEarly and Late Developers

Early and late boysEarly and late boys Early- Do better in sports, social activities, Early- Do better in sports, social activities,

and gain greater respect from peersand gain greater respect from peers Late- usually feel less adequate, anxious, and Late- usually feel less adequate, anxious, and

self-consciousself-conscious

Early and Late DevelopersEarly and Late Developers

Early and late girlsEarly and late girls Early- may be admired by other girls but Early- may be admired by other girls but

treated as sex objects by boystreated as sex objects by boys Larger size and more grown up body makes Larger size and more grown up body makes

her feel conspicuousher feel conspicuous

Social DevelopmentSocial Development

Relationships with ParentsRelationships with Parents Changes take place and most are positiveChanges take place and most are positive

• Some try to become more independent from their Some try to become more independent from their parentsparents

Most issues are about homework, chores, money, Most issues are about homework, chores, money, appearance, curfews, and datingappearance, curfews, and dating

Arguments arise when adolescents try to make personal Arguments arise when adolescents try to make personal choiceschoices


Relationships with ParentsRelationships with Parents Adolescents tend to spend more time with Adolescents tend to spend more time with

peers and less time with familypeers and less time with family• Continue to love, respect and feel loyalty to Continue to love, respect and feel loyalty to

parentsparents Those who feel closer to parents tend to show greater Those who feel closer to parents tend to show greater

self-reliance, independence, and fare better in school self-reliance, independence, and fare better in school and have fewer adjustment problemsand have fewer adjustment problems

Tend to interact with mother more than with fatherTend to interact with mother more than with father• Most see mother as being more supportiveMost see mother as being more supportive• More likely to seek advice from mother than fatherMore likely to seek advice from mother than father


Relationships with PeersRelationships with Peers Peers become more important in terms of Peers become more important in terms of

influence and emotional supportinfluence and emotional support Adolescent friendshipsAdolescent friendships

• Tend to have one or two best friendsTend to have one or two best friends• Loyalty is most important in a relationshipLoyalty is most important in a relationship• Close friends provide more support and Close friends provide more support and

understandingunderstanding• Closest friends are usually the same sexClosest friends are usually the same sex


Relationships with PeersRelationships with Peers Cliques and CrowdsCliques and Crowds

• Clique- peer groups of 5 to 10 people who spend a Clique- peer groups of 5 to 10 people who spend a great deal of time with one another, sharing great deal of time with one another, sharing activities and confidencesactivities and confidences

Include both members of the opposite sexInclude both members of the opposite sex

• Crowds- larger groups of people who do not spend Crowds- larger groups of people who do not spend as much time together but share attitudes and as much time together but share attitudes and group identitygroup identity


Relationships with PeersRelationships with Peers Peer InfluencesPeer Influences

• Research suggests that peers are more likely to Research suggests that peers are more likely to urge adolescents to work for good grades and urge adolescents to work for good grades and complete high schoolcomplete high school

Less likely to involve them in drug abuse, sexual activity, Less likely to involve them in drug abuse, sexual activity, or delinquencyor delinquency

Follow friends in terms of dress, hairstyles, speech Follow friends in terms of dress, hairstyles, speech patterns, and tastes in musicpatterns, and tastes in music


Relationships with PeersRelationships with Peers Dating and Romantic RelationshipsDating and Romantic Relationships

• Dating develops in stagesDating develops in stages 11stst stage- adolescents place themselves in situations stage- adolescents place themselves in situations

where they will probably meet peers of the other sex- at where they will probably meet peers of the other sex- at after school eventsafter school events

22ndnd stage- participate in group dating stage- participate in group dating 33rdrd stage- traditional dating stage- traditional dating

AdulthoodAdulthood

AdulthoodAdulthood

Divided into three categoriesDivided into three categories Young Adulthood- ages 20-40Young Adulthood- ages 20-40 Middle Adulthood- ages 40-65Middle Adulthood- ages 40-65 Late Adulthood- ages 65-deathLate Adulthood- ages 65-death

AdulthoodAdulthood

Young AdulthoodYoung Adulthood Characterized by a desire to try new ways of Characterized by a desire to try new ways of

doing things and by changing relationships doing things and by changing relationships with parentswith parents• Learn to become independent and take Learn to become independent and take

responsibility for themselves and the decisions responsibility for themselves and the decisions they makethey make

AdulthoodAdulthood

Young AdulthoodYoung Adulthood Reassessment- Reassessment-

developmental psychology adolescence and adulthood

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