Did Humans Evolve?Did Humans Evolve?

Evolution storyEvolution storyEvolution begins with the Evolution begins with the

assumption that man has evolved assumption that man has evolved from ape-like creaturesfrom ape-like creatures

Evolution begins with the Evolution begins with the assumption that man has evolved assumption that man has evolved

from ape-like creaturesfrom ape-like creatures

Pick yo

ur re

lative

Pick yo

ur re

lative

The BibleThe BibleThe Bible teaches that God created manThe Bible teaches that God created manThe Bible teaches that God created manThe Bible teaches that God created man

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female

Genesis 1:27

So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female

Genesis 1:27

School TextbooksSchool Textbooks

““Look closely at your hand. You have Look closely at your hand. You have five flexible fingers. Animals with five five flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible fingers are called primates. flexible fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes, and humans are Monkeys, apes, and humans are examples of primates….Primates most examples of primates….Primates most likely evolved from small, insect-eating likely evolved from small, insect-eating rodentlike mammals that lived about 60 rodentlike mammals that lived about 60 million years ago.”million years ago.”

““Look closely at your hand. You have Look closely at your hand. You have five flexible fingers. Animals with five five flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible fingers are called primates. flexible fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes, and humans are Monkeys, apes, and humans are examples of primates….Primates most examples of primates….Primates most likely evolved from small, insect-eating likely evolved from small, insect-eating rodentlike mammals that lived about 60 rodentlike mammals that lived about 60 million years ago.”million years ago.”

Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing Life, 1998, p. 213.Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing Life, 1998, p. 213.

Phylogeny

of

Humans

Glencoe/McGraw Hill

School TextbooksSchool Textbooks

““But all researchers agree on certain But all researchers agree on certain basic facts. We know, for example, basic facts. We know, for example, that humans evolved from ancestors that humans evolved from ancestors we share with other living primates we share with other living primates such as chimpanzees and apes.”such as chimpanzees and apes.”

Miller and Levine, Biology, 2000, p. 757.Miller and Levine, Biology, 2000, p. 757.

Java Man Java Man Pithecanthropus erectusPithecanthropus erectus 1891: An apelike skullcap 1891: An apelike skullcap

and a humanlike thighbone and a humanlike thighbone were found 45 feet apart – were found 45 feet apart – claim: 500,000 yrs. oldclaim: 500,000 yrs. old

“In my opinion this creature was an animal, a giant gibbon, in fact. The thigh bone has not the slightest connection with the skull.”

Rudolph Virchow (regarded as the father of modern pathology) stated at the time of discovery:

Java ManJava Man

Leading authorities of the time Leading authorities of the time rejected Dubois’s findingsrejected Dubois’s findings

Hackel, a prime promoter of Hackel, a prime promoter of evolution and Java Man, already had evolution and Java Man, already had a reputation for fraud in promoting a reputation for fraud in promoting his views on evolutionhis views on evolution

Since 1950, anthropologists and Since 1950, anthropologists and textbooks have been calling Java textbooks have been calling Java man man Homo erectusHomo erectus

Human fossils were also found in Java dating about the same age as Java Man

Piltdown ManPiltdown Man

Segment of human skullSegment of human skullSegment of lower

ape-like jawSegment of lower

ape-like jaw

New York Times ran an article: “Darwin Theory Proved True.”

Featured in textbooks and encyclopedias In 1953 scientists studied the bones

Featured in textbooks and encyclopedias In 1953 scientists studied the bones

A fraud (600 year old bones)

The TruthThe Truth

Piltdown ManPiltdown Man

Nebraska ManNebraska Man 1922 fossil evidence was 1922 fossil evidence was

discovereddiscovered Used to support evolution in the Used to support evolution in the

1925 Scopes trial1925 Scopes trial The claim: 1 million year old The claim: 1 million year old

intermediate linkintermediate link

An extinct pig’s toothAn extinct pig’s tooth

The TruthThe Truth

RamapithecusRamapithecus

What they drewWhat they drew

What they foundWhat they found

1930s1930s

RamapithecusRamapithecus

“Ramapithicus is ideally structured to be an ancestor of hominids. If he isn't, we don't have anything else that is.”

