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66 TH ADVANCED POSTGRADUATE COURSE DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER? FEBRUARY 23, 2019 Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH Director, Center for Prevention & Lifestyle Management Program Director, Internal Medicine/Preventive Medicine Residency Program, Griffin Hospital

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Page 1: DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR …...DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER? F E B R U A R Y 23 , 20 1 9 Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH Director, Center for Prevention &

6 6 T H A D V A N C E D P O S T G R A D U A T E C O U R S E

DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER?

F E B R U A R Y 2 3 , 2 0 1 9

Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPHDirector, Center for Prevention & Lifestyle ManagementProgram Director, Internal Medicine/Preventive Medicine Residency Program, Griffin Hospital

Page 2: DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR …...DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER? F E B R U A R Y 23 , 20 1 9 Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH Director, Center for Prevention &

In compliance with the accrediting board policies, the American Diabetes Association requires the following disclosure to the

participants:

Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH

Disclosed no conflict of interest.

PRESENTER DISCLOSURE INFORMATION

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01• Review the timeline of the National

Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP).

Background

03

02 Implementing the DPP

04

OUTLINE/LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Discuss considerations related to

offering/implementing the DPP.

• Discuss key steps and

considerations related to

referring to DPP Programs

Referring to the DPP

• Explore examples of approaches

that combined DPP

implementation and DPP referral

Combinations of Offering &

Referring to the DPP

Page 4: DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR …...DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER? F E B R U A R Y 23 , 20 1 9 Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH Director, Center for Prevention &

BACKGROUNDN D P P K E Y M I L E S TO N E S

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1996 2002

Decrease in diabetes

incidence (58% LCP

vs 31% Rx) over 3

yearsLandmark RCT

results published

TIMELINE Diabetes Prevention Program

NIH initiates RCT of

Lifestyle Program

versus Metformin to

decrease Type 2 DM

incidence

RCT Lifestyle vs

Rx

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GOOD NEWS: LIFESTYLE CHANGE WORKSCDC. Diabetes Infographics. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/socialmedia/infographics.html

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1996 2002

Decrease in diabetes

incidence (58% LCP vs 31%

Metformin) over 3 years

Landmark RCT results published

TIMELINE Diabetes Prevention Program

NIH initiates RCT:

Lifestyle Change Program

(LCP) versus Metformin

to decrease Type 2 DM

incidence

RCT Lifestyle vs

Rx

2008-

2013

DPP Translation Studies

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013

2008

Framework for the National DPP developed and key stakeholders convened

Initial National DPP framework and partner convening by the CDC

2009 2010 2012

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

2013

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013

2008

CDC funded the Y-USA to offer the

translated version of the DPP lifestyle

change program in a community setting in

Louisville, KY, and to expand to

communities across the country as part of

a staged roll-out plan

Translational Work: CDC and the Y-USA

2009

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

2010 2012 2013

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013

Congress authorizes the CDC to establish the National Diabetes Prevention Program

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

2008 2009 2010 2012 2013

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013 (Clinical Practice)

The 2010 American Diabetes Association

(ADA) standards of care for diabetes,

added hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as

diagnostic criteria for diabetes (≥6.5%) and

prediabetes (5.7–6.4%)

HbA1c criteria for DM and Prediabetes

2008 2009 2010 2012 2013

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2010. Diabetes Care 2010;33(Suppl. 1):S11–S61pmid:20042772

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013

• CDC developed first set of national

quality standards for the National

DPP

• CDC DPRP officially launched

CDC DIABETES PREVENTION RECOGNITION PROGRAM (DPRP)

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

2008 2009 2010 2012 2013

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013

• Evidence-based, year-

long curriculum

developed for use by

CDC-recognized

organizations

NDPP Curriculum

2012: DPPOS published 10-year follow-up to the DPP: long-term reduction of

Type 2 DM risk among participants (34% lifestyle vs 18% metformin)

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

2008 2009 2010 2012 2013

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TRANSLATION STUDIESTIMELINE: 2008-2013

