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Smith, D., 2000, Insights into the evolution of the uppermost continental mantle

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Smith, D. and Riter, A.J.C., 1997 Genesis and evolution of low-Al orthopyroxene

in spinel peridotite xenoliths, Grand Canyon field, Arizona, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 127, p. 391-404.

Smith, D., Riter, A.J.C., Mertzman, S.A., 1999, Erratum to “Water-rock

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Wang, L., Essene, E.J., Zhang, Y, 1999, Mineral inclusions in pyrope crystals from Garnet Ridge, Arizona, USA: implications for processes in the upper mantle: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 135: p. 164-178.

Relevant Geophysical-Tectonic Studies Bank C., Noblett J., Kroeger G., Semken S. 2007. Geophysical investigations of

Ship Rock and Thumb igneous centers, New Mexico. 20th Annual Keck Symposium, 62-66.

Crowe, B.M., Fisher, V.F., 1973, Sedimentary structures in base-surge deposits

with special reference to cross-bedding, ubehebe craters, Death Valley, Californis: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 663-682.

Halmer, M.M,. Schmincke, H.U., and Graf, H.F., 2002, The annual volcanic gas

input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: A global data set for the past 100 years, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 115, p. 511-528.

Hawkins, D.P., and Wiebe, R.A., 2004, Discrete stoping events in granite

plutons: a signature of eruptions from silicic magma chambers? Geology, v. 32, p. 1021-1024.

Marsh, B., 2004, A magmatic mush column Rosetta stone: the McMurdo Dry

Valleys of Antarctica, Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 85, p. 497-508.

McSween, H.Y., et al., 2004, Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit rover in Gusev

Crater, Science, v. 305, p. 842-845. Oldow, J.S., Bally, A.W., Avé Lallemant, H.G., and Leeman, W.P., 1989,

Phanerozoic evolution of the North American Cordillera, United States and Canada, in: Bally, A.W., and Palmer, A.R., eds., The geology of North America: an overview, Decade of North American Geology, volume A, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, p. 1-15.

Schmincke, H.U., Fisher, R.V., Waters, A.C., 1973, Antidune and chute and pool

structures in the base surge deposits of the Laacher See area, Germany: Sedimentology, v. 20, p. 553-574.

Self, S., Sparks, R.S.J., 1978, Characteristics of widespread pyroclastic deposits

formed by the interaction of silicic magma and water: Bull. Volcanol., v. 41-3, p. 197-210.

Sparks, R.S.J., Sigurdsson, H., Carey, S.N., 1980, The entrance of pyroclastic flows into the sea, 1. Oceanographic and geologic evidence from Dominica, Lesser Antilles: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, p. 87-96.

Sparks, R.S.J., Walker, G.P.L, 1973, The ground surge deposit: a third type of

pyroclastic rock: Nature Physical Science, v. 241, p. 62-64. Tatsumi, Y., 2005, The subduction factory-- how it operates in the evolving Earth,

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Geological Sciences, v. 49, p. 616-630. Walker, G.P.L., 1984, Characteristics of dune-bedded pyroclastic surge bed sets:

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 20, p. 281-296. Walker, G.P.L., 1979, A volcanic ash generated by explosions where ignimbrite

entered the sea, Nature Vol. 287, n. 25 ,p. 642-646. Walker, G.P.L., 1987, Characteristics of two phreatoplinian ashes, and their

water-flushed origin: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 9, p. 395-407.

San Juan Volcanic Field Geochemistry Acero, P., Cama, J., and Ayora, C., 2007, Kinetics of chalcopyrite dissolution at

pH3: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 19, n. 2, p.173-182. Casadevall, Thomas, and Ohmoto, H., 1977, Sunnyside mine, Eureka mining

district, San Juan County, Colorado— Geochemistry of gold and base metal ore deposition in a volcanic environment: Economic Geology, v. 92, p. 1285-1320.

Fisher, F.S., and Leedy, W.P., 1973, Geochemical characteristics of mineralized

breccia pipes in the Red Mountain district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, B 1381, 43 p.

