Diabetic Retinopathy Cause:Retinal blood vessel complication

r/t poor glucose controlMicroaneurysmsS & S: vision lossTreatment

-preventative with glucose control -Laser therapy

-Vitrectomy performed if frequent bleeding into the

vitreous occurs

Keratoconjunctivitis SiccaDry Eye Syndrome- results from

- changes in tear composition -lacrimal gland malfunction - altered tear distribution

Treatment: artificial tears - lubricating ointment

Surgery: punctal occluders

Corneal DisordersChanges in corneal structure,

infectious agents

Goal: reduce symptoms-enhance patient’s ability to use

remaining vision Treatment:

-antibiotics- antifungals- antivirals- steroids

Refractory ErrorsMyopia—nearsightedness

Hyperopia—farsightedness

Presbyopia—age-related problem in which lens loses its elasticity

Astigmatism—curve of the cornea is uneven

TREATMENT: corrective lenses

Surgery for Treatment of Refractive Errors

Laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Intact corneal ring

Lasik video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-YkzgfgN2k

Collaborative Care/Nursing Interventions for Patients with Reduced Vision

Communication regarding use of adaptive items

Safety in familiar settings

Ambulation assisted with care

Self-care and independence promoted

Support for the difficulty of adapting to loss of sight

NURSING DIAGNOSES FOR VISUAL ALTERATIONS

Fear related to sensory impairment, loss of eyesight, or scheduled procedure

Risk for injury related to decreased vision

Self-Care Deficit related to perceptual impairment