2008

• YMCA and CMMI partnered for a 3-

year demonstration project to test

the impact of the DPP in 8000

seniors through a Health Care

Innovation Award

Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI)Project

2009 2010 2012 2013

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

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1996 2002

Decrease in diabetes

incidence (58% LCP

vs 31% Rx) over 3

years

Landmark RCT results published

TIMELINE Diabetes Prevention Program

NIH initiates RCT of

Lifestyle Program

versus Metformin to

decrease Type 2 DM

incidence

RCT Lifestyle vs

Rx

2008-

2012

DPP Translation Studies

2015-

2016

Dissemination and Advocacy

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DISSEMINATION AND ADVOCACY TIMELINE: 2015-2016

2015

CDC and the American Medical Association partnered to launch

the Prevent Diabetes STAT, “a guide to refer your patients with

prediabetes to an evidence-based diabetes prevention program”

Prevent Diabetes STAT – Screen, Test, Act - Today

2016

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

CDC DPRP Standards revised to allow virtual delivery

Medicaid Demonstration Project (Maryland and Oregon)

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DISSEMINATION AND ADVOCACYTIMELINE: 2015-2016

• The CDC, Ad Council, AMA, and

American Diabetes Association launch a

multi-year national prediabetes

awareness campaign

National Prediabetes Awareness Campaign

2016

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

HHS Secretary announced expansion of the NDPP into Medicare

Page 18: DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR …...DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER? F E B R U A R Y 23 , 20 1 9 Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH Director, Center for Prevention &

1996 2002

Decrease in diabetes

incidence (58% LCP

vs 31% Rx) over 3

years

Landmark RCT results published

TIMELINE Diabetes Prevention Program

NIH initiates RCT of

Lifestyle Program

versus Metformin to

decrease Type 2 DM

incidence

RCT Lifestyle vs

Rx

2008-

2012

DPP Translation Studies

2015-

2016

Dissemination and Advocacy

2017-

2018

Coverage

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COVERAGETIMELINE: 2017-2018

2017

For use by states, employers, and insurers to calculate diabetes burden,

estimate health and economic effects of the NDPP lifestyle change

program and implement impact

CDC NDPP tools and resources released

2018

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

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COVERAGETIMELINE: 2017-2018

2017

CMS rulemaking completed to establish the Medicare Diabetes Prevention Program

2018

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

NDPP lifestyle change program as a covered benefit for state and public employees in 12 states

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https://coveragetoolkit.org/participating-payers/

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COVERAGETIMELINE: 2017-2018

Initial CDC-recognized organizations enroll as Medicare suppliers of the DPP

2018

Adapted from Albright et al. “Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program” and CDC. National Diabetes Prevention Program

Coverage Toolkit https://coveragetoolkit.org/

2017

CDC DPRP standards revised to align with CMS MDPP model expansion

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https://coveragetoolkit.org/participating-payers/

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01• Review the timeline of the National

Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP).

Background

03

02 Implementing the DPP

04

OUTLINE/LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Discuss considerations related to

offering/implementing the DPP.

• Discuss key steps and

considerations related to

referring to DPP Programs

Referring to the DPP

• Explore examples of approaches

that combined DPP

implementation and DPP referral

Combinations of Offering &

Referring to the DPP

Page 25: DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR …...DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM: OFFER OR REFER? F E B R U A R Y 23 , 20 1 9 Victoria C. Costales, MD, MPH Director, Center for Prevention &

DPP IMPLEMENTATIONC O N S I D E R AT I O N S

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IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

Certification

Decreasing time between referral and enrollment

Participant/Class Retention

DPP Class Reimbursement

Engaging special populations/Addressing SDOH

1

5

3

2

4

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DIABETES PREVENTION RECOGNITION PROGRAM (DPRP)

DPP Implementation #1: Certification

1. Assures program quality, fidelity to scientific evidence and broad use of LCPs

2. Develop and maintain registry

3. Provide technical assistance to organizations

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program Standards and Operating Procedures. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/dprp-standards.pdf

DPRP KEY OBJECTIVES

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DPRP RESOURCESDPP

Implementation #1: Certification

A. Organizational Capacity Assessment

B. CDC Prediabetes Screening Test

C. Guidelines for Staff Eligibility, Roles, and Responsibilities; and Sample Position Descriptions

D. Description of the Data Submission and Evaluation Timeline with Examples

E. Using Data for Evaluation

F. DPRP Recommended Procedures for Measuring Weight

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program Standards and Operating Procedures. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/dprp-standards.pdf

GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS (APPENDICES)

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IS OFFERING THE DPP RIGHT FOR OUR ORGANIZATION?

ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENTCAPACITY TOPIC AREAS

DPP Implementation

Barriers & Solutions

1. DPRP Standards

2. Leadership & Staff Support

3. Staff

4. Staff Training

5. Evaluation Data Collection & Submission

6. Organization infrastructure

7. Eligible Participants

8. Recruitment and Enrollment

9. Sustainability

10. Tools and Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program Standards and Operating Procedures. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/dprp-standards.pdf

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KEY STEP: STAFFING

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Staffing and Training. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/lifestyle-program/staffing-training.html

DPP Implementation #1: Certification

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KEY STEP: STAFF TRAININGLIFESTYLE CHANGE PROGRAM AND MASTER TRAINING

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Staffing and Training. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/lifestyle-program/staffing-training.html

DPP Implementation #1: Certification

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IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

Certification

Decreasing time between referral and enrollment

Participant/Class Retention

DPP Class Reimbursement

Engaging special populations/Addressing SDOH

1

5

3

2

4

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DECREASING TIME BETWEEN REFERRAL AND ENROLLMENT

➢Enrollment: Patients who started within 2 months of the referral date were enrolled more often (54.4%) than patients who waited 4 or more months (21%) (Chambers 2017)

➢Attendance: a short interval between referral to scheduling was a strong predictor of whether a patient attended 3 or more classes (Rehm 2017) (YMCA-Montefiore Health System partnership)

1. Flexible staffing model that allow for ongoing engagement with referred patients (Rehm 2017)

2. Training additional health staff as DPP coaches (Rehm 2017)

3. Dedicated staff persons (clinical and social work) (Carroll 2015)

4. Increase number of sessions (times and locations) (Chambers 2017)

WAYS TO IMPROVE/POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Chambers et al 2017; Rehm et al 2017; Carroll et al 2015; Hudspeth 2018; Kirley 2018

DPP Implementation

Consideration #2

CHALLENGE/WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

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5. INVOLVE OTHER OTHER HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

DPP Implementation

Possible Solutions

Hudspeth 2018

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NDPP THROUGH OTHER HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

PHARMACISTS

➢Expertise and track record in prevention: PharmDs already in healthcare teams of patient-centered medical homes, providing immunizations, ensuring medication adherence, and assisting in tobacco cessation

➢Ubiquitous and local: 67,000 community pharmacies in the United states with food-store pharmacies comprising 10% of community pharmacies

➢Frequent contact with patients: Millions visit a community pharmacy weekly and pharmacists have multiple daily encounters with individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

➢Expertise in handling personal health information

DPP Implementation

Possible Solutions

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6. NDPP DIGITAL DELIVERYDPP

Implementation Possible

Solutions

Kirley 2018

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TWO CDC-RECOGNIZED COMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL DPP

PROVIDERS

➢Omada Health Inc and Noom

➢Asynchronous curriculum

➢Digital self-monitoring tools (e.g. smart scales and wearables)

➢Personalized health coaching and group support via messaging

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NDPP DIGITAL DELIVERYCOMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL PROGRAMS EVIDENCE

DPP Implementation

Consideration #2

Kirley and Sachdev 2018. Digital Health–Supported Lifestyle Change Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes https://doi.org/10.2337/ds18-0019

Gaps in evidence and implementation: - program effectiveness and

implementation best practices in priority populations

- guidance for clinicians seeking to determine the best patient-type of NDPP match.

