dic kerala session 03 pkg mats 1 paper & glass metals

8/13/2019 Dic Kerala Session 03 Pkg Mats 1 Paper & Glass Metals

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3CSP TRG AIDS

SCOPE

PACKAGING MATERIALS

PACKAGING FORMS

SIGNIFICANCE OF PACK FORMS


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WHAT DOES THESE TWO PICTURES REPRESENT?

WOMENS TWO FORMS OF DRESSES

SAREE SALWAR KAMEEZ


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MENS TWO FORMS OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

SWEATER JACKET


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MENS TWO FORMS OF WEAR

DHOTI TROUSERS


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HENCE

DIFFERENTFORMS ARE

POSSIBLE


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TWO FORMS OF SNACKS

IDLI DOSA

THIS IS DIFFERENT FROM THE EARLIER

FORMS. THERE THE FORM AND THEMATERIAL WERE DIFFERENT.

HERE TWO FORMS ARE FROM THE SAMEMATERIAL


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SUMMARY

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HENCE FOR A PARTICULAR FUNCTION DIFFERENTFORMS ARE POSSIBLE AND USED

THIS CAN BE FROM THE DIFFERENT MATERIAL OR SAME

MATERIAL.


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MATERIALS VARY DEPENDING UPON NEEDCOTTON IS USED FOR NORMAL USE

SILK IS USED FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS

FORMS & MATERIALS


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MATERIALS VARY DEPENDING UPON NEEDONE IS CASUAL WEAR

OTHER IS PARTY WEAR

FORMS & MATERIALS


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SUMMARY

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HENCE MATERIAL & FORMS ARE DIFFERENT

YOU CHOOSE FORMS AND MATERIALS DEPENDINGUPON NEED, CHOICE AND AVAILABILITY ETC.

OUR DRESS COVERS AND PROTECTS OUR BODYTHUS IT IS THE PACKAGING FOR OUR BODY.

PACKAGING ALSO COVERS AND PROTECTS PRODUCT.

HENCE THE SAME HOLDS GOOD FOR PACKAGING.

YOU CHOOSE PACKAGING FORMS AND MATERIALSDEPENDING UPON NEED, CHOICE AND AVAILABILITY.THE NEEDS COULD BE PRODUCT, MARKETING, COST,

AVAILABILITY ETC.


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PACKAGING MATERIALS


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PLASTICS

RIGID FLEXIBLE

PLASTICS

RIGID FLEXIBLE


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LET US SEE HOW PRODUCTCHOSES ITS OWN PACKAGING


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PACK SIZE, SHAPE & DESIGNCONSUMER PERCEPTION

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Needs of market segments

Represent different usage situations

Gain more shelf space in retail outlets


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DESIGN & SHAPE HINTS

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Unusual shapes draw greater attention Horizontal (calmness), Vertical (strength), Slanted

lines (upward movement) Curving lines(femininity), Sharp lines(masculinity)


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USE OF COLOUR

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Express people emotions

Add elegance, prestige to products by using polishedreflective surface

Meaning of color varies from culture to culture


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The Use of Color: Red

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RED:DepictsColor of fire and blood:

Associated with energy,Danger.High visibility - stop signs.Stimulates quick decisionsPromots energy drinks.

PINK: romance, love, friendship,denotes feminine.

Red, Pink


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Pleasant, cheerfulfeelings.When overused, has adisturbing effect;A warming effect.

Associated with food.For children's products.Catches attentionFor highlighting.Yellow is seen before other

colors

The Use of Color: YellowYellow


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ORANGE:Combines energy of Red &happiness of yellow.Denotes Sacrifice,happiness,

success,victory.Has very high visibility.

GOLD:prestige.

Gold representsillumination, wisdom,wealth, richness.Symbolizes high quality.

The Use of Color: OrangeOrange & Gold


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BLUEThe color of the sky and sea.Trust, loyalty, wisdom,confidence, intelligence, faith.Masculine.

Water products.Calming effect.

The Use of Color: BlueBlue


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PURPLERoyalty.Luxury.Feminine.CreativityHigh valued products.