“Ramapithicus is ideally structured to be an ancestor of hominids. If he isn't, we don't have anything else that is.”

Time Magazine (Nov. 7, 1977)Time Magazine (Nov. 7, 1977)

RamapithecusRamapithecus

In 1970 a baboon living in Ethiopia In 1970 a baboon living in Ethiopia was discovered.was discovered.• Same dental structureSame dental structure• Similar morphological features found on Similar morphological features found on

RamapithecusRamapithecus Ramapithecus dropped from human Ramapithecus dropped from human

lineline

The claim: 14 million year old intermediate between ape-like creatures and humans

The truthThe truth

Summary of “Facts”Summary of “Facts”

Java Man …………….Java Man …………….Two different Two different creaturescreatures

Piltdown Man ……… Piltdown Man ……… HoaxHoax Nebraska Man …….. Nebraska Man …….. PigPig Ramapithecus ……..Ramapithecus …….. ApeApe

CharacteristicsAnatomy

Genetics (DNA)

CharacteristicsAnatomy

Genetics (DNA)

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

Original Drawing of Neanderthal

Original Drawing of Neanderthal

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

Constructed to look ape-likeConstructed to look ape-like Brain capacity about 200 cc largerBrain capacity about 200 cc larger

First found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856

First found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856

Initial construction discovered to be wrongInitial construction discovered to be wrong

used jewelry used musical instruments did cave paintings capable of speech buried their dead

used jewelry used musical instruments did cave paintings capable of speech buried their dead

Neanderthal Burial CitesNeanderthal Burial Cites

““Most anthropologists recognize burial as Most anthropologists recognize burial as a very human, and a very religious, act. a very human, and a very religious, act. But the strongest evidence that But the strongest evidence that Neandertals were fully human and of our Neandertals were fully human and of our species is that at four sites Neanderthals species is that at four sites Neanderthals and modern humans were buried and modern humans were buried together.”together.”

Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1998 p.89.

Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1998 p.89.

Neanderthal AnatomyNeanderthal Anatomy

Thick browThick brow

Stocky body buildShort extremitiesStocky body buildShort extremities

Neanderthal AnatomyNeanderthal Anatomy

Biochemical models have Biochemical models have demonstrated that chewing demonstrated that chewing

muscles working through the muscles working through the teeth generates intensive teeth generates intensive

concentration of compression in concentration of compression in the nasal and forehead region…the nasal and forehead region…

i.e. a bigger brow ridge.i.e. a bigger brow ridge.

B. Endo, “Experimental Studies on the Mechanical Significance of the Form of the Human Facial Skeleton,” J. Fac. Univ. Tokyo, 1966.

Neanderthal DNANeanderthal DNA

““Analysis of Neanderthal DNA failed Analysis of Neanderthal DNA failed to demonstrate any significance to demonstrate any significance from DNA of modern humans.”from DNA of modern humans.”

Nicholas Comninellis, M.D., Creative Defense: Evidence Against Evolution, 2001, p. 195. (citing Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1998.)

Neanderthals Were HumanNeanderthals Were Human

““Neanderthals were human. They buried Neanderthals were human. They buried their dead, used tools, had a complex their dead, used tools, had a complex social structure, employed language, social structure, employed language, and played musical instruments.and played musical instruments.Neanderthal anatomy differences are Neanderthal anatomy differences are extremely minor and can be for the extremely minor and can be for the most part explained as a result of a most part explained as a result of a genetically isolated people that lived a genetically isolated people that lived a rigorous life in a harsh, cold climate.”rigorous life in a harsh, cold climate.”

Dave Phillips (Physical Anthropologist), “Neanderthals Are Still Human,” Impact Article #223, May, 2000

Conclusion About NeanderthalsConclusion About Neanderthals Protruding brow ridgeProtruding brow ridge Stocky body build and short extremitiesStocky body build and short extremities Isolated population of peopleIsolated population of people Lived in a cold, harsh climateLived in a cold, harsh climate 100% human100% human Deformities proven to be from severe arthritis Deformities proven to be from severe arthritis

and lack of Vitamin D.and lack of Vitamin D.