OMADA HEALTH INC

➢3-year single arm trial: 4.7% avgweight loss at 1 year and 3% at 3 years

➢Single-arm retrospective analysis of 500 Medicare-age adults with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome: mean 7.5% weight loss at 1 year for 86% of participants

➢Pilot study of 43 employees: 83% completed the program; 7.5% body weight loss at 6 months

NOOM

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IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

Certification

Decreasing time between referral and enrollment

Participant/Class Retention

DPP Class Reimbursement

Engaging special populations/Addressing SDOH

1

5

3

2

4

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PARTICIPANT RETENTIONWHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3

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➢Participant-level results from the first 4 years of NDPP implementation

➢Median weight loss of ≥5% weight loss was generally achieved by participants who attended at least 17 sessions

➢Median weight loss: 6% (≥ 17 sessions attended and remained in the program in months 7-12) versus 1.9% (2-16 sessions attended and remained in the program months 1-6 only)

➢Median physical activity minutes increased with number of sessions attended

➢Those attending ≥18 sessions generally achieved the physical activity goal of 150 minutes per week

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3

PARTICIPANT RETENTIONWHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

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PARTICIPANT RETENTION

WAYS TO IMPROVE/POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

1. Use EHR to capture patient barriers to enrollment and attendance in structured data fields (Rehm 2017)

2. Assess the impact of incentives (Rehm 2017)

3. Dedicated team member focused on retention with adequate allotted time (Carroll 2015)

4. Proactive plan to address transportation (Carroll 2015)

Carroll 2015; Rehm 2017; Ritchie 2018 “Presessions to the National Diabetes Prevention Program May be a Promising Strategy to Improve Attendance and Weight Loss Outcomes “

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3

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5. PRESESSIONS/INFO SESSIONS

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3 Retention

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DPP Implementation

Consideration #3 Retention

5. PRESESSIONS/INFO SESSIONS

➢Setting: Safety net health-care system providing the NDPP

➢“Presessions”: 1-hour Group-based meetings led by NDPP coaches held 1 to 3 weeks prior to new NDPP classes, focused on (1) education on diabetes risks, (2) motivational interviewing to participate in the NDPP, and (3) problem-solving around barriers to engagement.

➢Higher attendance: Presession participants attended more sessions (49.3% vs 35.0%; P < .001) and stayed in the program longer (196.3 vs 96.5 days; P < .001) on average than participants who were not offered a presession.

➢Greater weight loss: Presession participants achieved more weight loss (3.4% vs 1.5%; P < .001) and were over 3 times more likely to achieve ≥5% weight loss (odds ratio 3.5, P < .001, 95% confidence interval [2.1- 6.1]).

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POSSIBLE REASONS WHY PRESESSIONS IMPROVE NDPP

OUTCOMES

➢increasing perceived risk

➢enhancing readiness for change and self-efficacy

➢ helping to cope with potential barriers

➢Screening/identifying highly motivated individuals, thereby improving program efficiency.

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3 Retention

Ritchie, ND, Kaufmann PG, Gritz, RM, Saunder, KA, Holstrop JS. Presessions to the National Diabetes Prevention Program May be a Promising Strategy to Improve Attendance and Weight Loss Outcomes. Am J Health Promot. 2018 Jan 1:890117118786195. doi: 10.1177/0890117118786195.

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PARTICIPANT RETENTIONA COMPLEX, COMPLICATED PROCESS

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3

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PARTICIPANT RETENTIONA COMPLEX, COMPLICATED PROCESS

DPP Implementation

Consideration #3

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IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

Certification

Decreasing time between referral and enrollment

Participant/Class Retention

DPP Class Reimbursement

Engaging special populations/Addressing SDOH

1

5

3

2

4

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DPP CLASS REIMBURSEMENT

➢NDPP outcomes are disparate for racial/ethnic minority participants and low-income non-Hispanic whites (Ely 2017, Ritchie 2018a, Ritchie 2018b)

➢** CMS noted that they “may consider proposing additional payment policies for the MDPP expanded model in the future”(Ritchie 2018c)

➢Opportunity for the Quadruple Aim/ensure access and sustainability (Ritchie 2018c)

1. Create in-house reimbursement for patients in risk-based and/or capitated contracts (Rehm 2017)

2. Revise payment methodology to account for social risk factors and demographic differences in outcomes (risk adjusted model) and offer higher performance-based payments to help eliminate disparities (Ritchie 2018)

