diagnostic aids in endodontics abhi

8/13/2019 Diagnostic Aids in Endodontics Abhi

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Good morning


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Good morning

Diagnostic aids inendodontics


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ontents

Introduction

Case historyClinical examinationDiagnostic tests

Visual and tactile inspectionPalpation

PercussionMobility and depressibility testElectric pulp testingThermal test Anesthetic test

Test cavityTransilluminationStainingWedgingRadiographs


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Advances

Xeroradiography RVG Digital subtraction radiography TACT Pulse oximetry LDF Liquid cholesterol method Infrared thermography (Hughes Probeye camera) Computed tomography MRI

Referencesconclusion


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INTRODUCTION


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Diagnosis can be defined as :

The translation of data gathered by clinical andRadiographic examination in to an organized,classified definition of the conditions present

.


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Diagnostic sequence Demographic information with respect to name, age, sex etc

Chief complaint and history of present illness

Medical and dental history

Clinical examination

Radiographic findings

Other tests, laboratory values or consultations if required

Provisional diagnosis / diagnosis

Treatment plan


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Presenting Symptoms;Subjective symptomsObjective symptoms

Pathway to correct clinical diagnosis;Case historyClinical examination

Diagnostic tests \ investigations


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Dental historyPAIN:

Type of painDuration of painLocalization of pain


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Clinical examination:

Extraoral examinationIntraoral examination

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS :

visual & tactile inspection :-soft tissue:colourcontourconsistency

Hard tissue:ColourContourconsistency

Palpation :-

Percussion :-


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Mobility and depressibility test:as c lassified by:

Grossman & Cohen Miller


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AdvantagesComfortable for patientsDigital display

DisadvantagesInterferes with cardiac pacemakersTeeth with immature apex

Recently traumatized teethNo indication about vascular supply

Electric pulp testing (EPT)


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Pulp tester classification:MonopolarBipolar

False positive response

False negative response


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Commercially available pulp testers Digilog pulp tester Parkell pulp tester

Analytic technique tester Pelton crane system Greenwood pulp tester Neosono ultima EZ-apex locator + pulp tester


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Thermal testsHeat test-

Warm stick temporary stoppingHot water bathHot airHot burnisher

Cold test-Ice sticks

Compressed gasesCO2 snowEthyl chloride


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Anesthetic testing:

Test cavity

Transillumination:


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Staining

Wedging

Radiography


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Advances

Xeroradiography -Based on electrostatic process

Types:Medical 125 systemDental 110 system


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Radiovisiography3 components of RVG

AdvantagesElimination of x-ray film

Reduction in exposure time

Instant image display


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Digital subtraction radiography

Can detect 0.12 mm change in thickness of cortical bone

Useful in:

Evaluating osseous healing Accurate detection of active disease


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TACT

consists of:

Standard radiographic unit Digital image acquisition device TACT software

Usesvisualization of canals

Detection of secondary cariesDiagnosis of external root resorption


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Probe sensor consists of:Two LED red light ( 640 nm) infrared light (960 nm)

Photo detector

Avg value O 2saturation 94% ( tooth ) PR = 72 / min

Pulse oximetry


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Laser Doppler flowmetry

Used to assess blood flow

HeNe or diode lasers used


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Liquid cholesteric crystal method

Introduced by Howell (1970)inference

Vital Non Vital

blue-green red

Red-green yellow

green yellow-red


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Infrared Thermography(Hughes probeye camera)

Can detect temperature changes assmall as 0.1 0 C .

Consists of :

Thermal video system

Silicon close-up lens


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Spiral CT


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Micro CT


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Magnetic resonance imaging


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Disadvantages:

Long imaging time.

Potential hazard imposed by the presence of ferromagneticmetals in the vicinity of the imaging magnet.

Advantages of MRI

It offers the best resolution of tissues of

low inherent contrast. No ionizing radiation is involved with MRI

Direct multiplanar image is possible without

reorienting the patient.


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References

1. Pulse oximetry as a diagnostic tool of pulp vitality .JOE,1991vol 17 ,488-90

2. Pulpal blood flow assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in a toowith horizontal root fracture. Oral surgery oral med oral path,fe1996,vol 81, 229-33

3. Three dimensional quantization of periradicular bone destructioby micro-computed tomography. JOE,2003 vol 29 , 252-56


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Conclusion


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diagnostic aids in endodontics abhi

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