GROUP NAME

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An endocrine disorder; a group of metabolic diseases characterised by elevated levels of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, insulin receptors or any combination of conditions.

OR EASILY PUT….OR EASILY PUT….

Cells are swimming in glucose (their food) but starving to death because of insulin issues.

Type I: Destruction of beta cells-> decreased insulin production->uncontrolled glucose production-> HYPERGLYCEMIA

Type II: Decreased sensitivity of insulin receptor to insulin-> less uptake of glucose->HYPERGLYCEMIA

REMEMBER the concept~Sugar Into The Cells~

Other types include Secondary Diabetes:

› Genetic defect beta cell or insulin› Disease of pancreas› Drug/chemical induced› Infections-pancreatitits

Gestational› overweight; risk

for Type 2

Type 1 – IDDM

LITTLE to NO Insulin

20-30% Hereditary

Ketoacidosis

Type 2– NIDDM

some insulin

produced

90% hereditary

Classic 3 P’s

Fatigue

Body Weakness

Weight Changes

Visual Changes

Slow Wound Healing/

Recurrent Skin infections

Laboratory Tests-> FBS/fasting

blood sugar >7.0 mmol/L

Family Hx diabetes

Race/Ethnicity

Age

Hypertension

Hyperlipidemia

Hx of Gestational Diabetes

Mellitus

Other signs and symptoms of

diabetes complications

Chronic

MACROVASCULAR Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease

MICROVASCULAR Retinopathy (vision)

problems Diabetic neuropathy Diabetic nephropathy Male erectile

dysfunction

Acute

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome

Hypoglycemia from too much insulin or too little glucose

Diabetes can be managed or controlled by:

Educating patient about diabetes Exercising regularly Eating a healthy well balanced diet Avoiding smoking (people with diabetes who smoke are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications). Avoid alcohol Pharmacologic Therapy

Type One: Insulin Injections given subcutaneously

Type Two: Oral Medication, such as Metformin

Hot + Dry = Sugar High

Cold n Clammy= Need Some Candy

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Treat:Treat: