diesel engine exhaust gases – exhaust gas cleaning, or is ......the demand for exhaust gas...
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Diesel engine exhaust gases – exhaust gas cleaning, or is fuel selection good enough?16 December 2020 16:00-16:45 SGT • 08:00-08:45 GMT
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14-17 December 2020Presentation & sponsor documents:Page 2: Don Gregory, EGCSAPage 11: Kai Latun, Yara Marine TechnologiesPage 18: Ian Adams, Clean Shipping AlliancePage 24: Yara Marine Technologies company information
Diesel Engine Exhaust GasesExhaust gas cleaning, or is fuel selection good enough?
Riviera Maritime - MAP Virtual Conference Series Asia 16th December 2020
Don Gregory, Director EGCSA
Background & Membership
• Inaugurated in 2008
• Represents >90% of EGCS suppliers globally
• Associate membership of sub suppliers
• Share knowledge on the health environmental, technical &commercial realities of EGCS technologies
• Assure Ethical Compliance Code of Conduct of the EGCS Association
Installations – Exceed 4,000
Capex versus Opex?
• Owners/Investors spend money based on projected return– Typically desire a 6 month payback
– Need a rate premium if the ship is on charter
– Have to make a judgement call on fuel price differential
– No one forecast a global shutdown due to COVID 19
• Shipper/Charterer spend money based on transport rate– Over capacity and depressed freight rates have now existed since 2008
– Impact of freight costs varies with type of shipment
– Normally purchases the bunkers – has shown a dis-interest in bunker costs
– In house charterer more interested in the total cost of operation
• Cruise Lines
• Container Lines
• RORO Ferries
• Car Carriers$23,000/day – Additional cost of burning VLSFO for an 8,000TEU
container ship as a result of IMO 2020 Source Mia Bennett, “Sulphur Out, Scrubbers In”
Emissions versus Health?
• Health effects include lung and cardiovascular disease
• “Particulate Matter from Both Heavy Fuel Oil and Diesel Fuel ShippingEmissions Show Strong Biological Effects on Human Lung Cells at Realistic andComparable In Vitro Exposure Conditions”
• IMO has only considered limits for emissions of SOx, NOx and BC
• NGOs, Administrations and Port Authorities have failed to propose any limitswhatsoever on the many toxic compounds contained in diesel engine exhausts
• Alternative fuels such as LNG, LPG, Bio Diesel produce toxic emissions
• EU Commission has failed to set policy to progressively reduce marineemissions
Reactions to HFO emissions were dominated by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, whereas DF
emissions induced generally a broader biological response than HFO emissions and affected essential
cellular pathways such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and chromatin modification
Courtesy Archives of Toxicology
Diesel exhaust: current knowledge of adverse
effects and underlying cellular mechanisms
Bias versus Benefits?MIS-INFORMATION• NGO reports
– Recent document cloaked as research on whale population impacted by scrubber discharges
– Content littered with claims and inferences. Not a single measured value or fact
• MRV Directive
– No known goal for the exercise
– “If you do not know what you are looking for you will never find it” Mechanics Teacher South Shields Marine & Technical
College
NOT GOAL BASED• European Maritime Transport Environmental Report
– Focus on unsubstantiated risk
– Lack of holistic overview
• Open Loop Bans
– Ports have failed to effectively consider their impact
– Ports cause pollution, health impacts, congestion etc
– Ports have focused on their own self interests such as dredging to increase port size
• EU classification for Green Finance
– Desperate need to influence source and use of finance in a capitalist system
– Bureaucrats directing commerce
– “Technology Neutral” …. Reality is prescription and bias
Fuelling the Future?
Toxic Emissions• Scrubbers effectively trap soot and Particulate Matter (PM)
• Future technology will remove ultra-fine PM (nano size) & Black Carbon
• Scrubbers are becoming synonymous with NOx control by EGR
• Advanced scrubbers will reduce toxic compounds to insignificance
• Wet scrubbers appear to be most likely to achieve rapid & economic advancement
Green House Gases• Well to wake CO2 emissions in the range of 10% to 20% lower than MGO
• LNG risks of leakage and methane slip understated
• Scrubber development to capture CO2
• Scrubbers provide the immediate incremental step towards zero fossil sourced CO2 emissions
• 1 tonne CO2 reduction today eliminates a 10 tonne reduction required in the next decade
THANK-YOU
For a wealth of materials on EGCS please visit our website at
www.egcsa.com
Yara Marine
Technologies
Marine exhaust gas cleaning solutions
2
3
Retrofit Projects now takes only 2-3 weeks in yard
4
Adding value also outside our scope - Overboard Discharge
What you want to avoid What you get from Yara Marine Technologies
❑ Discharge design
❑ Diffuser design
❑ Installation guideline
5
Adding value also outside our scope - CO2 Emissions
Comprehensive study by CE Delft
proves that HFO with scrubbers
beats compliant fuels in the race to
reduce CO2 emissions
6
Science proves Scrubber Washwater does NOT harm marine environment
Comprehensive study by CE Delft proves scrubber washwater is
NOT detrimental to the marine environment even in confined
waters like ports etc
Large academic study by the Japanese
Government proves that scrubber
washwater deos NOT harm the marine
enviroment nor marine aquatic organisms,
even if ALL vessels use scrubbers
Scrubbers: The ScienceIan Adams
Executive Director
What happens in an Exhaust Gas Cleaning System (EGCS)?
• Sulphur Oxides (SOx) are removed using either seawater or chemically treated freshwater
• The Alkalinity of the water neutralises the SOx
• Discharged to sea (Open Loop) or recirculated (Closed Loop)
The Chemistry
Sulphur Dioxide
• SO2 + H2O ↔“H2SO3” (sulphurous acid) ↔ H+ + HSO3– (bisulphite)
• HSO3– (bisulphite) ↔ H+ + SO32- (sulphite)
• SO32- (sulphite) + ½ O2↔ SO4
2- (sulphate)
Overall reaction
• SO2 + H2O + 1/2 O2 → SO42- + 2H+
Source: EGCSA
“If the sulphur in the sea were spread out as an even layer, the total ocean area of the world would be covered by a 5-foot thick layer of sulphur.
If all the sulphur in all the known oil and coal reserves were added to this layer, the thickness would only increase by the thickness of a sheet of paper.“
Source: Nyman and Tokerud (1991)
The Future
• Will we continue to see EGCS being installed?
• Will there be further developments?
www.cleanshippingalliance2020.org
email your questions to us
Yara Marine Technologies SOx scrubber systems
Make the best choice
www.yaramarine.com
• Premium material: Our scrubbers are made fromhigh nickel alloys, the only safe choice for operationin the extremely corrosive environment scrubbersare exposed to.
• Our inline scrubber can handle any Sulphur contentin the fuel.
• Our scrubber can be installed as single inlet system(one exhaust gas source) or multi-inlet system.
• Our flexible scrubber can operate on multiple typesof alkali in closed loop such as Magnesium Oxide,Caustic Soda or Sodium Carbonate.
• Our Service and Aftersales Department is focusedon preventive maintenance in cooperation with ourcustomers but is also there at any time if unforeseenchallenges appear.
• Simplicity: No moving parts.
• Tailor-made design to fit any installationrequirements.
Flexible design and installation
Yara Marine’s high-quality, inline scrubbers come with an optional extended guarantee against corrosion – a major feature differentiating its scrubbers from the competition.
The global 0,5% SOx cap will apply worldwide and the ECA’s around the world are expected to grow and expand in the years to come. The demand for exhaust gas cleaning technology, such as the SOx scrubber, is expected to increase in pace with the tightened regulations.
Installing a Yara Marine SOx scrubber is the most economical and efficient way to achieve full compliance with both current and future emission regulations from the International Maritime Organization.
Yara Marine Technologies provides key insights into scrubber asset lifecycle cost, predictive and proactive maintenance and service plans.
Yara Marine’s exhaust gas cleaning technology is a leading solution for removing Sulphur oxides from ship’s engine and boiler exhaust gases.
Our Systems
Yara Marine offers scrubbers that can operate in both open and closed loop, as well as hybrid scrubbers that can transit between open and closed loop depending on the specific geographical regulation.
Typical installation
2After-Sales service - spare parts
international patents for marine applications
Over 2 million operating hours
Over
300+Scrubbers
years ofexperience10
Retrofits
Newbuilds 3
weeks dry-dock
500+crew members trained
Extended Guarantee
Engine
Heat exchanger
WMU
Alkali dosing
CEMS: continuous emission monitoring systemWMU: water monitoring unitWTU: Water treatment unit
Process tank WTU
Holdingtank(optional)
Exhaust gas out
CEMS
Exhaust gas in
Engine WMU
CEMS: continuous emission monitoring systemWMU: water monitoring unit
Exhaust gas in
CEMS
Exhaust gas out
Closed loop system Open loop system
About Yara Marine Technologies
The company was established in 2014 following the acquisition of Green Tech Marine, by global industrial chemical corporation Yara International ASA.
Green Tech Marine has since its origin in 2010 been a forerunner in the emission reduction technology industry being the first company offering the inline SOx scrubber to the marine segment. Yara Marine Technologies was also the first company to introduce the multi-engine inline and the flexible mini scrubber that both drastically reduce the design footprint on the vessel.
With hundreds of scrubbers delivered and over two million operating hours, the company has extensive experience in the marine exhaust gas cleaning industry.
www.yaramarine.com
Make the best choice
Long-term savings on fuel costs and the undoubted availability of HFO over the coming years is good news for global shipping operations. Scrubbers are more than just an upfront investment.
Yara Marine Technologies’ quality scrubber is a competitive sulphur compliance solution with a high return on investment ratio.
Head office:Drammensveien 134 Building no. 60277 Oslo, Norway
Copyright © Yara09/2019
Phone: +47 480 68 590Email: [email protected]
China: 21F Unit 2618, Sino-Ocean Tower, Phase II, No. 618 East Yan An Road, Shanghai 200001
Sweden:Gothenburg Mölndalsvägen 93 412 63, Gothenburg, Sweden