Irvine, T.N., and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of

the common volcanic rocks: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 8, p. 523-548.

Johnson, M.C., and Rutherford, M.J., 1989, Experimentally determined conditions in the Fish Canyon Tuff, Colorado, magma chamber: Journal of Petrology, v. 30, p. 711-737.

LeBas, M.J., LeMaitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., and Zanettin, B., 1986, A chemical

classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali silica diagram: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 745-750.

Lipman, P.W., 2007 Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of

Cordilleran magma chambers: Evidence from the southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field: Geosphere, v. 3, n.1, p. 42-70.

Parat, F., Dungan, M.A., Lipman, P.W., 2005, Contemporaneous trachyandesitic

and calc-alkaline volcanism of the Huerto Andesite, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado, USA: Journal of Petrology, v.46, n.5, p.859-891.

Ringrose, C.R., 1982, Geology, geochemistry, and stable isotope studies of a

porphyry-style hydrothermal system, west Silverton district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Aberdeen, Scotland, University of Aberdeen Ph. D. dissertation, 257 p., 19 plates.

Geochronology

Gulbransen, C.A., Miggins, D.P., Wendlandt, R.F., 2005, Geochronologic

determination and petrogenetic characterization of selected units in the Trickle Mountain area of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America, v.37, n.7, p.358-359.

Lanphere, M.A., 1988, High resolution 40Ar/39Ar chronology of Oligocene volcanic

rocks, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, p. 1425-1434.

Lillesve, C., 2005, Geochronologic determination and petrogenetic

characterization of selected units in the Trickle Mountain area of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Golden, CO, M.S. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 266 p.

Lipman, P.W., Steven, T.A., and Mehnert, H.H., 1970, Volcanic history of the San

Juan mountains, Colorado, as indicated by potassium-argon dating: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2329-2351.

Leonard, Eric, Merritts, Dorothy, and Carson, Robert, 1993, Quaternary geology,

upper Rio Grande drainage, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Wilson, M.A., compiler: Beloit Wisconsin, Beloit College, The Sixth Keck research symposium in geology, v. 6, p. 170-172.

Lipman, P.W., and Steven, T.A., Luedke, R.G., and Burbank, W.S., 1973a, Revised volcanic history of the San Juan, Uncompahgre, Silverton, and Lake City calderas in western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v.1, n.6, p.627-642.

Lipman, P.W., Steven, T.A., Luedke, R.G., and Burbank, W.S., 1973b, Revised

volcanic history of the San Juan, Uncompahgre, Silverton, and Lake City calderas in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 1, p. 627-642.

McIntosh, W.C., Chapin, C.E., 2004, Geochronology of the central Colorado

volcanic field: New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources Bullitin, Report 160, p.205-238.

Bove, D.J., Hon, Ken, Budding, K.E., Slack, J.F., Snee, L.W., and Yeoman, R.A.,

2001, Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the Western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1642, 30 p.

Volatiles

Musgrave, J.A., and Thompson, T.B., 1991, Sultan Mountain Mine, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado; a fluid inclusion and stable isotope study: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 768-779.

Tectonic History Baars, D.L., and Ellingson, J.A., 1984, Geology of the western San Juan

Mountains, in Brew, D. C., ed., Paleotectonics, San Juan Mountains, Dolores Formation, Paleosols and depositional systems, Jurassic depositional systems, San Juan Basin, Quaternary deposits and soils, Durango area: Rocky Mountain Section, Geological Society of America 37th Annual Meeting, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colo., p. 1-45.

Baars, D.L., and See, P.D., 1968, Pre-Pennsylvanian stratigraphy and

paleotectonics of the San Juan Mountains, southwestern Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 333-349.

Burbank, W.S., 1930, Revision of geologic structure and stratigraphy in the

Ouray District of Colorado, and its bearing on ore deposition: Colorado Scientific Society Proceedings, v. 12, p. 151-232.

Burbank, W.S., 1933, Vein systems of the Arrastre basin and regional geologic structure in the Silverton and Telluride Quadrangles, Colorado: Colorado Scientific Society Proceedings, v. 13, 214 p.

