Diabetes in America

Morbidity, Mortality and Future Hopes(Presented by Team D: Tomas, Susan, Jeanne and Kathie)

Overview

Types History Population Disparities Morbidity and Mortality Non-Fatal Symptoms Treatments Cures Future Hope Summary

Types of Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Insipidus Gestational Diabetes Maturity Onset Diabetes

History

Hesire (Hesi-Ra) Egyptian physician 1552 B.C. Described diabetes as“the passing of too much urine”

English physician Tomas Willis 1679 A.D. Reported diabetic urine to be “sweet”

Matthew Dobson, Liverpool, 1776 A.D. Scientifically proved 'saccharine materials' in urine was a symptom of

diabetes.

Apollinaire Bouchardat, French M.D. 1871 A.D. Developed “diets” for diabetic patients after war rationing reduced

symptoms

Known to be fatal until the 1920’s

Population

23.6 million Americans have Diabetes 17.9 diagnosed and 5.7 million undiagnosed

1 in every 400-600 children and adolescents 186,200 under the age of 20

23.5 million are between the ages of 20-60 12 million men and 11.5 million women 12.2 million are over the age of 60 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTgBvJsHcCk

Disparities

Prevalent propensity for Diabetes in these populations:3

African American Native American Asian American Pacific Islander Hispanic American

Disparities

05

101520253035404550

Less than 10 years 10-19 years

Rat

e (p

er 1

00,0

00 p

er y

ear)

Type 2Type 1

ALL NHW AA H API AI ALL NHW AA H API AI

* NHW=Non-Hispanic whites; AA=African Americans; H=Hispanics; API=Asians/Pacific Islanders; AI=American Indians

Rate of new cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youth aged <20 years, by race/ethnicity, 2002–2003

Morbidity and Mortality

Heart Disease and Stroke Attributed 68% to heart disease related deaths Attributed 16% to stroke related deaths Death rate 2 to 4 times higher than non-diabetics

High Blood Pressure Found in 75% of diabetic adults

Blindness Leading cause among adults age 20-74 with diabetes

Morbidity and Mortality

Kidney Disease Leading cause of kidney failure Accounts for 44% of all reports

Neuropathy (Nervous System Damage) 60% to 70% have mild to severe form

Amputations Accounts for 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb

amputations

Mortality Seventh leading cause of death in 2004

Non-Fatal Complications

Bladder control problems for women Erectile dysfunction for men Kidney Disease Gastro paresis Eye Disease

Common Symptoms

Frequent urination Increase blood sugar (hyperglycemia) Irritability / Rage Neuropathy Slow to heal Sweet breath and urine

Treatments

For Type 1: Insulin, Nutrition, Exercise For Type 2: Medication, Nutrition, Exercise Increase your level of physical activity. Keep up with physical check ups with your

doctor. Follow the advice of your physician

Insulin therapy Oral medications

Eat a well balanced diet low in sugar/carbs.

Future Hope

Estimated 438 million to be diagnosed by 2030 Increase of 3% children with Type 1 by 2030 Researchers working to isolate “diabetic” gene Researchers searching stem-cell replacement for

type 1 Educators and Medical professionals increasing

awareness to community gardening Increased awareness of healthy eating habits

Correlation between diet and nutrition

Summary

Type 1 Diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes cases in America

Type 2 Diabetes is a growing epidemic not just an adult disease anymore; it can be easily managed through: Healthy Eating Exercise Education

Seventh cause of death in America but it does not have to be.

ReferencesYour Family and Diabetes. (2010). History of Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.your-family-

and-diabetes.com/history_of_diabetes.html

American Diabetes Association. (2010). Diabetes Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/

Center for Disease Control. (2007). National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2007. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf

American Diabetes Association, (2003). Diabetes A to Z (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Diabetes Association.

Barrier, P. (2005). Type 2 Diabetes for Beginners. Alexandria, Virginia: American Diabetes Association.

 National Institute of Diabetes. (2009). Complications of Diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/complications/

Oxford Publishing, Inc.. (2010). "Diabetes" the Oxford Companion to the Body. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t128.e274

References (Cont’d)

McCoy, M., & Bass, P.F. (2009, November). Recognizing Key Diabetes Symptoms. http://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/recognizing-the-symptoms-of-diabetes.aspx.

Global stats on p.1: from Diabetes Atlas 2009: www.diabetesatlas.org/content/foreword-0

National stats on p.1: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/dicndss-dacsnsd-04-05/pwdd-iadd-eng.php

Map of diabetes prevalence: www.diabetesatlas.org/sites/default/files/Map2.1%26lowbar;Prevalence%26lowbar;2010.jpg

Diabetes and depression: www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/living/complications/depression

World Diabetes Congress general info: www.idf.org/media (press releases)