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INTRODUCTION

In mineralogy, diamond is theallotrope of carbon where the carbonatoms are arranged in an isometric-hex octahedral crystal lattice.

Diamond derives its name from the ancient Greek (adamas) whichmeans as "invincible", "untamed", "to overpower, to tame.

A diamond is the hardest substance known to humankind, and ismade of a crystallized CARBON that has unique powers of lightreflection.

Since diamonds are composed of a single element, they are thepurest of all gemstones.

Diamonds dazzle and delight - the eternal sparkling symbol of love

and eternity.


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SOURCE OF DIAMONDS


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India led the world in diamondproduction from the time of theirdiscovery in approximately the 9thcentury BCE to the mid-18th centuryAD.

Diamond production of primarydeposits only started in the 1870safter the discovery of the diamondfields in South Africa; which nowconstitutes of 49% of world diamondsorigination.

Top Diamond mining countries arealso located in Botswana, Namibia,Canada, Zimbabwe, Angola, andRussia.

MINING INDUSTRY


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In 2005, Russia produced almost one-fifth of theglobal diamond output, reports the BritishGeological Survey. Australia boasts the richest

diamondiferous pipe with production reachingpeak levels of 42 metric tons per year in the1990s.

Diamond prospectors continue to search theglobe for diamond-bearing kimberlite andlamproite pipes.

MINING INDUSTRY


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Diamond industry can be broadly separated into two basically distinct

categories:Gem-grade diamonds

92% of diamond pieces cut in 2003 were in Surat, Gujarat, India.Other important centers of diamond cutting and trading areAntwerp.

De Beers owns or controls a significant portion of the world'srough diamond production facilities and distribution channels forgem-quality diamonds.

DIAMOND INDUSTRY


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Industrial-grade diamonds80% of mined diamonds (equal to about 100 million carats or20,000 kg annually), unsuitable for use as gemstones are destinedfor industrial use.Dominant industrial use of diamond is in cutting, drilling,grinding, and polishing.Also used in scientific experiments.

DIAMOND INDUSTRY


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In order to deal effectively with R oughdiamonds, one should be well educated in theidentification and evaluation of the cut and polisheddiamonds. A good working knowledge of diamondsin their natural form, known as roughs & is verydesirable.

ROUGH DIAMONDS
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diamonds

The

CC

CC

4 CsOf

4 Cs OF POLISHED DIAMOND The dispersion of white light into spectral colors, is the primarygemological characteristic of gem diamonds.

In selecting a diamond, the rarity, value and beauty is determined by the fourfactors mentioned here, called as:

arat

larity

olor

ut
http://www.bluenile.com/diamond_shapes.asphttp://www.4loosediamond.com/catalog/round-cut-diamonds.html


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Carat weight refers only to the weight of the diamondsand not to the dimensions of a diamond.

CARAT WEIGHT

C arat weight is the unit of weight measurementused for diamonds and other gemstones.

1 carat = 100 cents / 0.200gms / 200 milligram

0.075 - 0.02cts diamonds are known as STAR0.02cts 0.07cts diamonds are termed as MELEE0.07- 0.13cts diamonds are termed as +11 -140.14 and above are termed as Pointer


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CARAT WEIGHT

0.10cts 3.05 mm

0.25cts

0.33cts

0.50 cts

0.75cts

1.00cts

4.10 mm

4.50 mm

5.20 mm

5.80 mm

6.50 mm

*Not in scale a relative comparison
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S ieves are used to sort the similarsize of diamonds from a mix lot ofsizes. The metal sieve plates has aspecified mm sizes of mesh holesdrilled in it through which the

diamonds, may or may not, pass.

The Sieve sizes starts from:

000 = 1.00 mm00 = 1.05 mm = 0.05 cts0 = 1.10 mm1 = 1.15 mm1.5 = 1.20 mm ,and goes on to----------

20 = 4.5 mm = 0.33cts (33 pointer)

DIMENSIONS


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Clarity is the occurrence of inclusions, small crystallinefractures or irregular crystal growth, or the lack of them insidethe diamond.

Clarity grading is done using a binocular microscopeunder 10X corrected magnification.

CLARITY
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FLAWLESS IF / FL

Very Very Slight Inclusions VVS1 , VVS2

Very Slight Inclusions VS1 , VS2

Slight Inclusions S1 , S2

Imperfect I1 , I2 , I3

CLARITY


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COLOUR

C o l o u r is the amount of body colour inthe diamond. The clearer adiamond, the more value able itis. Colorless D on the colorscale is the most value ablebecause it has the most clarity.However, when a diamond isgraded as a fancy colour, thevalue increases due to the rarityof the diamond.

C o l o u r sometimes refer as canaryyellow diamonds.


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GIA COLOUR GRADING

ColourlessD,E,F

G, H, I, J

K, L, M

N, O, P, Q, R

S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Fancy Light, Fancy, Intense

Near Colourless

Faint Yellow

Very Light Yellow

Light Yellow

Fancy Yellow


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Colour Comparison

It is not very much

possible every time, evenfor an expert, to say theexact color of the diamond

unless and until it iscompared with other

diamonds.

M- O COLOR

E- G COLOR

Fancy Intense Yellow


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Each of the diamond's facets must be placed in exact geometric relation toone another when the stone is being cut. Quality diamonds must be properlycut and not "spread", which means that the proper proportions arecompromised to make the diamond weigh more.

CUT

The Cut is the factor thatdetermines the brillianceof a diamond. A classicround brilliant cutdiamond has 58 facets :

33 on the top 24 on the bottom And the culet (1 point at

the bottom).


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To understand the sub-categories for well-cut diamonds, think of a pyramid with"Ideal" at the top.This narrow range is reserved for the most brilliant, rare and valuable diamonds.The "Excellent" range includes beautiful diamonds that return almost as much light."Very Good" represents the balance between precise proportions and priceconsiderations.

Analyzing Cut

CUT


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DeepCutNail-Head

Strong Cut

Shallow DiamondFish-Eye

PalchaDiamond

Well-Cut

Perfect Cut

Ideal-Cut

EFFECTS OF CUT


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Culet

CULET

Balance, Brilliance, Dispersion, and Scintillation

PAVILLION

GIRDLE

CROWN

Provide a Setting Edge for the gem

Reflect light back up through the crown

Prevent Chipping at the tip

ROLE OF FACETS


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Fancy shapes are lessexpensive than Rounds.There is one quality whichcan affect the cost of a FancyShape yet never appear on aCertificate, and that is "Shape

Appeal".

FANCY SHAPES

S hape has an appealinglook to it. The best way to judge shape appeal is to lookat the stone's girdle outlinewithout a Loupe, and decideif it's attractive

You don't need to be agemologist to know if a Heart


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COST

The combination of the 4Cs. The availability of diamonds

in the market. The choices you make about

the combinations of quality /4 Cs, finally determines thecost to you, & to theconsumer.

To calculate the price of a diamond -- multiply the carat weight by theprice/carat. For example : if a 1.25 carat diamond was priced atRs.40,000 per/carat the diamond would be sold for Rs. 50,000.

The cost of a diamond

is determined by :
http://www.priceofdiamonds.org/uploaded_images/cost-of-wholesale-diamonds-702237.jpg


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THANK YOU

Conclusion

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