The Use of Color: PurplePurple


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Goodness, innocence, purity,luxury, high value products ,authority.Perfection.Safety, purity, divinity,Cleanliness.Positive connotation.Faith and purity.

The Use of Color: WhiteWhite


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Power, elegance, formality.Strength and authority.Prestigious color.Black and gray make the othercolors stand out.

Contrasts well with brightcolors.

The Use of Color: BlackBlack


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BRAIN TEASERS

Suggest colour scheme for1. Halwa2. Green Pepper (Pickled)

3. Banana Chips4. Herbal products5. Female beauty cream

6. After shave lotion


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SCOPE

BRIEF OFMFG, PROPERTIES & APPLICATIONS

PAPER

GLASSMETAL


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WHAT IS PAPER?PAPER IS MADE FROM CELLULOSE FIBER DERIVED

FROM WOOD.

LET US BRIEFLY SEE HOW PAPER IS MADEPAPER BOARD IS THICKER PAPER


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50CELLULOSE

25 HEMICELLULOSE + 25LIGNIN

WOODPAPER

PAPER MANUFACTUREPAPER IS A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL. WOOD HAS 50% CELLULOSE &50% MIXTURE OF HEMI CELLULOSE COMPOUND & LIGNIN WHICH

BIND CELLULOSIC FIBRES TOGETHER

LIGNIN IS A PHENOLIC COMPOUNDWHICH GIVES THE COLOUR TO PAPER AND BINDS

THE HEMI CELLULOUSE & CELLOLOSE


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PAPER MANUFACTURE

WOOD

HARD WOOD

SOFT WOOD

CONIFEROUSTEMPERATE

3.5-4 mm

DECIDIOUSTROPICAL1 1.5mm

FOR PAPER MAKING,THESE FAIBRES ARE SEPERATED FROM EACH OTHER TO BECOME DISCRETE ENTITIES THROUGH A DRASTICACTION AND LATER MATTED


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PAPER MANUFACTUREPULPING SECTION PAPER MAKING SECTION

WOOD

DEBARKINGSOAKING

CHIPPINGDIGESTING

BEATING

FILLERSSIZING

REFINING

STAGE 1MAKE READY

STAGE 2PULPING

STAGE 3STOCK

PREPARATION

FORMATION

PRESSING & DRYING

COATING

STAGE 4SHEETING

STAGE 5FINISHING CALENDERING

WINDING


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STAGE1 MAKE READY

WOOD

DEBARKING

SOAKING

TO STAGE 2

SOAKED TO MAKE IT SOFT

DRY OUTSIDE LAYER (BARK) REMOVED

TREE CUT TO LOGS TIMBER


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STAGE2 PULPING

CHIPPING

PULPING

TO STAGE 3

FROM STAGE 1

(DIGESTER/ COOKING)

MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL & SEMI-CHEMICAL PROCESSES

CUT TO SMAILL PIECES FOR EASY COOKING


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PAPER PULPER

PAPER MANUFACTURE


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PAPER MANUFACTURESTAGE 3 - STOCK PREPARATION

UNBEATEN BEATEN FIBRILLATED

TO STAGE 4ROM STAGE 2 BEATING REFINING SIZING FILLERS

PREPARING FIBERS FOR PAPER MANUFACTURING IS KNOWN ASSTOCK PREPARATION.


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PAPER MANUFACTURE

PAPER MILLS CAN TAKE UP TWO ROUTES1. INTEGRATED

FROM STAGE 1 TO STAGE 52. NON INTEGRATED

FROM 3 TO 5

NON INTEGRATED MUST BRING THE PULP EITHERSLURRY FORM OR SOLID FORM FOR PAPER

MAKING


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STAGE 4 SHEETING

TO STAGE 5ROM STAGE 3 FORMATION PRESSING & DRYING

FORMATION INVOLVES FORMING A SHEET OF THEPULP.

THIS CONTAINS 95 % OF WATER AND 5 % OF PULP.HENCE THIS SHEET NEEDS TO BE PRESSED TOREMOVE THE WATER AND LATER DRIED.