3. Analyze, document, and disseminate the costs associated with DPP implementation and to advocate for appropriate reimbursement (Parsons 2018)

WAYS TO IMPROVE/POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

DPP Implementation

Consideration #4

CHALLENGE/WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

Ely 2017, Ritchie 2018a “Rethinking the National Diabetes Prevention Program for low-income whites”; Ritchie 2018b Effect of the National Diabetes Prevention on weight loss for English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos”; Parsons 2018; Ritchie 2018c “New Medicare Diabetes Prevention Coverage May Limit Beneficiary Access and Widen Health Disparities “

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IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

Certification

Decreasing time between referral and enrollment

Participant/Class Retention

DPP Class Reimbursement

Engaging special populations/Addressing SDOH

1

5

3

2

4

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1. NDPP OUTCOMES DISPARITIESNON-HISPANIC WHITES BY INCOME STATUS

DPP Implementation

Consideration #5 SDOH

NHWs NDPP completed: low-income participants achieved only 25% of the weight loss of their higher- income counterparts’

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2. PREDIABETES AND FOOD INSECURITY/SDOH

DPP Implementation

Consideration #5 SDOH

NHANES 2005-2014: Those with prediabetes were 39% more likely to be food insecure than individuals without diabetes

Walker et al 2018 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-018-4651-z

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PREDIABETES AND FOOD INSECURITY/SDOH

DPP Implementation

NHANES 2005-2014: Compared to participants with full/marginal food security, participants with low/very low food security were 1.35 times more likely to have prediabetesWalker et al 2018 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-018-4651-z

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Chambers 2017, Ritchie 2018. “Rethinking he National Diabetes Prevention Program for Low-Income Whites”; Polak 2018; Seligman 2018; Walker 2018; Wright 2018

DPP Implementation

Consideration #5

ENGAGING SPECIAL POPULATIONS/ADDRESSING

SDOH

1. Cultural tailoring (Chambers 2017, Ritchie 2018)

2. Identify/Screen for diabetes and prediabetes in areas with high food insecurity (Seligman 2018, Wright 2018)

3. Partner with hospital systems and other organizations to increase access to resources like food banks and recreation centers (Ritchie 2018, Wright 2018)

4. Low-income adaptations of the NDPP should be developed and tested, e.g. nutrition label reading and skills-based training in food preparation on a budget (Polak 2018, Ritchie 2018, Walker 2018)

WAYS TO IMPROVE/POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

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01• Review the timeline of the National

Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP).

Background

03

02 Implementing the DPP

04

OUTLINE/LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Discuss considerations related to

offering/implementing the DPP.

• Discuss key steps and

considerations related to

referring to DPP Programs

Referring to the DPP

• Explore examples of approaches

that combined DPP

implementation and DPP referral

Combinations of Offering &

Referring to the DPP

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DPP REFERRALK E Y S T E P S A N D OT H E R C O N S I D E R AT I O N S

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KEY STEPS FOR DPP REFERRALS

1. Identify a clinical champion, engage organizational leadership as appropriate, and form a working group

DPP Referral

Jasik, C. B., Joy, E., Brunisholz, K. D., & Kirley, K. (2018). Practical Tips for Implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in Clinical Practice. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1034-0

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CLINICAL PROTOCOL FOR SCREENING

1. Identify a clinical champion, engage organizational leadership as appropriate, and form a working group

2. Create a clinical protocol for screening and referrals

DPP Referral: Key Step #2

Jasik, C. B., Joy, E., Brunisholz, K. D., & Kirley, K. (2018). Practical Tips for Implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in Clinical Practice. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1034-0

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CLINICAL PROTOCOL FOR SCREENING AND REFERRAL

OPTIONS

DPP Referral: Key Step #2

REFERRALS DURING CLINIC VISITS

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Medical Association. Preventing Type 2 Diabetes: A guide to refer your patients with prediabetes to an evidence-based prevention program (Prevent Diabetes STAT toolkit). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/stat_toolkit.pdf

