developmental stages of lambs dr. dan morrical iowa state university
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Developmental Stages of Lambs
Dr. Dan MorricalDr. Dan Morrical
Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
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Development Stages of Lamb Digestive System
Birth - 3 weeks pre-ruminant
3-8 weeks - psuedo ruminant
8 weeks & on - ruminant
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Birth: Solely dependent on milk
Composition of ewes milk:
18.2% dry matter
5-7% fat
24.7% crude protein
26.4% lactose
1400 IU / liter Vit A
15 IU / liter Vit E
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Milk Yield and Composition Impact Lamb Performance
•Higher milk fat leads to increase energy intake
•ISU creep trials: 16, 21 & 26% CP
No variation in performance
•Megalac increases milk fat
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Creep DietsPalatable
-Corn
-Soybean meal
-Molasses
-DDGS
-Soybean hullsRoughage is of minimal value
Lambs get adequate roughage intake from ewe diets
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Creep Diets
•Easily digestible
•15-20% crude protein
•Added fat
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Creep RationCorn 1470SBM 49% 370Molasses 100Limestone 40Big GainTM salt 10Ammonium Chloride 10CTC 50 gramsSelenium .2 gramsVitamin A 1,000,000 IUVitamin D 100,000 IUVitamin E 50,000 IUZinc 136 gramsCrude protein 16.7%TDN 83.4%Calcium .84%
Phosphorous .38%
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Ration Physical Characterics
Very young lambs Meal form
3-8 weeks Medium grind
8-12 weeks Coarse grind
>12 weeks Whole grains
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Nutrient Requirements
Factors :
Sex
Lean Growth Potential
Weight
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Composition of Gain
Rams Lambs Superior
WethersIntermediate
Ewe Lambs Poorest
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Mature Size
Lambs are market ready at 65% of average mature weight of ewes of parent breeds.
220 lb. sire + 180 lb. dam = 400 ÷ 2 = 200.
200 x .65% = 130.
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% Protein Concentration of Lamb Rations
ADGLamb Wt. .50 .60 .70 .80 40 15.9 17.0 18.6 20.4 55 13.4 14.7 15.8 16.9 70 12.8 13.9 14.7 15.5 85 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.3 100 11.4 11.9 12.6 13.3 115 10.8 11.4 11.9 12.5
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Protein Quantity and Quality
Very young lambs -
solely dependent on feed protein
for quality and quantity
Ruminant -Protein quality depends on
Feed origin
Bacterial origin
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Ruminant - Protein Quantity
•Intake
•Microbial yield
-impacted by energy intake
-rumen ammonia level
-liquid dilution rate
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Rumen Bacteria
Cellulolytic - Fiber digesters
Amylolytic - Starch digesters
Proteolytic - Bacterial protein digesters
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Lamb Intake
Controlled by:Fill
Energy
Low concentrate diets -- fill
High concentrate diets -- energy
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Specific Nutrients
Vit E. 40,000 IU/tonSe .3 ppmCa .48P .24Salt .5-1.0%
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What Type of Ration
1. Targeted marketing date.
2. Relative costs of nutrients.
3. Compositional goal.
4. Facility size.
5. Feed processing equipment & storage.
6. Feeding system.
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Simplest System
Whole corn: Pelleted Protein Supplement.
Advantages:
-Superior feed efficiency
-Self fed
-Low processing costs
-Low cost diet
-Acidosis risk
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Simplest System...continued
Disadvantages:-Sorting
-Slower gains
-Quality of protein supplement
-Cash expense for protein pellet
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High Hay RationsAdvantages:
-Minimal cash outlay
-Value added to hay crop
-Improved composition
Disadvantages:
-Lower ADG
-More facilities, bunks and pens
-Hay waste
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Weaned Lamb Performance on Grass
Factors - Forage Species
Grass vs. legumes
-Age of lamb
-Health of lambs
-Condition of lambs
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Lamb Gains on Straight Grass
.20 - .25 pounds per day
.35 - .50 w/pound supplementation
Conversion 1:10 to 1:5
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Escape Protein for Pasture Lambs
Sources:
•Blood Meal
•Fish Meal
•Corn Gluten Meal
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Nursing Lamb Performance on Grass
Milk Production is Key1. Rotational grazing
a. high quality and quantity of forage
b. reduced competition between ewe & offspring
2. Creep Feeding
a. improved growth
b. allows coccidia control
c. increases cost of production
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Internal Parasite Control Strategies
1. Clean pasture
2. Clean sheep
3. Sheep age & resistance
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Clean Pasturers
1. Not grazed by sheep for six months.Hay ground
Cattle pasture
2. Rotate sheep & cattle middle of growing season.
3. Turn our clean sheep to minimizecontamination.
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Clean Sheep
Older sheep are more resistant.
Young lambs evaluate frequently until 6 months of age.
Treat before turn-out, retreat at 21-days.
Multiple water sources.
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Coddidia Control
1. Multiple water sources
2. Ionophores in mineral ?
3. Clean out ewes prelambing
4. Clean water source