Lucy and the Australopithecines

Challenges to Our YouthChallenges to Our YouthArtistic conceptionArtistic conceptionArtistic conceptionArtistic conception

Note contemplative gaze, human hands

and use of tools.

Australopithecusafricanus

Australopithecusafricanus

What do you notice about this picture?What do you notice about this picture?

Evolutionary PreconceptionEvolutionary Preconception

““I wanted to get a human soul into I wanted to get a human soul into this ape-like face, to indicate this ape-like face, to indicate something about where he was something about where he was headed.”headed.”

““I wanted to get a human soul into I wanted to get a human soul into this ape-like face, to indicate this ape-like face, to indicate something about where he was something about where he was headed.”headed.”

John Gurche, artist, National Geographic, March, 1996 p. 109.John Gurche, artist, National Geographic, March, 1996 p. 109.

What Was Found?What Was Found? Lucy discovered in 1974Lucy discovered in 1974 About 40% of the fossil was foundAbout 40% of the fossil was found Claimed to be 3.5 million years oldClaimed to be 3.5 million years old Claimed bipedal (walked upright)Claimed bipedal (walked upright)

Lucy and the AustralopithecinesLucy and the Australopithecines

Long arms are identical to chimpanzeesLong arms are identical to chimpanzees Jaws are similar to chimpanzeesJaws are similar to chimpanzees Upper leg bone is similar to chimpanzeesUpper leg bone is similar to chimpanzees Lucy’s legs were very ape-likeLucy’s legs were very ape-like Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps

chimpanzeeschimpanzees Hands similar to pygmy chimpanzeeHands similar to pygmy chimpanzee Feet were long and curvedFeet were long and curved

No similarity in appearance to humans No similarity in appearance to humans

Did Lucy Walk UprightDid Lucy Walk Upright

1.1.The rib cageThe rib cage

2.2.The pelvisThe pelvis

3.3.Leg and foot bonesLeg and foot bones

To determine if Lucy walked upright three areas of anatomy were examinedTo determine if Lucy walked upright three areas of anatomy were examined

Rib CageRib Cage Ape ribs are conical shapedApe ribs are conical shaped Human ribs are barrel-likeHuman ribs are barrel-like

Circular barrel-likeCircular barrel-like

HumanHuman

Conical shapeConical shape

ApeApe

Lucy’s Rib CageLucy’s Rib Cage

““In Lucy’s case, her ribs are In Lucy’s case, her ribs are conical, like those found in apes.”conical, like those found in apes.”

Brad Harrub (Ph.D. Anatomy and Neurobiology) and Bert Thompson (Ph.D. Microbiology), The Truth About Human Origins, 2003, p. 47.

Brad Harrub (Ph.D. Anatomy and Neurobiology) and Bert Thompson (Ph.D. Microbiology), The Truth About Human Origins, 2003, p. 47.

Chimp vs. Human PelvisChimp vs. Human Pelvis

ChimpChimp

HumanHuman

PBS Nova Series; In Search of Human Origins

episode one 1994 (Dr. Owen Lovejoy)PBS Nova Series; In Search of Human Origins

episode one 1994 (Dr. Owen Lovejoy)

Lucy’s pelvis is “wrong” Lucy’s pelvis is “wrong” because it is very ape-likebecause it is very ape-like

Lucy’s pelvis is “wrong” Lucy’s pelvis is “wrong” because it is very ape-likebecause it is very ape-like

Laetoli FootprintsLaetoli FootprintsFootprints discovered in 1978 in Laetoli, Tanzania. The footprints were dated at 3.5 million years old.

Footprints discovered in 1978 in Laetoli, Tanzania. The footprints were dated at 3.5 million years old.

Who made these footprints?

Ape and Human FootprintsApe and Human Footprints

Ape(Lucy)Ape

(Lucy)HumanHuman Laetoli footprintLaetoli footprint

Footprints and Real EvidenceFootprints and Real Evidence

““Indistinguishable from those of Indistinguishable from those of habitually barefoot habitually barefoot Homo sapiensHomo sapiens.”.”