LEVERAGE EHR OR POP HEALTH DATA

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COMBINATION APPROACH~ RETROSPECTIVE + POINT-OF-CARE: PRE-VISIT

PLANNING

DPP Referral: Key Step #2

Another workflow

option

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Medical Association. Preventing Type 2 Diabetes: A guide to refer your patients with prediabetes to an evidence-based prevention program (Prevent Diabetes STAT toolkit). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/stat_toolkit.pdf

+

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COMBINATION APPROACHUTILIZING OUR PRACTICE TOOL: PREVISIT PLANNING FORM

*Web-based previsit

planning form

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COMBINATION APPROACHUTILIZING OUR PRACTICE TOOL: PREVISIT PLANNING FORM

*Web-based previsit

planning form

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PROVIDER SCREENING AND REFERRAL OF PATIENTS FOR

PREDIABETES

Author/Year # of Providers or Patients

% screened patients for prediabetes using a risk test

% patients referred to a DPP or % providers who made DPP referrals

Schmittdiel 2014 368,053 patients with incident prediabetes

- <5%

Tseng 2017 155 Primary Care Providers**

- 11%

Nhim 2018 1,256 Primary Care Providers

27% 23%

Why Key Steps #1 and

#2

** 6% correctly identified the risk factors for prediabetes17% correctly identified the prediabetes diagnostic criteria (FBG & HbA1c)90% reported close follow-up of patients with prediabetes

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CLOSED-LOOP REFERRALDPP Referral

Key Step 2 Solution/Best

Practice

DPP Providers

Primary Care Providers

(PCPs)

Patients and the Community

Refer Patients & nurture partnership

Periodic patient updates to referring providers

Encourage/ Reinforce lifestyle change and progress during PCP visits

Provide feedback

Logging, Regular Physical Activity, & healthy nutrition

Adapted from Griffin Hospital Center for Prevention and Lifestyle Management Figure; Ritchie 2016; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment 2015; Rehm 2017; Oregon Health Authority 2018; Jasik 2018

Closed-looped referral: Regular updates about the status of their patients in the DPP would be an important lever for ensuring future referrals from PCPs (Rehm 2017, Colorado DPH, Oregon Health Authority)

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CLOSED-LOOP REFERRALDPP Referral

Key Step 2 Solution/Best

Practice

DPP Providers

Primary Care Providers

(PCPs)

Patients and the Community

Refer Patients & nurture partnership

Periodic patient updates to referring providers

Encourage/ Reinforce lifestyle change and progress during PCP visits

Provide feedback

Logging, Regular Physical Activity, & healthy nutrition

Adapted from Griffin Hospital Center for Prevention and Lifestyle Management Figure; Ritchie 2016; Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment 2015; Rehm 2017; Oregon Health Authority 2018; Jasik 2018

Collaborative approach: Traditional doctor-patient treatment model is augmented by other professionals. PCPs help establish and reinforce patient participation in NDPP as a treatment priority. (Ritchie 2016)

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50% OF PEOPLE REFERRED BY PRIMARY CARE ENROLL IN THE DPP

Why Key Steps #1 and

2

Compared to 10% enrollment among those who did not have a PCP referral

Oregon Health Authority. (2018). Implementing Comprehensive Diabetes Prevention Programs; A Guide for CCOs. Retrieved from

https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/DISEASESCONDITIONS/CHRONICDISEASE/DIABETES/Documents/Diabetes_Prevention_Program_Guide_for_CCOs.pdf

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KEY STEPS FOR DPP REFERRALS

1. Identify a clinical champion, engage organizational leadership as appropriate, and form a working group

2. Create a clinical protocol for screening and referrals

3. Find a local DPP for referral

• Clarify insurance options

• Review data exchange for referrals and patient progress

DPP Referral: Key Step #3

Jasik, C. B., Joy, E., Brunisholz, K. D., & Kirley, K. (2018). Practical Tips for Implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in Clinical Practice. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1034-0