Chapin, C.E., and Cather, S.M., 1981, Eocene tectonics and sedimentation in the

Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain area: Arizona Geological Society Digest, v. 14, p. 173-198.

Chapin, C.E., and Cather, S.M., 1994, Tectonic setting of the axial basins of the

northern and central Rio Grande rift: Geological Society of America Special Paper 291, p. 5-25.

Epis, R.C., and Chapin, C.E., 1975, Geomorphic and tectonic implications of the

post-Laramide, late Eocene erosion surface in the southern Rocky Mountains, in Curtis, B.F., ed., Cenozoic history of the southern Rocky Mountains: Geological Society of America Memoir 144, p. 45-74.

Gill, J.B., 1981, Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics: Berlin, Springer, 389 p. Hutchinson, R.M., 1988, Structure and ore deposits of the Camp Bird Mine,

Ouray, Colorado, in Hutchinson, R.M., ed., Epithermal base-metal and precious-metal systems, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 3, p. 4-44.

Kluth, C.F., and Coney, P.J., 1981, Plate tectonics of the Ancestral Rocky

Mountains: Geology, v. 9, p. 10-15. Potassic Magmatism Bachmann, O., Dungan, M.A., Lipman, P.W., 2002, The Fish Canyon magma

body, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; rejuvenation and eruption of an upper-crustal batholith: Journal of Petrology, v.43, n.8, p. 1469- 1503.

Bachmann, O., Oberli, F., Dungan, M.A., Meier, M., Mundil, R., Fischer,H., 2007, (super 40) Ar/ (super 39) Ar and U/Pb dating of the Fish Canyon magmatic system, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; evidence for an extended crystallization history: Chemical Geology, v. 236, n. 1-2, p. 134-166.

Barker, Fred, 1969, Precambrian geology of the Needle Mountains, southwestern

Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 644-A, p. A1-A35. San Juan Intrusive Rocks Colucci, M. T., Dungan, M.A., Ferguson, K.M., Lipman, P.W., Moorbath, S.,

1991, Precaldera lavas of the southeast San Juan Volcanic Field: Parent

magmas and crustal interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B8, 13.413-13.434 p.

Southwest San Juan Mountains Cenozoic History Atwood, W.W., and Mather, K.F., 1932, Physiography and Quaternary geology of

the San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 166, 176 p.

Bejnar, Waldemere, 1957, Lithologic control of ore deposits in the southwestern

San Juan Mountains, in Kottlowski, F. E., and Baldwin, Brewster, eds., Guidebook of southwestern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society 8th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 162-173.

Pallister, J.S., and Sawyer, D.A., 1989, Excursion 7A: Form silica calderas to

mantle nodules: Cretaceous to Quaternary volcanism, southern Basin and Range province, Arizona to New Mexico, in Chapin, C.E., and Zidek, J., eds., Field excursions to volcanic terrenes in the western United States, V. 1: southern Rocky Mountain region: IAVCIE General Assembly, Santa Fe, New Mexico, p. 121-375.

Steven, T.A., 1975, Middle Tertiary volcanic field in the southern Rocky

Mountains, in Curtis, B. F., ed., Cenozoic history of the southern Rocky Mountains: Geological Society of America Memoir 144, p. 75-94.

General Overview

Bailey, R.G., 1995, Description of the ecoregions of the United States: United

States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 1391, 108 p. Baldwin, B., ed., 1957, New Mexico Geologic Society Guidebook of southwestern

San Juan Mountains Colorado, 258p. Blair, R., 1996, The western San Juan Mountains; their geology, ecology, and

human history: Niwot, CO, University Press of Colorado, 405p. Burbank, W.S., and Luedke, R.G., 1968, Geology and ore deposits of the San

Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Ridge, J.D., ed., Ore deposits of the United States, 1933-1967, the Graton-Sales Volume 1: New York, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, p. 714-733.

Blair, R., 1996, Geology of the western San Juan Mountains and a tour of the

San Juan Skyway, southwestern Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-4, p.8.

