Deviance in SportA behaviour that falls outside the norms or outside what is deemed to be acceptable

Our culture puts sport on a pedestalUnfortunately there are times when the actions of our sporting elite disappoint.

List some examples:• • • • •

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBjg5FKnyVU&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZR1WIJtbfY

Deviance - social behaviour that is different from what is regarded as normal or acceptable within society

What behaviour within sport would not be acceptable in wider society?

Who within sport can be deviant?

3 Types of BehaviourJay Coakley, 92

• POSITIVE DEVIANCE

• NORMAL BEHAVIOUR

• NEGATIVE DEVIANCE

Give examples of each

Negative defiance – Knowingly & intentionally breaks the rules & ethics of sport

Positive defiance – Behaviour outside the norm but with no intention to harm or break the rules

Relative defiance – deviant behaviour that is not acceptable in

wider society but may be deemed to be acceptable by those involved in a sub-culture

Some actions in sport are deemed to be within the ‘normal & acceptable behaviour’ category would be considered both deviant & illegal if they took place in wider society

Can you think of an example?

• Sport often refers to deal itself with the those who break its rules & etiquette

• But the police are increasingly LESS willing to look the other way when breach of the law occurs, even though the behaviour in question has occurred within a sporting context

• Whether or not the behaviour is viewed within a sporting context is determined by whether or not it breaks the CONTRACT TO COMPETE

Defiance the contract to compete

Within the characteristics of the activity

• Within the rules/ethics of the contest

• Allowing fair/free opportunity to win/achieve

• Performers agree to strive against each other to win

CONTRACT TO COMPETE

Causes of deviant behaviour

Causes of deviant behaviour

• Individual players lack moral restraint• Players may value winning above the loss of respect or

punishment • Rewards so great that larger number of players are

prepared to cross the line (could be considered as positive deviance)

• Deviant behaviour become less socially unacceptable • Sport GB’s may feel less able to punish deviant

behaviour in fear of being taken to the courts by the performers

Violence in sport

Who can be violent?

Violence between players

1. A spontaneous outburst

2. A predetermined & planned action

The cause

Occurs as an aggressive act by one player to another. This behaviour may be caused by…….

Violence between players

1. A spontaneous outburst

2. A predetermined & planned action

The cause

Occurs as an aggressive act by one player to another. This behaviour may be caused by…….• Genetic inheritance• Frustration (reaction/retaliation from crowd abuse)• Loss of self-identity (follow actions of crowd rather than won

inclinations)• Social learning – imitating actions of a resected role model who's

aggressive behaviour has been positively reinforced (rewarded)

Who deals with violent players?

• • •

NGB’s

Team mangers, Coaches & Captains

Individual player

Group discussion

• Were there any situations that caused you to feel anger & frustration?

• How did you deal with those situations? Were your actions in accordance with a player code of conduct or your own expectations of yourself?

• If a similar situation arose in the future, how might you deal with it differently?

Exam Question

Violence can sometimes occur in elite sport, for example football, both on and off the pitch.

Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)

Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)• 1. Over-strong desire to win/over arousal/pressure• 2. May be encouraged/asked to do so by coach/team mates/pressure

from• sponsors/crowds• 3. Player loses control due to action of opponents/referee• decisions/retaliates/frustration• 4. Player lacks moral/ethical restraints on personal behaviour• 5. Financial rewards• 6. Importance of game/cup final/equivalent

Home learning

1. Research & print off a code of conduct for players or performers in two different sports.

Highlighting any similarities or differences between the two

2. Explain the consequences of spectator violence, for example hooliganism, for the clubs and sporting authorities.

(4 marks)

4 marks for 4 of:A. Negative image of sport causes decline in participation rates/smaller foundation

baseB. Spectator attendance declinesC. Supporters banned from travelling/attending/matches played behind closed doorsD. All supporters treated as hooligansE. Teams banned from competing/loss of points/finedF. Sponsors/commercial deals withdrawnG. Additional cost to police events/provide more stewardsH. Relationship with local community/other countries declines /negative impact for

hosting future events

The focus of the question is on the consequences and not the strategies usedA – negative image too vague, need consequenceDo NOT accept lose money – have to say how money is lostG – Has to be reference to increase need