Diabetes:A Brief Overview of Diabetes

After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the bodys main source of energy.What Happens When We Eat?

In people without diabetes, glucose stays in a healthy range becauseNormal Blood Glucose ControlInsulin is released at the right times and in the right amountsInsulin helps glucose enter cells

In diabetes, blood glucose builds up for several possible reasonsHigh Blood Glucose (Hyperglycemia)Too little insulin is madeLiver releases too much glucoseCells cant use insulin well

Symptoms of HyperglycemiaIncreased thirstIncreased urinationBlurry visionFeeling tiredSlow healing of cuts or woundsMore frequent infectionsWeight lossNausea and vomiting

Hyperglycemia Can Cause Serious Long-Term ProblemsBlindnessKidney diseaseNerve damageAmputationHeart attackStroke

Chronic complications of diabetes

Two Main Types of DiabetesPancreas makes too little or no insulinType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesCells do not use insulin well (insulin resistance)Ability for pancreas to make insulin decreases over time

Type 1 Diabetes1 in 20 people with diabetes have type 1Most people are under age 20 when diagnosedBody can no longer make insulinInsulin is always needed for treatment

Symptoms of Type 1 DiabetesWeight lossLoss of energyIncreased thirstFrequent urinationDiabetic ketoacidosis (emergency condition of nausea, vomiting, dehydration. Can lead to coma)

Symptoms usually start suddenly

Managing Type 1 DiabetesBlood glucose monitoringEducationHealthy food choicesPhysical activityInsulin

Before and After Insulin TreatmentDiscovery of insulin in 1921 changed type 1 from a deathsentence to a chronic disease7-year-old child before and 3 months after insulin therapy

Type 2 DiabetesMost people with diabetes have type 2Most people are over age 40 when diagnosed, but type 2 is becoming more common younger adults, children and teensType 2 is more likely in people who:Are overweightAre non-CaucasianHave a family history of type 2

Symptoms of Type 2 DiabetesUsually subtle or no symptoms in early stages:Increased thirstIncreased urinationFeeling tiredBlurred visionMore frequent infectionsSymptoms may be mistaken for other situations or problems1 in 4 with type 2 arent aware they have it

Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes May Change Over a LifetimeAlways Includes:EducationHealthy eatingBlood glucose monitoringPhysical Activity

May Include:Medications, including insulin

Risk Factors for Type 2 DiabetesBeing overweightSedentary lifestyleFamily history of diabetesHistory of gestational diabetesAgeEthnic/racial background:African AmericanHispanic/LatinoNative AmericanAsian American

What is Prediabetes?1 in 3 American adults (79 million) have prediabetesOccurs before type 2 diabetesBlood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet diabetesMost people with prediabetes dont know they have it