Burbank, W.S., and Luedke, R.G., 1969, Geology and ore deposits of the Eureka

and adjoining districts, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 535, 73 p.

Kelley, V.C., 1946, Geology, ore deposits, and mines of the Mineral Point, Poughkeepsie, and Upper Uncompahgre districts, Ouray, San Juan, and Hinsdale counties, Colorado: Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific Society, v. 14, p. 287-311.

Kelley, V.C., 1957, General geology and tectonics of the western San Juan

Mountains, Colorado, in Kottlowski, F. E., and Baldwin, Brewster, eds., Guidebook of southwestern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society 8th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 154-162.

Kottlowski, F.E., 1957, Mesozoic strata flanking the southwestern San Juan

Mountains Colorado and New Mexico, in Kottlowski, F. E., and Baldwin, Brewster, eds., Guidebook of southwestern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society 8th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 138-153.

Larsen, E.S., Jr., and Cross, Whitman, 1956, Geology and petrology of the San

Juan Region, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 258, 303 p.

San Juan Mineralogy

Bove, D.J., Johnson, R.H., and Yager, D.B., 2007, Mineralogy from cores in

Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado: United States Geological Survey Open –File Report 2007-1095, 82p.

Lipman P.W., Fisher, W.S., Mehnert, H.H., Naeser, C.W., Luedke, R.G., and

Steven, T.A., 1976, Multiple ages of mid-Tertiary mineralization and alteration in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 71, p. 571-588.

Tweto, Ogden, and Sims, P.K., 1963, Precambrian ancestry of the Colorado mineral belt: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, p. 991-1014.

San Juan Volcanism

Luedke, R.G., and Burbank, W.S., 1968, Volcanism and cauldron development in

the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado, Cenozoic volcanism in the southern Rocky Mountains: Colo. School of Mines Quarterly, v. 63, p. 175-208.

Maps

Dane, C.H., Bachman, G.O. 1957. Preliminary geologic map of the northwestern part of New Mexico. U.S. Geologic Survey Map I-224, Scale 1:380160.

O’Sullivan, R.B., Beikman, H.M. 1963. Geology, structure, and uranium deposits

of the Ship Rock quadrangle, New Mexico and Arizona. U.S. Geologic Survey Map I-345, Scale 1:250000.

Beaumont, E.C. 1955. Preliminary geologic map of the ship rock and hogback

quadrangles, San Juan county, New Mexico: U.S. Geologic Survey Map C-29, Scale 1:63360.

Houser, F.N., Ekren, E.B., 1959, Preliminary geologic map of the Moqui sw

quadrangle Montezuma County, Colorado: United States Geological Survey In cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission Map MF-216, Scale 1:24,000.

Stuart-Alexander, D.E., Shoemaker, E.M., Moore H.J., 1972, Geologic map of

the Mule Ear diatreme San Juan County, Utah: United States Geological Survey Map I-674, scale 1:2400.

Condon, S.M., 1990, Geologic and structure contour map of the southern Ute

Indian reservation and adjacent areas, southwest Colorado and northwest New Mexico: United States Geological Survey Map I-1958, scale 1:100,000.

Beaumont, E.C., Zieglar, D.L., 1951, Geology of the Beautiful Mountain Anticline:

U.S.G.S. Oil and Gas Investigations, OM 147, 1:4000. Strobell, J.D. Jr. , 1956, Geology of the Carrizo Mountains area in northeastern

Arizona and northwestern New Mexico: U.S.G.S. Oil and Gas Investigations, OM-160, 1:48000.

Wanek, A., A., 1954, Geologic Mao of the Mesa Verde area Montezuma County,

Colorado: U.S.G.S Oil and Gas Investigations, OM-152, 1:63360.

Navajo Lore and Terminology Blackhorse, A., Semken, S., and Perry, C., 2003, A Navajo-English dictionary of

geological terms, in Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 54th field conference: Ship Rock, Navajo Nation, New Mexico, New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, p. 103-107.