Diabetes

By: Molly MageeBME 281

University of Rhode Island

History

• Dated back to the 1st century• 17th century= Dr. Thomas Willis testing• Early 20th century= low calorie diets• 1921= Dr. Frederick Banting discovered insulin• 1935= Roger Hinsworth discovered 2 types• 1969= first glucose meter• 1970s= first pump introduced

What is Diabetes

• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin• Affects how your body uses blood glucose• Type 1: insulin producing cells are destroyed;

insulin dependent• Type 2: cells get to be resistant to insulin; not

insulin dependent, but still need medication• 26 million Americans have diabetes

Symptoms

• Frequent Urination• Fatigue• Increased thirst• Extreme hunger• Unexplained weight loss• Blurred Vision

Insulin

• Hormone that comes from pancreas

• Secreted into bloodstream

• Lowers amount of sugar in bloodstream

High & Low Blood Sugar

• High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia) = to do with what you have consumed (too much carbs or too much sugar)

• Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) = lack of food

• Causes symptoms that can be severe

• Slurred speech, confusion, irritability, fainting, and seizures

• Raise by drinking fruit juice or carbs

Supplies

• Glucose Monitor• Test strips• Needles• Insulin• Way to inject insulin

How to treat

• Daily self-injection (with needle and insulin)

• Injection Pen (carries insulin inside)

• Insulin Pump (most effective)

• Medication (mainly for type 2: to stimulate the release of insulin)

Costs

• Depends on which type of diabetes you have and which method you decide to use

• Meter= $50-100• Strips= $20-70• Needles= $30-50• Insulin= $100-300• Pump=can go over $5,000

Future

• To find a cure!

References• Staff, Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical

Education and Research, n.d. Web. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diabetes/DS01121>.

• "Diabetes." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/>.

• Kanakis, Soraya Jane, Carolyn Watts, and Steven B. Leichter. "The Business of Insulin Pumps in Diabetes Care: Clinical and Economic Considerations." Clinical Diabetes (2002): n. pag. Web.

• Sattley, Melissa. "The History of Diabetes." Diabetes Health 17 Dec. 2008: n. pag. Web.