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ABRASIVE PAPERS - Sand paper, Flint paper, Emery paper

ABSORBENT PAPERS. Soft, loosely felted, unsized, spongy such as blottings,filter papers, toweling,

ALKALI-PROOF PAPER. white or colored, which does not discolor when incontact with alkaline materials, such as soap. Careful selection of fibers with no

particular strength requirements. Book papers are sufficiently alkali-proof and

glassine and waxed papers are also satisfactory.

ANTI-TARNISH PAPER. Tissues used for wrap-ping silverware, razor blades,needles, silverware, etc. Freedom from acidity and reducible sulfur compounds.

Copper salts or other inhibitors are sometimes used for silver tissues.

ART PAPER. Coated paper or board with a high finish and smooth surface.

BAG PAPER. Paper used for making bags for use by grocers is normally of kraftpaper, greaseproof for salted nuts; water resistant paper for garbage bags;

bleached paper for candy bags, etc. The term does not denote any one kind of

paper or any special strength requirement.


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BIBLE PAPER. An opaque, light weight, printing paper for use where low bulk is an

essential, as in Bibles, insurance rate books, encyclopedias, etc. Basis weight is generally

from 30

40 GSM. Preferred fiber stock is linen or hemp, very carefully beaten tofibrillate rather than cut it; and titanium dioxide is often used as a filler.

BLOODPROOF PAPER. Strong wrapping paper, hard sized with wax, or otherwise treated,

to render it resistant to blood; used in stores on scales where meat is weighed, and for

separating layers of meat in a package.

BOND. High strength, permanence and durability such as those used for government

bonds and legal papers, business letterheads, forms, etc. The fibers used for the bestgrades of bond paper are from rags, but many grades are made from high-grade bleached

chemical wood pulps.

BREAD WRAPPERS. Thin, waxed paper, made opaque by titanium dioxide and printed

with the desired characters.

CANDY TWISTING TISSUE. A light-weight paper, generally waxed for wrap-ping candy

kisses, taffy, etc.CARBON TISSUE. Tissue with carbon black usually with wax or oily material.

CHECK PAPER. A bond paper often treated with chemicals or dyes to make alteration of

writing difficult or impossible.


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CHROMO PAPER. Any paper or board which is especially suitable for printing with colors;

the term is generally applied to coated papers.

CIGARETTE PAPER. A strong tissue of uniform, close texture, used to cover the tobacco in

cigarettes. It is generally made from linen or flax tow which has been very highly beaten,and usually contains from 15 to 30 per cent of calcium carbonate filler.

COATED. A term applied to any paper or board whose surface has been covered with a

coat of adhesive and mineral pigment. The term is some-times applied to lacquered and

varnished papers.

CURRENCY PAPER. A bond type paper used for printing currency, bonds and government

securities. In the United States it is made from new rag cuttings, is tub sized with glue,loft dried and plate finished. It must have high tensile and folding strength and

exceptional resistance to wear.

DRAWING PAPER. A general term applied to paper used for pen or pencil drawing. There

are numerous grades for different types of work and the fiber composition ranges all the

way from rag stock to groundwood.

DUPLEX. A term applied to papers or boards differing in color, finish, or texture on thetwo sides. Such differences may be obtained on the paper machine, during finishing, or

by pasting.


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FILTER PAPER. An unsized, porous paper used for the separation of solid particles from

fluids or gases. It comes in many grades of porosity, chemical purity and fiber furnish

according to the work it has to do.

FLOCK PAPER. Paper prepared by covering the whole or a part of its surface with an

adhesive and dusting the surface while sticky with powdered fibers of various kinds.

GLASSINE. A very dense, semitransparent paper, generally made from chemical

woodpulp which is beaten to give a high degree of hydration. The paper is grease

resistant, not readily penetrated by air, and if waxed is highly resistant to moisture

vapor. It is used to wrap foods, tobacco, chemicals, etc., and for purposes where

transparency is helpful.

GREASEPROOF. Any paper which has been treated in any way during its manufacture to

make it resistant to the penetration of grease or oil.

