dickson k.w. chiu phd, smieee original by: freek bijl
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COMP7790 Web 2.0 & 3.0. Dickson K.W. Chiu PhD, SMIEEE Original by: Freek Bijl. Overview. It takes 10 years for Web 2.0 to reshape the Web Might be the same for Web 3.0 Web 3.0 still not mature Both are evolving technology frameworks. Where are we now?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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COMP7790 Web 2.0 & 3.0
Dickson K.W. ChiuPhD, SMIEEE
Original by: Freek Bijl
Overview
It takes 10 years for Web 2.0 to reshape the Web Might be the same for Web 3.0
Web 3.0 still not mature Both are evolving technology
frameworks
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Where are we now?
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www.digitalrhetoric.org/course/web1to3.jpg
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Web 1.0 - info-centric
When the web was in its early days, we didn’t know exactly what to show on a computer screen
A company card? A button? A shop?
Web 1.0 was all about our search for online viability
Characterized by info-centric separate static websites one-way broadcasting.
Widely used between 1998 and 2001, and it is still used beside Web 2.0 in almost all web sites.
Web 2.0 - people-centric
When we got a grip on the technical part, the real possibilities of the web became more clear.
We discovered the power of networks. Web 2.0 has no single definition but can be
explained through a series of Internet trends, one being the empowerment of the user.
However, to meet the requirements of the general public, it should be people-centric
Web treated as a platform
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The power of links
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The power of collaboration
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The power of content and reach
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The power of friends
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Key Web 2.0 Features Rich Internet Application (RIA)
graphical point of view or usability point of view e.g., AJAX and Flash
Social Networking - Anyone can participate in the content creation
User-generated content, collaboration, & community Content isn’t fixed publication—it changes daily
Service orientation & Mashups (see next slide) More companies enter the emerging SaaS
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Web 2.0 Mashups
Development and utilization of Web services Most sites you visit have web services running in the
background These services allow you to integrate data between
sites through API’s such as you see on Flickr and Amazon
A web application combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool.
Example is the use of cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to restaurant data (Openrice.com), thereby creating a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source
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Web 2.0 Example Sites
Social networking sites: Facebook, MySpace, Hi5, … etc.
Tagging or Labeling Content: Del.icio.us. Wikis: Wikipedia. Community-generated content: eBay. Open Services: Google. P2P: Bit Torrent. New Web technologies: XML, RSS, Ajax. Open Source Software: Sourceforge
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Academia & Business Coined 2.0s
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hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tree.jpg
Web 2.0 Company Characteristics
Harnessing the collective intelligence and taking advantage of network effects
Google: the link structure of the web Amazon: our reviews of their products Ebay: our willingness to engage in
commerce Flikr and de.li.cious: our ability to
classify artifacts Wikipedia: our desire to exchange
knowledge
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Web 2.0 – Inevitable Trough of disillusionment
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hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tough.jpg
Web 2.0 vs 3.0
Web 2.0 is all about the power of networks
Basically, web 2.0 is a social change. The technical part of the web hasn’t changed very much.
But, web 3.0 will be driven by technological changes
Web 3.0 - the semantic web - is about the meaning of information.
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Web 3.0
Web 3.0 – By Spalding 2007 highly specialized information silos, moderated by
personality, validated by community and inclusion of meta data through widgets
The evolutionary stage of Web 2.0 Lack of standards and unified framework
Share some attributes with Web 2.0 Transformation Ubiquitous computing Openness Intelligence
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Pillars of Web 3.0
Tagging Adding meta data to index and describe resource Web 3.0 allows not only text search, but also images,
audio and video Sub-search engine pull feeds automatically for you High level of personalized vocabularies and structure
Microformats Define semantic vocabularies by user Variety of options: RDF, XML, XFN Bridge the gap between understandings by human
and machine
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Web 3.0 evolution paths
Different meanings are intended to describe the evolution of Web usage
Emphasize a machine-facilitated understanding of information on the Web.
Interaction between the many possible evolutionary paths: Semantic Web (main starting point) Video Web Web 3D Ubiquitous and Pervasive Web Expansion of SaaS
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Web 3.0 - Semantic Web
Refer to our earlier lectures
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Web 3.0 – Video Web
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Spatial Media Fragments Video Content
Reed Hasting, the founder and CEO of Netflix, described Web 3.0 as being the full-video Web that will be made possible by the increasing growth in bandwidth available to customers that will allow transmission of full movies over the Web.
Web 3.0 – 3D Web
Thousands of users worldwide linger in 3D-worlds like Second Life or 3D-Games such as Entropiauniverse and
Active worlds. Philip Rosedale, founder of Second Life,
believes that one day 1500 million people will have a second existence.
The adding of the third dimension will shift the internet into a hyper-realistic parallel world .
http://www.internet3d.org
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Web 3.0 – Ubiquitous / Pervasive Web
“Our Vision of Web 3.0 is to link data and devices in new ways to achieve new insights, greater efficiencies, economic benefits and improved quality of life”
Steve Bratt.
“The Web 3.0 will see applications that are pieced together, fast, customizable, run on any device, and most importantly, disseminate virally–through social networks”
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google
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Web 3.0 – SaaS and Clouds 10 years coming – client-server to SaaS User contributed code /omni-functions Multi-tenant Internet super applications Super apps utilized by enterprises
Building massively scalable data centers that are secure, reliable, and highly available is very complex and expensive.
