diehl group - „lead is dead“ · 2008 ndia fuze conference, jeff swank * 2002, 2004, 2005...

„Lead is Dead“

58th Annual Fuze Conference July 9th, 2015 Harald Wich Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH 2 Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Overview

History From Lead to Lithium MK44 PS115 Others Opinions Conclusions

D&EP\Presentations\Fuze\NDIA 58 Fuze Conf\58th Annual Fuze Conference_Lead is Dead, July 2015


History

„Baghdad Battery“ 250 BC

Mk53

WW2 Prox Fuze (VT-Fuze)

Lead Reserve Battery

„Voltaic Pile“ 1800 AD



From Lead to Lithium

Lead Batteries were good for about 50+ years (despite some weaknesses)

invention/development of the Lithium Battery started ca 1912 – first commercial lithium primaries sold in 1970s

US started MK44 (lead) replacement programme (2004 NDIA Fuze Conference, Eugene Marquis)

1996



Why Change from Lead to Lithium?

poor low temperature performance growing environmental concern (not a big issue in 1996, but …)

(2004 NDIA Fuze Conference, Paul F. Schisselbauer)

MK44 Lead-Chemistry Battery non-producible within the US (2001 NDIA Fuze Conference, Michael A. Till; 2004 NDIA Fuze Conference, Paul F. Schisselbauer)

. . .

“Lead is Dead”

(2005 NDIA Fuze Conference, Eugene Marquis)



The Way from Lead to Lithium

various attempts to upgrade MOFA-Battery - more cells, high-rate electrolyte, to fulfil MK44 requirements within envelop

„After several years and several million dollars, still not sufficiently successful“ (2008 NDIA Fuze Conference, Jeff Swank)

Time (msec)

Voltage (v)

Current (mA)

0 0 050 12.5 60

99.9 12.5 60100 12.5 450

140 sec 12.5 450

Ø 38.8

MK 44

26.7

Requirements for MFF Battery

02468

101214161820222426

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Time (msec)

Volta

ge (v

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Cur

rent

(mA

)

Voltage Requirement

Current Requirement



Our DEP14017 as MK44 Replacement

DEP14017

Ø 21.6 Ø 32.2

25.4

RT; 56R//50 mA; 9000 1/min



MK 419

D&EP´s DEP14017 successfully introduced into US MK419

First lot (5.400) delivered in 2013

2011 NDIA Fuze Conference, Richard Chapman D&EP\Presentations\Fuze\NDIA 58 Fuze Conf\58th Annual Fuze Conference_Lead is Dead, July 2015


Our next Step

PS-115 DEP14012 Height [mm] < 25.7 25.33 Diameter [mm] < 38.96 32.17 Weight [g] < 78 40 Voltage max [V] < 36 28.8 Voltage min [V] * > 20 20 Current [mA] peak * 250 250 Capacity/Lifetime [mAs/s] 6,000/200 60,000/200 Activation Time [s] @ 23 V < 1 0.1 Acceleration [g´s] > 1100 1000 Spin [rpm] > 2,700 2,700 Temperature [°C] -40 - +60 -46 - +63 Environment MIL-STD 883B * Customer defined



The DEP 14012 Activation

unique activation device

no activation

Activation



Some More Examples of Lead Batteries

PX-20 DEP14203 Voltage max [V] < 18 Voltage min [V] > 14 Current [mA] 15 Activation Time [s] @ 14 V < 0.2 0.01 Acceleration [g´s] > 25,000 Spin [rpm] > 40,000 Temperature [°C] -40 - +60 -46 - +63

PX-20

PF-40 DEP14204 Voltage min [V] > 39 Current [mA] 10 Temperature [°C] -31 - +60 -46 - +63

PF-40

MRB DEP14204 Voltage min [V] > 30 Current [mA] 10 Activation Time [s] @ 14 V < 0.05 0.01 Temperature [°C] -32 - +60 -46 - +63 Environment MIL-STD 331B

Sang-Hee Yoon ∗, Joong-Tak Son, Jong-Soo Oh Journal of Power Sources 162 (2006) 1421–1430

diameter d = 22 mm height h = 14/19.5 mm

MRB



Obsolete Opinions about Lithium Reserve Batteries

widely heard quotations: • Lead has a higher energy density (capacity) per volume. * • Lead is more powerful per area cell surface. ** • Lead is faster. ***

the truth for lithium: • High cell voltage usually results in high energy density up to 100 mJ/mm3 • Proper cell design and electrolyte results in high power more than 200 mW/cm2 • Proper cell- and flow-design results in fast activation two examples

* no source ** 2008 NDIA Fuze Conference, Jeff Swank *** 2002, 2004, 2005 NDIA Fuze Conference, Till, Marquis Sang-Hee Yoon ∗, Joong-Tak Son, Jong-Soo Oh Journal of Power Sources 162 (2006) 1421–1430

Diehl/Eagle Picher Conclusion Meets Fit, Form, & Function of MK44

– Limited mechanical repackaging of fuze – Rise time same as MK44

Need to test 5x2 battery – To determine if Mission Life Requirement would be met

``

´´

DEP 1400x at RT



Obsolete Opinions about Lithium Reserve Batteries

more on lithium rise time

Lithium Reserve Batteries activate quickly if properly designed!

DEP 14103 at -46°C

DEP 14103 at -46°C



Conclusion

Lead Batteries can be substituted by a Lithium plug-in-replacement in most cases. In some applications a cylindrical Li-battery is the more favourable solution

long shelf live due to • glass ampoule • tightness

superior low temperature performance high energy/power density fast rise-time

Lithium-Reserve-



Thank you for your attention!

Questions?



Diehl & Eagle Picher Contact

How to Contact us • Presenter Harald Wich • Mail Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Fischbachstrasse 20 90552 Roethenbach a d Pegnitz Germany

• Phone +49-911-957-2100 • Fax +49-911-957-2485 • Email [email protected] • Web www.battery.de


diehl group - „lead is dead“ · 2008 ndia fuze conference, jeff swank * 2002, 2004, 2005...

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