UMMED PAPER. Any paper coated on one side with an adhesive, such as fish glue,

dextrin or animal glue. Various kinds of paper are used according to the use

requirements such as labels, sealing tape, etc.NEWSPRINT. The type of paper used in printing newspapers. Fiber composition at least

70 per cent groundwood and the rest unbleached sulfite.

C h f i i i l d f h ki f h


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PARCHMENT. A sheet of writing material made from the skins of goats or other

animals. Vegetable or imitation parchment is made to resemble animal parchment by

passing a sheet of unsized, pure fiber paper through a bath of sulfuric acid and then

washing it very thoroughly and drying. The acid gelatinizes the surface fibers and the

dried surface is grease-proof, has a high wet strength and is very resistant todisintegration by water and many solutions.

STRAWROARD. A board made from straw which has been chemically treated,

generally with lime, and then made into board as usual. It is a coarse, hard board

used for boxes and corrugating purposes.

TISSUE PAPER. In general this term applies to any light, gauzy paper weighing less

than 18 pounds (24 x 36-500). Used for many purposes and sold under various names.

WAXED PAPER. Paper which has been treated with wax either by passing it through a

bath of the wax and at once chilling it by cooling rolls (wet waxing), or by passing

through rolls as soon as waxed so that the wax is driven in and the paper feels dry

(dry waxing).


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GLASS


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M.Sc.(Nutraceuticals) 2011 CSP TRG AIDS 54

WHAT IS GLASS

SUPER COOLED LIQUIDLIQUID WHICH IS COOLED TO A STAGE WHERE

ITS VISCOSITY IS SO GREAT THAT MOLECULES DO

NOT MOVE FREELY ENOUGH TO FORM CRYSTALS

100% RECYCLABLE SUSTAINABLE

INERT ALMOST TO EVERYTHING

GOOD FOR ENVIRONMENT


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WHAT IS GLASS

Silica Sand68%

Soda Ash12%

Limestone10%


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WHAT IS GLASS

CULLET

Recycled glass used

at levels as high as80% when available


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WHAT IS GLASS

HENCE GLASS RECIPE IS

SAND70%

SODA ASH12%

LIMESTONE

10%

ADDITIVES8%

CULLET - 80%

REST20%


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MANUFACTURE


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MANUFACTURE

CULLET SAND OTHER RM

WASHING & SIEVINGCRUSHED TO 15

20 mm dia

SORTING

WEIGHED

MIXER

FURNACE1500 deg C

FOREHEARTH

GOBS CUT OFF

MOULDING

COOLING

ANNEALING LEHR

PROTECTIVE COATINGS

BOTTLES & JARS

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GLASS MANUFACTURING


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MANUFACTURE


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MANUFACTURE

BLOWING THE BOTTLE OR JAR

o TWO STAGE MOULDING BLANK MOLD FORMS NECK AND INITIAL SHAPE

BLOW MOLD PRODUCE THE FINAL SHAPE

o

BLANK MOLD COMES IN A NUMBER OF SECTIONS: FINISH SECTION CAVITY SECTION (TWO HALVES FOR PARISON REMOVAL)

o GUIDE OR FUNNEL FOR INSERTING GOB

o A SEAL FOR GOB OPENING ONCE GOB IS SETTLED IN MOLD

o BLOWING TUBES THROUGH THE GOB AND NECK

o BLOW MOLD PRODUCE FINAL SHAPE

GOB FORMATION


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GOB FORMATION

VIDEO CLIPS


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VIDEO CLIPS


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GLASS MOULDING PROCESSES


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GLASS MOULDING PROCESSES

TWO TYPES OF PROCESSES

BLOW & BLOW PRESS & BLOW

TWO PROCESSES DIFFER ACCORDING TO THEPARISON PRODUCING.

NARROW MOUTH WIDE MOUTH


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GLASS MOULD SETS


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DECORATIONFROSTING

ETCHING BY HYDROFLURIC ACID (HF) ORSAND BLASTING EXPENSIVE

PRINTING

SCREEN PRINTING

INKS ARE FIRED.APPLIED CERAMIC LABEL

CERAMIC FROSTING

SPRAY WITH CERAMIC PAINT

( GROUND GLASS + OIL MIXTURE)

FIRE

OIL EVAPORATES AND GROUND GLASS

FUSES ON SURFACE.