Traditional client-server software development is still a painful and complex process
Deployment of applications is still difficult and the cost of maintenance is expensive
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Advantage of Cloud Computing
• No need to purchase application servers and a small army to fine tune and maintain them
• Software developers won’t have to build a security and sharing model. The cloud provides these items
• Ease of deployment, and depth of functionality
• More time given to functionality and meeting client needs
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Web History and Future
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Stamp Example - Background
Suppose, I am a stamp collector... Over the years I’ve collected a lot of
stamps. About every stamp, I made a document That’s a lot of documents
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Stamp Example - Search
How can I find a specific stamp? Google? This is the web we have today: a huge
collection of documents The words of all those documents are
indexed. We can search for keywords.
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Stamp Example – Google Search
Now, suppose I Google for all red stamps
Not very intelligent…
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Red stampsStamps from Cambodia (Khmer Rouge)Stamps from the Red SeaStamps from the 140th anniversary of the Red CrossStamps with red dragons
Stamp Example – Structural Meaning
Not very intelligent, but how can a computer know what I mean?
When we structurally describe that a stamp is a stamp and red is a color.
Describing data in a structured way can best be done in a database.
Different databases can be connected.
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Stamp Example – All about a Stamp
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This is a stampThis is a stamp
This stamp is from the United KingdomThis stamp is from the United Kingdom
This stamp is designed by John Bryan DunmoreThis stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore
In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 centIn 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent
Now it’s worth 3 eurosNow it’s worth 3 euros
This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981
The picture on the stamp is a PO BoxThe picture on the stamp is a PO Box
Stamp Example – Databases Integration
A database with stamps A database with countries A database with colours A database with stamp traders
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Stamp Example – Web 3.0 as Databases Integration
One view of Web 3.0 is the web being a big collection of databases which can be connected on demand.
Agreements are made on the structure of data and the way data is described. Where the data is located is irrelevant.
Linking data is the power of web 3.0. So, “I want all the red stamps, designed in
Europe, but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990” is a question that will get a better answer with web 3.0
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A broader view of Web 3.0
The previous view of Web 3.0 is a ‘narrow’ one. Like Web 2.0, Web 3.0 stands for a range of developments. E.g.:
A fast broadband connection to the Internet, always and everywhere.
Open source techniques and free data (Data as a Service)
Open identities Software as a Service (e.g., Google docs)
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Why do we want to add meaning to data ?
When a computer understands what data means, it can do intelligent search, reasoning and combining.
This makes our life easier.
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Some Technologies of Web 3.0
RDF XML URI SPARQL XDI XRI SWRL XFN OWL API OAUTH
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XML
Meaning is about understanding. To understand we need a language. A language starts with words. Things mean something in words. Online, we describe things with XML.
XML - Example
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<collection name=”My stamp collection"> <stamp> <title>Red dragon</title> <country>China</country> <year>1984</year> </stamp> <stamp> <title>PO Box</title> <country>England</country> <year>1992</year> </stamp></collection>
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RDF and RDF Schema Resource Description Framework (RDF) We can’t understand words alone RDF is a data model for objects and relations between
them RDF Schema is a vocabulary description
language In addition, online grammar is required Describes classes and properties of RDF resources Provides semantics for generalization hierarchies of
properties and classes With RDF Schema we can define concepts and
make simple relations between them.
RDF Example
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Predicate
This stamp is from England
subjectobject
hence from Europe.
RDF Schema Example
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fromStamp Country
Continent
in
Ontology Dickson Chiu - update 2011 Metadata - 42
OWL But, RDF schema is limited. A language needs more expression and logic to
make good reasoning possible. relations between classes
e.g., disjointness cardinality
e.g. “exactly one” richer typing of properties
That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was invented.
characteristics of properties (e.g., symmetry) BOTH OWL and RDF are standards of
www.w3.org
SWRL
Finally, to reason you need rules. Rules are formulated in SWRL (Semantic
Web Rule Language)
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SWRL Example I got this stamp
from my uncle. The rule for
calling someone my uncle is that one of my parents has a brother.
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mother or fatherIson of brother
<ruleml:imp> <ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#example1"/> <ruleml:_body> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasParent"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasBrother"> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_body> <ruleml:_head> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasUncle"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_head> </ruleml:imp>
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SPARQL Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp. “I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe,
but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990”
We can use SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language).
URI Because the web is decentralized and data is in
many places, not only language is important. Exchange of data between different machines is
key. To make a connection a machine needs a source.
For this, we use resource identifiers. Best known resource identifier is the URI
which consists of a name (urn) and a location (url)
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XRI & XDI
URIs have international limitations and the need for data-exchange between machines is rapidly growing.
There is a successor: XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier)
There is a standard for sharing, linking and synchronizing data.
This standard is called XDI (XRI Data Interchange).
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OAuth API
However, data is often protected. We need consent and a key to gain
access. The key to certain data is described in
an API (an application programming interface).
An open standard for accessing (authentication) the API is OAuth.
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Web 3.0 Expectations
A clever and on-demand friend who is able to lead, advice, negotiate and support the user honestly.
Could be embedded in the smart devices, enabling the user to use his home, car or mobile remotely, safely and correctly.
Affect our daily life and blur our real life with a virtual web site applications and services as Ubiquitous Web.
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Example Web 3.0
Freebase• http://www.freebase.com
Amazon (“If you liked this, you will like this!”• http://www.amazon.com
Netvibes (pull your Web 2.0 apps together!)• http://www.netvibes.com
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Possible Impact on E-business
Shift from traditional information broadcast medium to service channels
Satisfy needs of customers: Autonomy Independence Relatedness Feedback Entertainment
Examples: IBM, BMW create virtual communities for customers
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Summary
Web 3.0 shifts the Web from informational medium into service oriented, community based, intelligent medium
Semantics help integrate anything (people, computers, and systems), anywhere, anytime
Web 3.0 takes years to be fully-fledged Forces E-business to restructure their business
process Web 3.0 applications help to retain customers
and gain competitive advantages
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