Russell Tuttle, “The Pattern of Little Feet,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Feb 1989, p. 316.

Russell Tuttle, “The Pattern of Little Feet,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Feb 1989, p. 316.

Anatomy of AustralopithecinesAnatomy of Australopithecines

“…“…anatomist Dr Charles Oxnard anatomist Dr Charles Oxnard has shown that the big toe has shown that the big toe actually sticks out as in actually sticks out as in chimpanzees.” chimpanzees.”

David Catchpoole, Ph.D., “New evidence: Lucy was a knuckle-walker”, www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4256news5-5-2000.asp

David Catchpoole, Ph.D., “New evidence: Lucy was a knuckle-walker”, www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4256news5-5-2000.asp

SummarySummary Evolutionists ignore the scientific Evolutionists ignore the scientific

evidence evidence

Evolutionists create misleading Evolutionists create misleading pictures in textbooks to support pictures in textbooks to support evolutionevolution

Evolutionists practice censorshipEvolutionists practice censorship

The scientific evidence supports Lucy The scientific evidence supports Lucy was an extinct type of chimpanzeewas an extinct type of chimpanzee

If we all descended from two people, where did all the races come from?

If we all descended from two people, where did all the races come from?

And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;

Acts 17:26

Eye ShapesEye Shapes

What Really Happened?What Really Happened?

Genesis 11:1, 4Now the earth had one language and one speech.

And they said, “come let us build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top is in the heavens; let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.”

Genesis 11:8-9So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of the earth, and they ceased building the city.

Therefore its name is called Babel, because the Lord confused the language of all the earth;…

Tower of BabelTower of Babel

One RaceOne Race

How Did Man Inhabit the World?How Did Man Inhabit the World?

Where did Cain get his wife?

Where did Cain get his wife?

AdamAdam

About 2,500 years later the law was About 2,500 years later the law was given to Moses (Leviticus 18-20)given to Moses (Leviticus 18-20)

Abraham married his half sister (Gen Abraham married his half sister (Gen 20:12)20:12)

Children inherit two sets of genesChildren inherit two sets of genes

Adam was created perfect Adam was created perfect

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

All of God’s creation gives an All of God’s creation gives an abundance of evidence that He has abundance of evidence that He has created it, for which we praise Him.created it, for which we praise Him.

““Know ye that the Lord He is God: It is Know ye that the Lord He is God: It is He that hath made us, and not we He that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are His people, and the ourselves; we are His people, and the sheep of His pasture.” Ps. 100:3sheep of His pasture.” Ps. 100:3

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

We have seen that the universe We have seen that the universe could not have created itself; that it could not have created itself; that it is impossible for stars to form is impossible for stars to form spontaneously by themselves. God spontaneously by themselves. God created them, by His mighty power!created them, by His mighty power!

““The heavens declare the glory of God; The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament showeth His and the firmament showeth His handiwork.” Ps 19:1handiwork.” Ps 19:1

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

From our studies concerning the From our studies concerning the fossil record, embryology, fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, and the comparative anatomy, and the indescribable complexity and indescribable complexity and organization of living creatures, we organization of living creatures, we see that each one testifies to the see that each one testifies to the creative genius of God that passes all creative genius of God that passes all understanding.understanding.

““But ask now the beasts, and they But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach thee; and the fowls of the shall teach thee; and the fowls of the air, and they shall tell thee: air, and they shall tell thee:

Or speak to the earth, and it shall Or speak to the earth, and it shall teach thee; And the fishes of the sea teach thee; And the fishes of the sea shall declare unto thee.shall declare unto thee.

Who knoweth not in all these that the Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of the Lord hath wrought this?” hand of the Lord hath wrought this?”

Job 12:7-9Job 12:7-9

Opposite

Opposite

Same

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

Better

“Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honor and power: For Thou has created all things, and for Thy pleasure they are and were created.”

Revelation 4:11

“Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honor and power: For Thou has created all things, and for Thy pleasure they are and were created.”

Revelation 4:11