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METALS

WHAT IS THE MATERIAL?


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TIN PLATE



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ALUMINIUM


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WHAT ARE FORMS


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WHAT ARE FORMS

METAL PACKAGING MATERIALSALUMINIUM TIN PLATE MILD STEEL TUBES CAPS

TRAYS CONTAINERS BOTTLES FOIL

CAPS CONTAINERS CANS PAILS

CLOSURES

DRUMS PAILS


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29/06/2002 TATA TINPLATE 75


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Story of Tincans

The history of packaging couldnot be complete without paying

deserved tribute to the Tincans.

In the late 18thcentury,

Napoleons army, which had

suffered more from malnutrition

than by actual combat, offered

12,000 francs, to anyone whocould develop a way to

preserve foodfor themilitary on the battlefield.

Napoleon Bonaparte

the first customer !


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A French confectioner,

Nicolas Appert, after 15

years of research, tookhome the prize in 1809. He

discovered that the

application of heat to food

in sealed cans preservedthe food from

deterioration.

Story of Tincans


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What does canning of food do Heat sterilization process kills food spoilingorganisms.

The steel base of the tinplate cans is the only

media which can sustain this heat. Sealing properties are excellent resulting in

processed food remaining sterile.


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Impermeability of Tin Cans Steel base make tinplate the most tolerant

packaging medium with power to resist insects,

bacteria, shocks and above all, ultraviolet light.

The design of cans make them totally tamper proof.


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Tinplate

MILD STEEL 0.12 mm to 0.60 mm

FeSn2 alloy layer

Free Tin layerTin Oxide

Passivation Film

Oil Film


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CSP TRG AIDS - SEP 2008

ALUMINIUM COLLAPSIBLE

TUBES


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COLLAPSIBLE TUBE PRODUCTION STAGES

IMPACT EXTRUSION

ANNEALING

COATING

DECORATION

PACKAGING


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Metal slug is located on a

shaped striking surface or

anvil

A punch strikes slug with great

force.

Zinc Stearate ( powder) is

used as lubricants to slug to

facilitate extrusion and reduceheat.


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Under enormous impactPressure metal flows like a

LIQUID straight upalong

the outside of the striking

punch forming a round

cylindrical shape.


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The tube height is governed by

the thickness of the initial slug.

Shoulders and tip are formed

as a part of the process.

Tubes with a thin web in the

orifice will start with a solid

slug.

Force of impact work hardens

and makes it stiff.

ANNEALING


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ANNEALING

After extrusion, the tubes are annealed to

remove the work hardening and provide the

softness or limpness needed for good

collapsibility. The degree of hardness that

remains in the annealed condition is needed forthe tube to maintain its shape and to hold the

crimped fold at the closed end.

The non capping end of tube is trimmed to exactdesired length.


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COATINGCoatings are required inside some aluminum

collapsible tubes to prevent corrosion by certainproducts.

Even a superficial amount of corrosion, which might

be tolerated for other applications, is objectionable in

the tubes, because gas produced by the corrosionreaction causes the tube to swell.

Consequently, coatings that provide a high degree of

protection against corrosion are required.

Even the outer surface needs a white surface coating.

DECORATION


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DECORATIONDecoration is needed for collapsible tubes to identify

products packed in them.Tube outside needs a white enamel base coat and

cured before decoation.

The decoration is achieved by use of an artwork.

This is printed by offset flexography using stereos.

The decoration is cured in a oven.

They are then capped.

PACKAGING


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PACKAGINGCollapsible tube is susceptible to denting because of

its softness.These needs to be packed to avoid hitting against

each other as well as from mechanical impacts during

transportation.

Generally they are packed in corrugated boxes withhoney comb partitions.

Boxes and partitions are often reused to reduce cost.


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dic kerala session 03 pkg mats 1 paper & glass metals

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