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KEY STEPS FOR DPP REFERRALS

DPP Referral: Key Step #3

Jasik, C. B., Joy, E., Brunisholz, K. D., & Kirley, K. (2018). Practical Tips for Implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in Clinical Practice. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1034-0

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KEY STEPS FOR DPP REFERRALS

1. Identify a clinical champion, engage organizational leadership as appropriate, and form a working group

2. Create a clinical protocol for screening and referrals

3. Find a local DPP for referral

➢Clarify insurance options

➢Review data exchange for referrals and patient progress

4. Engage clinical staff through education

➢Define roles and responsibilities in the workflow

➢Conduct trainings and provide DPP reference information

DPP Referral: Key Step #4

Adapted from Jasik, C. B., Joy, E., Brunisholz, K. D., & Kirley, K. (2018). Practical Tips for Implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in Clinical Practice. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1034-0

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DPP Referral: Engage

Clinical Staff through

education

REFERENCE SHEETFOR STAFF/PROVIDERS

➢Determine cost for patients depending on insurance status

➢Utilize in-house HbA1c system

Costales, VC.ACPM National Diabetes Prevention Program Demonstration Projects: Independent Practice Associations. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.acpm.org/resource/resmgr/dpp_webinar_1_final_slide_de.pdf

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KEY STEPS FOR DPP REFERRALS

DPP Referral: Key Step #4

5. Develop outreach materials (handouts and referral cards)

6. Choose a “go-live” date and collect implementation and health outcomes data to assess progress.

Adapted from Jasik, C. B., Joy, E., Brunisholz, K. D., & Kirley, K. (2018). Practical Tips for Implementing the Diabetes Prevention Program in Clinical Practice. Current Diabetes Reports, 18(9). doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1034-0

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01• Review the Diabetes Prevention

Program thus far/where we stand as

of early 2019.

Background

03

02 DPP: Offer/Implement

04

OUTLINE/LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Discuss considerations related to

offering/implementing the DPP

(barriers, what works/facilitators,

and other considerations)

• Discuss considerations related to

referring to DPP Programs

(barriers, what works/facilitators,

and other considerations)

DPP: Refer

• Explore examples of approaches

that combined DPP

implementation and DPP referral

(advantages/opportunities)

Refer and Offer Combination

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DPP OFFER AND REFER COMBINATION APPROACHES

E X A M P L E S

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COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP MODEL TO IN-SYSTEM DPP

IMPLEMENTATION

Combination Approaches: Montefiore and YMCA

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https://www.acpm.org/dpp

Adapted from Albright, Ann. “Past, Present, and Future of the National Diabetes Prevention Program.” Panel Discussion: Prediabetes: Real World Implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program. Retrieved from: https://professional.diabetes.org/sites/professional.diabetes.org/files/media/albright_panel_discussion_prediabetes_0.pdf

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4

3

2

1Awareness• Train and support Providers/Staff• Educate and inspire patients and

the community

GFP DPPDemoProject

A. HIGH LEVEL PROCESSESCombination

Approach: Griffin

Hospital CPLM

Screening• Incorporate

Prediabetes screening criteria in the PrevisitPlanning Form

Testing• Test HbA1c

during the visit

Referral• Utilize

Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

* Goal: Quadruple Aim

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➢Umbrella for all the prevention, lifestyle and wellness initiatives of Griffin Hospital

➢2016-2018: Academic Administrative Unit of the Department of Preventive Medicine

➢HRSA Funding (Integrative Medicine and Population health)

CENTER FOR PREVENTION AND LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT (CPLM)

Griffin HospitalLifestyle Programs

Providers/GFP & Community PCPs

Patients and Families(our community)

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WHAT WE ARE ALL INVOLVED IN..

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Prevention Program: working together to prevent type 2 diabetes. Available from www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/ndpp_infographic.pdf

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BECAUSE WE KNOW WHAT’S AT STAKE..

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Prevention Program: working together to prevent type 2 diabetes. Available from www.cdc.gov/diabetes/prevention/pdf/ndpp_infographic.pdf

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Let us all continue to partner and work together: Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much. – Helen Keller

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THANK YOU VERY MUCHVictoria C. Costales, MD, MPH

[email protected]