diabetes - 4th semi

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DIABETES



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Diabetes mellitus, often simply

referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a personhas high blood sugar,

either because –1. The body does not produce

enough insulin,

2. Or because cells do not respond to

DIABETES



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• Polyuria (frequent urination)

•

Polydipsia (increased thirst)• Polyphagia (increased hunger)

• Unexplained weight loss

• Sudden vision

• Numbness in hands or feet

•

Poor circulation

SYMPTOMS



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• Hereditary or Inherited Traits

• Age

•

Poor Diet (Malnutrition RelatedDiabetes

• Obesity and Fat Distribution

• Sedentary Lifestyle

• Stress

•

Drug Induced

CAUSES



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TYPES OFDIABETES



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• Type 1 Diabetes is autoimmune

disease that affects 0.3% onaverage.

•

Results from the body's failure toproduce insulin, and presentlyrequires the person to inject insulin.

TYPE 1



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• Researchers believe that some of the Etiology and Risk factorswhich may trigger type 1 diabetes

may be genetic, poor diet(malnutrition) and environment (virusaffecting pancreas).

• Secondly, in most of the cases,diabetes occurs because there is

abnormal secretion of



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• Type 2 Diabetes is also called non

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes.

•

It occurs when the body producesenough insulin but cannot utilize iteffectively.

TYPE 2



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• This type of diabetes usuallydevelops in middle age. A generalobservation says that about 90-95 %

of people suffering with diabetes aretype 2; about 80 percentare overweight



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Gestational diabetes - is when

pregnant women, who have never haddiabetes before, have a high bloodglucose level during pregnancy.

It may precede development of type 2 DM.

GESTATIONALDIABETES



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• About 20%–50% of affected womendevelop type 2 diabetes later in life.

• Risks to the babyinclude macrosomia (high birth

weight), congenital cardiac andcentral nervous system anomalies,and skeletal muscle malformations.Increased fetal insulin may inhibit

fetal surfactant production and



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•

Diet: A proper diabetic diet shouldhave

• 1. A low simple carbohydrates,

• 2. Moderate protein and

• 3. High fiber.

• This diabetic diet will -

• 1.reduce blood sugar,

• 2. reduce insulin levels, and

NATURAL CURE



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•

• Exercise: Regular physical activity

helps-

• 1. reduce weight,

•

2. lower blood sugar,• 3. improve insulin sensitivity,

• 4. strengthen the immune system,

• 5. improve circulation, &

NATURAL CURE



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DRUGS



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STIGALIPTIN

• BRAND NAME : Januvia

• MANUFACTURER : Merck &SunPharma



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• Diarrhea

• Headache

•

Nausea• Runny or stuffy nose

• Sore throat

• Upper respiratory infection

• Upset stomach.

SIDE EFFECTS



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THIAZOLINEDIONE

• Brand Name : Pioglitazone,Actos. rosiglitazone, Avandia

• Manufacturer : Zydus



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• Incidence of hepatitis

•

potential liver failure• water retention, leading to edema

• Increased risk of coronary heart

disease

SIDE EFFECTS



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diabetes - 4th semi

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